SPC 2608 Midterm

Which student is MOST likely to find sources of questionable reliability? Brayden, who is researching on the Internet Gabriel, who is researching in the library Kaylee, who is researching in academic journals Bella, who is researching in scientific magazine articles

Brayden, who is researching on the Internet

Which is an example of impression management? Ian admires his older brother, Jackson, so he takes the same classes Jackson did. Kevin impersonates the voice and mannerisms of his friends. Clarissa wears her best suit to a job interview so that she appears polished and professional. Charlie changes his opinion of his math teacher after he finds out that she works a second job at an ice cream store.

Clarissa wears her best suit to a job interview so that she appears polished and professional

Which person's strategy to reduce speech anxiety is most likely to be effective? Rita, who plans to reduce the length of her speech Derrick, who channels his nervous energy into planning Elaina, who thinks of herself as the center of attention Henry, who carefully and repeatedly contemplates all the "what ifs"

Derrick, who channels his nervous energy into planning

Speech anxiety is the term used to describe fears that people have about verbally communicating with others. T/F?

False

Consider these statements as being part of a speech. Which statement warrants further investigation? Maya Angelou was a famous American poet. The U.S. president can veto a bill passed by Congress. The minimum voting age in the United States is eighteen years of age. Gun control would prevent gun deaths.

Gun control would prevent gun deaths.

Kari is listening to a speech. Which form of noise would be the MOST difficult for Kari to manage? Audience members clap loudly. An audience member's cell phone rings. Kari experiences a bout of hiccups. Kari has strongly held beliefs about a speech topic.

Kari has strongly held beliefs about a speech topic

Who argued that understanding a society's class system helps people understand that society better? Karl Marx Kenneth Burke Erik Erikson Milton Rokeach

Karl Marx

A seasoned speaker tells a beginning speaker that audience analyses aren't needed as much once speaking experience is gained. Why should the beginning speaker be skeptical of this statement? Audience analysis is a newer concept that more experienced (older) speakers may not be aware of. Although informal audience analyses may be less necessary, formal analyses are still recommended for all speakers. It is common for experienced speakers to feel threatened by other speakers, and some may try to sabotage them. Many experienced speakers perform informal audience analyses, but they have become an automatic, unconscious process.

Many experienced speakers perform informal audience analyses, but they have become an automatic, unconscious process.

Which statement about impression management is true? The most helpful technique for managing impressions is to be mindful of one's word choice and delivery. Impression management prioritizes managing people's appearances and building self-confidence. Impression management was more important in the time of the ancient Greeks than it is today. To be effective, impression management should be an internal effort, rather than a consultation with others for guidance.

The most helpful technique for managing impressions is to be mindful of one's word choice and delivery.

It is often through rehearsing that a speaker gets a sense of the length of a speech. T/F?

True

Speech anxiety is rarely eliminated entirely, no matter how much experience a person has. T/F?

True

In which speech setting would animated gestures MOST likely be needed? a large religious service a job interview a small dinner party an elementary classroom presentation

a large religious service

Bethany posts to Instagram while she is in a movie theater seeing a new film. Several of her friends like her post and comment on it, saying that they loved the movie when they saw it. This moment of bonding is an example of: connection and independence. symbiosis. formal audience analysis. a moment of identification.

a moment of identification

Which BEST describes extemporaneous delivery? a speech that does not use a defined organizational pattern a speech delivered using very few notes a speech that is well researched but unstructured a speech that is given with no prior preparation

a speech delivered using very few notes

Which source would be the MOST appropriate to use for a speech about how the works of the philosopher Socrates have affected life today? the Socrates page on Wikipedia an interview with a professor of philosophy the printed book Plato's Biography of Socrates, published in 1917 an online "Socrates fact sheet" posted by the Biography channel

an interview with a professor of philosophy

What is the definition of noise? a stimulus that is easily removed anything a person thinks about or experiences internally anything a person can sense or feel anything that interferes with a message

anything that interferes with a message

One reason that an audience would likely view a speaker's appearance unfavorably is if the speaker: followed the one-step-up rule. dressed similarly to the audience members. wore new footwear. appeared unkempt and slovenly.

appeared unkempt and slovenly

Which statement about articulation is true? Articulation concerns how a person moves their lips and tongue when speaking. Articulation is the correct or accepted way that a word sounds when spoken. Articulation is the primary way speakers convey joy or somberness when speaking. Articulation is the attempt to vary the volume, pitch, rate, and general character of one's voice.

