Speech Final

What are the five canons of rhetoric?

- Invention - Arrangement - Style - Memory - Delivery

Common technical errors that can arise from using presentation software can include

- a computer drive freezing - projector bulb burnout - incompatibility of a file with an operating system

What are demographic characteristics?

- age ranges - socioeconomic status - gender ratio

To support a major point effectively, the speaker should offer...

- each source's relevant qualifications to report on the information - sources that are appropriate to the audience - evidence from a variety of sources

Effective examples for a speech can be

- extended - brief - hypothetical

What are the benefits of public speaking?

- finding new ways to be an engaged citizen - accomplishing professional and personal goals - learning practical skills and knowledge

transition techniques

- internal summaries - signposts - internal previews

What are effective strategies for gaining public speaking confidence?

- practicing the speech - visualizing success - modifying thoughts and attitudes

Characteristics of speech setting are

- seating capacity and arrangement - lighting and sound - the size of the audience and the length of the speech

When using audio or video as a presentation aid, the speaker should be sure to

- tell the audience what they will hear or see beforehand and discuss its significance - cue the tape before the presentation - check to see if the material is copyrighted

What are steps you should take when checking out a venue ahead of a presentation?

- test the audio volume and functionality - ensure you have internet access - find all of the power sources you'll need

What are some reasons to cite sources in your speech?

- to gain credibility - to demonstrate the quality and range of your research - to avoid plagiarism

To help your audience follow your speech do all of the following

- use lots of transition words and phrases - preview main points in the introduction - employ rhetorical devices such as repetition and parallelism

The skillful use of color in presentation aids include

- using color to set the mood of a speech - limiting colors to no more than two or three per graphic - using color to draw attention to key points

What should you consider when planning a presentation?

-how many slides you'll need - the content of your slides - the order of your slides

Generally, the introduction should be brief and no more than _______ percent of the speech body.

10 to 15

In the following statement, which type of supporting material is being referenced? "In Stephanie Meyers' Twilight series, the star-crossed lovers, Edward and Bella make an unusual pair..."

A Book

_______ points in an outline are if roughly equal importance and weight in the speech.

Coordinate

Which of the following is a Greek word meaning character?

Ethos

If a particular type of speech is legal, it is also ethical.

False

In a speech outline, coordinate points are given less weight than the main points they support.

False

In any given communication situation, all listeners will process information in exactly the same manner.

False

Self-consciousness can make a speaker less sensitive to things that might be wrong with his or her performance.

False

The specific purpose of a speech is the same as the general purpose.

False

Though speakers should set goals, it is unimportant for listeners to do so.

False

Unlike many forms of communication, public speaking is a skill you are born with.

False

Verbatim statements are known as paraphrases.

False

Visualization is not an effective technique to reduce speaker nervousness.

False

The speaker should catch the audience's attention and interest in which part of a speech?

Introduction

Which outline uses partial construction of the sentence form of each point?

Phrase

A speaker can improve in the next speech by learning from the objective evaluations of others.

True

Acknowledging sources is an essential aspect of ethical speechmaking.

True

Active listening is focused and purposeful.

True

An active listener will try to detect the speaker's main and subordinate points.

True

An introduction serves to introduce the speech topic and demonstrate its relevance to the audience.

True

Communication skills are one of the top job skills sought by most employers.

True

Differences in dialects or accents, nonverbal cues, and physical appearance sometimes serve as cultural barriers to listening.

True

Every speech has three major parts: an introduction, the body, and a conclusion.

True

Feeling alone or different is common among novice public speakers.

True

Gaining confidence in public speaking comes through preparation and practice.

True

Giving a speech can be a satisfying and empowering experience.

True

Imagining your speech as a conversation can help you relax about public speaking.

True

Interference with the message is known as noise

True

Laziness and overconfidence occur when we expect too little from speakers, ignore important information, or display an arrogant attitude.

True

Properly channeling your nervousness can boost speech performance.

True

Public-speaking anxiety is the situation-specific social anxiety that arises from the anticipation of giving an oral presentation.

True

Racist, sexist, and ageist slurs are forms of hate speech.

True

Selective perception is a process in which listeners pay attention to certain messages and ignore others.

True

Shared meaning is the mutual understanding of a message between speaker and audience.

True

Speaking effectively can enhance your career professionally, personally, and academically.

True

The practice of oratory, or rhetoric, emerged full force in Greece in the fifth century B.C.E.

True

There are three general speech purposes: to inform, to persuade, or to mark a special occasion.

True

When evaluating evidence, the listener should determine if the speaker's sources are credible.

True

Which of the following is not a reputable watchdog site?

Wikipedia

"Have you ever been to a professional hockey game?" is an example of

a closed-ended question.

