speech science quiz 2

on average, during quiet tidal breathing, we take approx. ______ to ______ breaths per min

12, 15

in quiet tidal breathing, tidal volume is approx. ____ % of vital capacity

15

relaxation pressure is sufficient to sustain phonation above approx. _____% vital capacity

60

the lungs are composed of

90% air and 10% solid tissue

boyle's law describes

an inverse relationship between volume and pressure

the ribs at rest

are angled downward slightly from posterior to inferior

the terms inhalation and exhalation

are equivalent to the terms inspiration and expiration

during quiet breathing, a moment of equilibrium occurs...

at the end of exhalation, just prior to inhalation

in comparing resting tidal breathing and breathing during physical exhalation, one notes that...

breathing cycles are more variable in exertional breathing than in resting breathing

exhalation is a process that allows the body to rid itself of

carbon dioxide

variables that may influence speech breathing mechanics include

cognitive- linguistic factors

if the lungs were free to move on their own and were not linked to the thoracic cavity, the lungs would naturally _______

contract

in quiet tidal breathing, the external intercostal muscles,

contract slightly, which ma help elevate the ribs outwardly and increase the transverse dimension of the lungs

at rest, the diaphragm is ____ shaped, and upon contraction the muscle is _______

convex, flattens downward

overall, as ventilatory demands increase, the length of the phrase breath group

decreases

the large muscle that forms the floor of the thoracic cavity is called the

diaphragm

the major muscles of the lower airway that function during inspiration are the ____ and the _____

diaphragm, external intercostals

the internal intercostal muscles are primarily active

during expiration

speech breathing is

e regulation of breathing for voice and speech production

in regard to lug volumes and lung capacities

each of the four lung volumes is distinct with no overlap, while each of the four lung capacities describe tow or more lung volumes

the forces that act upon the lungs and thorax to return them to their resting state after being stretched is called the ______ forces

elastic recoil

the relaxation curve is a graphic representation of.....

elastic recoil forces of the lungs at different percentage of total lung capacity

upon contraction of the rostral external intercostal muscles, the rib cage is ______ in an ______ movement

elevated, upward and outward

during the breathing cycle, when the elastic recoil forces acting to expand the thoracic cavity and contract the lungs are equal, the forces are said to be at _____

equilibrium

a phase group (synonymously, breath group) is the number of words or syllables spoked during one _____

exhalation

in quiet tidal breathing, inhalation is achieved by...

expansion of lung volume, which results in a decrease in air pressure within the bronchi, resulting in an inward flow of air, per Boyle's law

the pressure differential between the atmosphere and our lung is caused by

expansion or contraction of the lungs

resting lung volume is also called resting _____ level

expiratory

equilibrium of the elastic recoil forces of the lungs and thorax occurs at the end of inhalation, just prior to the start of exhalation

false

lung capacity is determined by the health of the individual, not by body size

false

relaxation pressure along is sometimes the solitary force that manages speech breathing

false

the lung volume typically used for soft or quiet conversational speech are significantly greater than lung volumes used for quiet tidal breathing

false

we can expand our lungs in three directions from lower to higher, laterally and

front to back

the lungs expand in the following directions

front-to-back, sideways, and lower-to-higher

respiration

generally refers to the process of gas exchange at the cellular level

boyle's law states that, given a constant temperature

if the volume of a gas is increased, the pressure will decrease

the ribs are attached to the spine in such a way as to allow the ribs to move upward and outward

in unison

in order to inhale, we must be able to _____ the volume of our lungs

increase

the braking action used to counteract relaxation pressure and provide for stable pressure for phonation is called

inspiratory checking

as lung volume decreases

inspiratory muscle force decreases, and expiratory muscle force increase

the major muscles of the lower airway that functions during exhalation is the ____

internal intercostals

the intrapleural pressure...

is positive with respect to the atmospheric pressure

residual volume

is the volume of air that can't be exhaled

when the diaphragm contracts,

it flattens downward, expanding the volume of the lungs

negative pressure means that the pressure in the lungs is ______ to atmospheric pressure

lesser

relaxation pressure is said to be ______ when the pressure is acting to expand the lungs

negative

in quiet tidal breathing, exhalation is achieved by...

passive relaxation of the elastic recoil force of the lungs

two factors that enable lung volume changes are _____ and _____

pleural linkage, elastic recoil

in order to exhale, the pressure in the lungs must be ______ with respect to the atmospheric pressure

positive

diffusion is the process of movement of molecules in a fluid from

regions of high concentration to low concentration

our breathing is driven by our body's need to

remove carbon dioxide and obtain oxygen

approx. 25% of total lung cpacity that remains in the lungs complete exhalation is called ____ volume

residual

at ______ volume, the tendency for the lungs to recoil inward is balanced by the tendency for the chest wall to expand

resting lung

increased density of air molecules

results in increased pressure because the number of molecules collisions increase

the average rate of quiet breathing- qw to 20 breaths per minute- is typically...

similar to the breathing rate during speech

the regulation of inhalation and exhalation for purposes of speech production is called

speech breathing

the bronchial tree

starts with the trachea superiorly and then divides within the left and right lungs, with each subdivision becoming smaller in diameter

the thoracic cavity is made up of the

sternum, the shoulder, the pelvis, and the lungs

another term for lung pressure is

subglottal or alveolar pressure

the major muscles of the lower airway that function in inspiration during all types of breathing is/are

the diaphragm and the external intercostals

if the lungs and thorax weren't biomedically linked and were free to move on their own...

the lungs would contract to a much smaller size and the thorax would expand to a larger side

upon contraction of the diaphragm...

the pressure on the abdominal contents is increased, pushing the abdomen outward and helping to pull outward the lower ribs and increase the lung volume

the lungs are mechanically attached to the thoracic by

the visceral pleura, which encases the outside of the lungs, and the parietal pleura, attached to the inside of the thoracic cavity, and the pleural fluid between the two membranes

which of the following statements about tidal volume is true?

tidal volume is the volume of air exchanged during a single cycle of breathing is aprox. 15% of vital capacity in quiet tidal breathing

lung capacity

total lung capacity is the maximum volume of air that the lungs can half, but about 25% of that air can't be exhaled

the pulmonary system is composed of the

trachea, bronchia tree, and lungs

the pulmonary system is composed of the _____, ______, and the lungs

trachea, bronchial tree

the pressure difference between the atmospheric and the alveoli is called the _____ pressure

transthoracic

If the thorax expands or contracts, the lungs must similarly expand or contract due to the pleural linkage.

true

muscles of the neck, shoulder, abdomen, and back become engaged and assist in breathing

true

the diaphragm is generally considered the primary muscle of inhalation

true

the muscles of the neck, chest, back, and abdominal wall contribute to change in lung volume through expansion and contraction of the thoracic cavity and also help to stabilize posture

true

the presence of millions of air filled alveoli in the lungs contributes significantly to the elasticity of the lungs

true

contraction of the external intercostal muscles result in

upward and outward expansion of the rib cage, expanding the volume of the lungs

the _____ pleura is a membrane that encases each lung

visceral

resting lung volume is located at approx. ____% of vital capacity

38

the point at which the elastic recoil forces of the lungs and thorax are balanced occurs between _____ % and ______% of vital capacity

38,40

resting lung volume generally occurs at approx.

38-40% of vital capacity

external intercostal muscles

a series of muscle between each pair of ribs that are angled inferiorly and anteriorly

the lungs are composed of approx. 90% _____ and about 10%______

air, tissue

at the end of each terminal bronchiole are clusters of microscopic air-filled sacs called

alveoli