articulation concerns how a person moves their lips and tongue when speaking

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between style and disposition? Disposition is an external manifestation of style. Disposition is another word for style. Audiences perceive speakers' disposition through their style. Style is the perception of a person's character, and disposition is the person's actual character.

audiences perceive speakers' disposition through their style

Valerie gives a toast to her brother at his wedding. The location of the speech suggests that this would be classified as what type of speech? objective persuasive celebratory informative

celebratory

Where is the call to action typically included in a speech? opener introduction preview body of the speech conclusion

conclusion

Scholars who study audiences most commonly break down identity characteristics into: disposition categories. stereotypes. demography. attitudes and values.

demography

Which is an example of spatial organization? describing the levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs as a pyramid, with the most basic needs at the base retelling the narrative of a favorite children's book describing the four main attributes of positive thinkers in advertising, stating that the problem of wrinkles can be remedied by a specific cream

describing the levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs as a pyramid, with the most basic needs at the base

Kaitlyn is encouraged to follow the one-step-up rule when delivering her speech. What is she being encouraged to do? Take one step forward when introducing a key point. Talk one level louder when making a call to action. Speak at a pace one level up from average or typical. Dress one level up from the dress of her audience.

dress one level up from the dress of her audience

Which adjective BEST describes short-term memory? unlimited erasable permanent unconscious

erasable

Someone who is studying the discernment of right and wrong or good and evil is studying what? udgment sincerity ethics common sense

ethics

What type of speech support would be MOST effective for a training session for the new hires at a company? examples statistics stories and narratives testimony

examples

An element of style that has been discussed since the time of ancient Greece and that is associated with credibility is: tone. expertise. pacing. generosity.

expertise

What type of belief can be empirically verified? opinion declaration of faith value fact

fact

Which form of support should Jacqueline predominantly rely on when giving a speech about the process of buying a house? statistics testimony facts stories and narratives

facts

A sound check is necessary only if the speaker is using a fixed microphone. T/F?

false

Conducting a focus group of current customers before designing a new website for a company is a form of informal audience analysis. T/F?

false

Demographic data can help speakers develop an analysis of the speech space. T/F?

false

Most spatially organized speeches are arranged in order from the most recent event to the oldest event. T/F?

false

Speakers should always research commonly known statements of fact to verify their truth T/F?

false

When addressing large audiences, it is recommended that speakers adopt a flashier dress style. T/F?

false

When orally citing sources, speakers should provide full bibliographic data, including author, publication, and year of publication. T/F?

false

Cooper is having trouble deciding what to focus on for his speech. His main topic is music, so he writes the word "music" on a piece of paper. He then writes "bands," the next word that comes to mind. He continues, writing "brass," "New Orleans," and "jazz." Which technique is Cooper using? outlining metacognition concept mapping free association

free association

Caleb is a motivational speaker. He begins his speech by stating, "I know times are tough right now, and people are nervous, unsure about the future. But I believe that together, we will make it through this and come out stronger on the other side. What ethical concept is Caleb trying to cultivate?" ractical wisdom understanding expertise goodwill

goodwill

Which statement about pitch is true? A sustained pitch makes it easier for the audience to understand the speaker. Varying pitch throughout a speech can make the speaker seem monotonous. Pitch is the most important of all the vocalics. High pitch tends to communicate excitement, whereas low pitch can signal dread.

high pitch tends to communicate excitement, whereas low pitch can signal dread

How would Aristotle have informally defined the term lexis? one's general manner of speaking one's word choice and diction the denotative meaning associated with words the tone used to convey a message

one's general manner of speaking

A speaker uses an expert's words verbatim in a speech without stating the expert's name. This BEST exemplifies: plagiarizing. paraphrasing. eliminating noise. cultivating goodwill.

plagiarizing

Levi describes Violet as displaying great common sense. What characteristic of Violet is Levi describing? expertise practical wisdom attending listening

practical wisdom

Bruce is giving a speech. For most of the speech, the audience is unsure what Bruce's main point is. Then, close to the end, Bruce takes all the seemingly random points and ties everything together. What organizational speech pattern is Bruce using? rambling cause and effect temporal topical

rambling

At the end of his speech, Leo repeats his main points to encourage his audience to enter which step of active listening? receiving and attending understanding responding, paraphrasing, and clarifying recalling and remembering

recalling and remembering

Which step is the last step of the active listening process? understanding receiving and attending recalling and remembering responding, paraphrasing, and clarifying

recalling and remembering

Practicing a speech will help a speaker: learn more about the topic. remember their main points. eliminate unnecessary citations. anticipate the audience's reaction.