The thesis statement, the theme or central idea of a speech, should be expressed as

a single, declarative sentence

Listeners should evaluate evidence in terms of

accuracy and credibility of the source

"I'm a better candidate than X because, unlike X, I work for a living is an example of

ad hominem argument

"His character plays a rocking, rolling, rip-roaring, raging roll." This statement best illustrates which technique?

alliteration

When citing a source,

alternate phases introducing citations to help maintain a natural delivery

The first step in the speech process is

analyzing the audience

Brief stories of interesting, humorous incidents based on real life are called

ancedotes

Nancy was practicing her speech when she became overwhelmed with anxiety. She decided to simply allow herself to be anxious for a few minutes, then decided it was time to be confident about all the work she had done and resume her rehearsal. Nancy was using the anxiety-management strategy known as

anxiety stop-time technique

Effective interview questions

are a mix of closed-ended and open-ended questions

The clarity of forcefulness with which word sounds are made is known as

articulation

The first challenge faced by the speaker in the introduction of the speech is to win the audience's

attention

Our general evaluations of people, ideas, objects, or events are our

attitudes

Keeping the needs, values, attitudes, and wants of your listeners clearly in focus is being

audience-centered

"Clearly roses are the best flowers for gift giving because I see more people buying them than any other kind of flower" is an example of

bandwagoning

In her speech about youth voting turnout, Elaine wanted to show a comparison of youth voting turnout between three states. In order to best illustrate these comparisons, Elaine used a

bar graph

Boldface, underlining, and italics should

be used sparingly

A(n) _____ is a website containing journal-type entries maintained by individuals or groups.

blog

In which part of a speech should the speaker develop each main point?

body

To generate ideas for topics, use word association; it's a kind of ___________ technique.

brainstorming

To discuss a topic in terms of its underlying causes, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?

causal

To describe a series of developments in time or a set of actions that occur sequentially, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?

chronological

Memorial dedications and gatherings held in someone's home are examples of special occasion speeches that

commemorate

In which part of a speech should the speaker restate the thesis and reiterate how the main points confirm it?

conclusion

To avoid having to fix technical issues during your presentation, you should

confirm operating system compatibility ahead of time

When people disagree about the meaning of a word, they are usually responding to the word's

connotative meaning

Narratives are used to

convey a message through a story

The literal, dictionary definition of a word is its

denotative meaning

Invention refers to

discovering evidence and arguments you will use to make your case

Material that is common knowledge

does not require a citation

Communication between two people is called

dyadic communication

The typeface in a presentation should be

easy to read

One of the most successful strategies a speaker can use in inspirational speaking is

employing a dynamic speaking style

Listeners are most likely to remember and act on a speech that

ends with a strong conclusion

A speaker who uses vivid imagery

engages audience members' senses

One key to achieving effective vocal variety is

enthusiasm

You can increase the odds of successfully influencing your audience if you

establish credibility to encourage audience trust

In his speech about why people should buy used rather than new cars, Carlos provided the audience with information about his background as a used-car salesperson. Carlos employed which type of appeal?

ethos

If a medical doctor gives cutting-edge information on the threat of high cholesterol, she is providing which type of supporting material?

expert testimony

The function of a speech of acceptance is toe

express gratitude for the honor bestowed

Which type of delivery falls somewhere between impromptu and memorized?

extemporaneous

Listening distractions are

external and internal

Which aspect of the body maintains the quality of directness in speech delivery?

eye contact

The audience's response to a message is referred to as

feedback

To be effective, a speaker should practice a speech at least ______ times in its final form.

five

Using the speaking outline, how many times should you practice?

five or more

If you ask survey respondents to respond to questions with a limited choice of answers, you are asking what type of questions?

fixed-alternative

Which type of chart diagrams the progression of a process?

flowchart

Typefaces come in a variety of sets of sizes, or

fonts

The ______ speech purpose answers the question, "What is my objective in speaking on this topic to this audience on this occasion?"

general

To establish nonverbal immediacy, a speaker should

have an enthusiastic vocal delivery

Which type of delivery gives speakers the least time to gather their thoughts?

impromptu

The method of speech delivery that offers the most flexibility for the speaker is

impromptu speaking

Impromptu means

improvised and unpracticed.

Surveys are an especially effective source of support for topics related to the attitudes, values, and beliefs of the people

in a speaker's immediate environment

Socioeconomic status (SES) includes

income, occupation, education

An incorruptible speaker, or one who will not compromise the truth, possesses

inegrity

The purpose of a(n) ______ speech is to increase the audience's understanding and awareness of a topic.

informative

Defining, describing, demonstrating, and explaining are methods of

informing your audience

The rising and falling of vocal pitch across phrases and sentences is termed

intonation

What is an effective strategy for addressing a counterargument?

introduce new evidence to demonstrate that it's outdated

With sufficient practice, which outline helps the speaker deliver their speech more naturally?

key-word

Which type of graph is useful for demonstrating how something changes in value?

line graph

When speaking from a manuscript, you should

look up occasionally to establish eye contact with the audience

The body of a speech consists of

main points, supporting points, and transitions

In order to deal with a sudden distraction while you are giving a speech, you might

minimize your response and proceed as soon as possible

Slurring words together at a low level of volume and pitch is called

mumbling

To convey ideas through a story, using character, plot, settings, and imagery, use a _______ pattern of arrangement.

narrative

Effective speech delivery should be all of the following:

natural, enthusiastic, confident, and direct

"If we can build the most powerful computers in the world, we should be able to cure Alzheimer's in your lifetime" is an example of

non sequitur

How many major ideas should be present on each presentation aid?

one

The appeal to audience emotion is termed

pathos

Hate speech is offensive communication that is most often directed against

people's racial, ethnic, religious, gender, or other characteristics.

Maria wishes to show how the university budget is spent each year. To best illustrate the division of the budget, Maria should use a

pie graph

Presenting a "cut-and-paste" of someone else's material as your own is called

plagiarism

Students who earn an A average on all speech assignments should be exempt from the final exam. This statement is a claim of

policy

When rehearsing a speech, you should

practice with your speaking notes

Stephen began to panic as soon as his instructor gave the speech assignment to the class. Stephen experienced

pre-preparation anxiety

When using presentation aids

prepare to give your presentation without the aids, in case problems arise

A speaker who delivers a speech of introduction should avoid

previewing the speaker's topic

Eyewitness testimony, diary entries, interviews, and surveys are examples of ______ sources.

primary

To demonstrate the nature and significance of a problem and provide justification for a proposed solution, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?

problem-solution

______ is information presented in such a way as to provoke a specific response.

propaganda

Discerning listeners accept supporting materials as legitimate if the speaker...

provides credentials establishing the sources as reliable and credible

During the speech introduction, the audience decides whether they are interested in the topic and the speaker. To build credibility, a speaker should establish his or her

qualifications

The conclusion should not

recount each supporting point of the speech

When giving a speech with a digital presentation, you should

remember that your primary mission is tot communicate with your words

One way that a speaker can leave a lasting impression on listeners is to incorporate oral language that is artfully arranged and infused with rhythm. One device that helps a speaker accomplish this specific purpose is

repetition

The conclusion of the speech should

restate the purpose

Zach gave a persuasive speech about why people should assist homeless people in his city in order to prevent crime. According to Maslow's hierarchy, which basic need did this speech appeal to?

safety

In her presentation, Sandra encouraged her colleagues to reach their highest potential and take pride in their work. According to Maslow's hierarchy, which need did Sandra appeal to?

self-actualization

If a source used in a speech requires credit in written form, it also

should be acknowledged orally.

When designing a presentation aid, the speaker should focus on

simplicity

Listeners may perceive a speaker who slouches as

sloppy, weak and unfocused

An effective informative speech shows listeners

something they didn't previously know

What is the process a message goes through when it is received and interpreted?

source, encoding, receiver, decoding

To explain the physical arrangement of a place, an object, or an event, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?

spatial

The ______ speech purpose expresses exactly what the speaker wishes the audience to get from the speech.

specific

President John F. Kennedy's inaugural address, in which he challenged Americans, "Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country," is an example of a

speech of inspiration

The various types of external evidence include

statistics

In an outline, what kind of points support the main points?

subordinate

When citing testimony in a speech, the speaker should always

supply the name and qualifications of the source

Facts, statistics, testimonies, and narratives are all examples of

supporting materials

When actively listening, a person should

take note of the speaker's key points

A person delivering a speech who remains steadily positioned in one place behind a podium is known as a(n)

talking head

Previewing the speech in the introduction

tells the audience the order in which the main points will be addressed

An ethical speaker is conscious of ________ values.

the audience's

Pitch is

the range of sounds a speaker's voice produces, from high to low

The proper volume for delivering a speech depends on

the size of the room and number of people in the audience

In a speech of introduction, you should tell the audience something about

the speaker's background

The specific citation elements that need to be mentioned in a speech depend on...

the type of source

The goal of informative speaking is

to increase audience understanding and awareness.

Anne gives a speech to her classmates about categories of computer games. The general purpose of Anne's speech is

to inform

To have the freedom to move points around according to the way the speaker wishes to present his or her topic, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?

topical

An informative speech arranged by category is arranged

topically

A speaker who is both honest and dependable has the quality of

trustworthiness

In a presentation aid, you cannot include

uncited text excerpts

A well-organized speech is characterized by

unity, coherence, and balance

To present statistics ethically,

use only trustworthy and reputable sources

You can prepare your speech for the ear (for hearing and understanding) by

using familiar words

To describe information, a speaker should use language that is

vivid

Under what condition is being persuasive appropriate?

when you seek to change an audience's behavior

Which outline should be prepared in a full-sentence format?

working

An effectively prepared working outline should

write out full quotations and other critical information

An audience-centered approach means

you consider your audience in every phase of the speech preparation process