remember their main points

Callie sees an ad for a company that provides prepackaged specialized diets for people with various chronic conditions, such as kidney disease. Unaware that this was a thing, Callie begins searching online for "diets for kidney disease." What is Callie engaging in? research concept mapping free association brainstorming

research

To begin his speech on good studying habits, Todd asks the audience, "Do you want to be an academic success story?" This is an example of what attention-getting technique? visualization quotation rhetorical question acknowledgment of the speaking situation

rhetorical question

Jaxon, who is a proud supporter of the Democratic Party, watches the MSNBC television network because the viewpoints presented by this network closely align with his own. What is this an example of? selective exposure pretend listening cultural differences internal noise

selective exposure

One unexpected place where speakers can add a little signature of individuality in their appearance is their: jewelry. hairstyle. shoes. outerwear.

shoes

In his speech, Dexter plans to describe the human personality as a science laboratory, comparing each segment of people's public and private personalities to different pieces of laboratory equipment. Which organizational pattern is Dexter planning to use? spatial cause and effect topical problem-solution

spatial

As a general rule of thumb, if the audience will be dressed formally, the speaker should be formal with their: message. inclusivity. speaking style. source materials.

speaking style

Most of Devonte's actions are driven by his desire to keep his family financially secure. What is this an example of? terminal values beliefs attitudes feelings

terminal values

According to Aristotle, successful speakers focus on: the audience. self-development as a speaker. the speech topic. well-balanced research.

the audience

A speaker has delivered a well-organized speech with clear points and support material. What can the speaker expect the audience to remember about the speech long term? the thesis statement of the speech the main points, supporting evidence, and conclusion the primary source used to develop the speech the tone of the speech and some of its main points

the tone of the speech and some of its main points

Why are statistics a popular form of support? They are likely to be believed. They make it easier for audiences to interpret numerical data. They impress an audience more than other forms of support. They are easy to find.

they make it easier for audiences to interpret numerical data

Which step will BEST help a speaker prepare to adapt to any audience? researching the topic thoroughly practicing speaking in front of a mirror remembering that it's important to attempt to do no harm thinking about previous life experiences as a listener

thinking about previous life experiences as a listener

Ruby plans to use the problem-solution pattern to describe some typical behavioral problems in dogs and provide the solution of early, persistent dog training. When should Ruby describe the effectiveness of dog training? first second third fourth

third

What is the purpose of brainstorming? to generate ideas to identify the speech situation to focus on the audience's interests to learn more about a topic of interest

to generate ideas

Figures of speech are also called: slang. tropes. metaphors. irony.

tropes

A listener's unconscious thoughts can affect how that person responds to a speech. T/F?

true

An advantage of short-term memory is that it is readily accessible in the moment. T/F?

true

Effective speaking is as much about feelings as it is about logic. T/F?

true

Misinformation in speeches is more likely if the speaker rushes through the writing process. T/F?

true

Moving too much can make the audience "seasick" and detract from the speaker's message. T/F?

true

When speakers are speaking to audiences they do not know well, they should generally use more formal language. T/F?

true

According to psychologist Milton Rokeach, an audience's understanding of the world is made up of three basic elements: beliefs, attitudes, and: wishes. behaviors. values. truths

values

To begin his speech on the importance of plastics, Sahil plans to ask the audience to imagine a world without disposable packaging or medical equipment. Which attention-getter is Sahil using? visualization quotation rhetorical question acknowledgment of the speaking situation

visualization

Speeches that are organized using spatial patterning are attempting to help the audience: establish a sense of physical presence. visualize moving through a place or over an object. draw on their inner sense of progression. anticipate a particular end.

visualize moving through a place or over an object

When a speaker uses words that are sensuous, that person is using: formal language. vivid language. malapropisms. alliteration.

vivid language

What is the study of the way people use their voices, including volume, pitch, articulation, pronunciation, rate, and modulation? haptics vocalics intonation kinesics

vocalics

Daryl is giving a speech from a large stage. He is unsure whether he should move around or not while on stage. The BEST advice for Daryl is that he should: divide his time evenly among the left side, the center, and the right side of the stage. remain standing behind the podium, especially if he is using a microphone. slowly and deliberately walk back and forth across the stage during his speech. walk toward the audience and move around on stage somewhat, without pacing.

walk toward the audience and move around on stage somewhat, without pacing

An audience first begins to form impressions about a speaker: when they see the speaker. when the speaker begins talking. when the speaker begins their conclusion. a short time after hearing the full speech.

when they see the speaker

Aristotle collected his remarks on style under the Greek term lexis, which translates to: code. symbol. word. speech.

word