SPH 107 MIDTERM

plagiarism that occurs when a speaker uses an entire work that is not his/her own. Hate Language Hate language is the use of words or phrases that isolate a particular person or group in a derogatory manner. A. Global B. Patchwork C. Incremental

A. Global

What are the differences in informative and persuasive speech goals? A. Informative speeches explain, describe, define, or demonstrate. Persuasive speeches attempt to influence audience choices. B. Persuasive speeches explain, describe, define, or demonstrate. Informative speeches attempt to influence audience choices.

A. Informative speeches explain, describe, define, or demonstrate. Persuasive speeches attempt to influence audience choices.

Changing your attitude is only one element in overcoming Communication Apprehension. What is the other? A. The other involves improving your skills as a speaker and takes time, patience, and practice. B. Wearing a wild outfit. C. Avoiding speaking situations.

A. The other involves improving your skills as a speaker and takes

Dialectic can be defined as a debate intended to resolve a conflict between two contradictory (or polar opposites), or apparently contradictory ideas or elements logically, establishing truths on both sides rather than disproving one argument. Both rhetoric and dialectic are forms of critical analysis. A. True B. False

A. True

Ethical Standards are rules of acceptable conduct, that when followed, promote values such as trust, good behavior, fairness and/or kindness. A. True B. False

A. True

In assessing your audience, Likert-type testing is when you make a statement, and ask the respondent to gauge the depth of their sentiments toward that statement either positively or negatively, or neutrally. A. True B. False

A. True

Informational Listening is listening to learn information. For instance, this is the kind of listening students employ in classroom settings to gain knowledge about a topic. A. True B. False

A. True

Paralanguage refers to the vocal cues that accompany spoken language such as volume, rate and pitch. A. True B. False

A. True

Power distance refers to the degree to which the culture believes that institutional and organizational power should be distributed unequally and the decisions of the power holders should be challenged or accepted. A. True B. False

A. True

Rhetoric, as defined by Aristotle, is the "faculty of discovering in the particular case all the available means of persuasion" A. True B. False

A. True

Speakers who show enthusiasm for their topic focus their audience's attention on the message. A. True B. False

A. True

The element of context includes the actual physical setting where communication occurs and the type of relationships we have with others and the communicative rules that govern those relationships. A. True B. False

A. True

The speaking competency of writing a strong introduction means that it contains an excellent attention-getter, firmly establishes the speaker's credibility, provides a sound orientation to the topic, states the thesis clearly, and previews the points in a cogent and memorable way. A. True B. False

A. True

Trait-anxiety means a type of anxiety that is aligned with an individual's personality and state-anxiety means a type of anxiety that is derived from the external situation which individuals find themselves. A. True B. False

A. True

When practicing a speech, the speaker should try to simulate the actual speech setting. A. True B. False

A. True

refers to message interference that results from differences in peoples' worldviews A. Cultural B. Physical C. Psychological D. Physiological

A. cultural noise

Which nonverbal behavior is most important in maintaining the quality of directness in speech delivery? A. eye contact B. facial expressions C. gestures D. body postures

A. eye contact

speaking from manuscript A. is useful for conveying very precise messages. B. encourages eye contact. C. encourages naturalness. D. is best in informal settings.

A. is useful for conveying very precise messages.

Unlike Socrates and Plato, the sophists believed in ________________________, which means that absolute truth was unknowable and perhaps nonexistent, especially in the sphere of forensics and political life, where no universal principles could be accepted. A. philosophical relativism B. oratory C. dialectic

A. philosophical relativism

Audience analysis is the process of gathering and analyzing information about listeners. A. true B. False

A. true

The speaking competency of selecting a topic that is appropriate to the audience and the occasion means the speaker's topic will engage the audience and will offer information not already known to the audience. A. True B. False

A. true

Which of the following would be considered an attitude rather than a belief or a value? A. "I believe in God." B. "I like rap music." C. "Honesty is essential to friendship." D. "Life should be financially secure."

B. "I like rap music."

What is information overload? A. Too many cat videos. B. An overwhelming feeling of being faced with so much information one cannot completely process it. C. The use of facts, stories, or forms of expression to maintain an audience's attention. D. An attention getting technique whereby supporting ideas are compared to emphasize difference

B. An overwhelming feeling of being faced with so much information one cannot completely process it.

Listening for entertainment or pleasure purposes. This is the type of listening we might employ listening to music, watching television, or viewing a movie. A. Empathetic B. Appreciative C. Critical D. Informational

B. Appreciative

Athenian democracy was born in the year 630 B.C., when the last tyrant of Attica, ________, seized the Acropolis, which was the seat of government in Athens, and established himself as the ruler of all Attica. He was overthrown within weeks by farmers and heavily armed foot soldiers known as hoplites. A. Homer B. Ceylon C. Aristotle D. Mr. Burns

B. Ceylon

When we are listening, aiming to gain information with which we will evaluate a speaker, or the product or proposal the speaker is endorsing. This is often employed when we are looking to make choices, or find points of disagreement with a speaker. A. Empathetic B. Critical C. Relational D. Informational

B. Critical

refers to the process of taking an idea or mental image, associating that image with words, and then speaking those words in order to convey a message A. Listening B. Encoding C. Decoding D. Channel

B. Encoding

It is important for a speaker to understand an audience's beliefs and attitudes, but not their values. A. True B. False

B. False

Which of the following demonstrate nonverbal behavior that supports the verbal message? A. Rocking from one foot to the other during the speech. B. Looking at the audience 90% of the time and at your notes only 10% C. Leaning on the lectern

B. Looking at the audience 90% of the time and at your notes only 10%

plagiarism that occurs when one patches together bits and pieces from one or more sources and represents the end result as his or her own. A. Global B. Patchwork C. Incremental

B. Patchwork

What are the three different speech purposes? A. To persuade, to argue, and to entertain B. To inform, to persuade, and to commemorate or entertain. C. To inform, to demonstrate, and to persuade

B. To inform, to persuade, and to commemorate or entertain.

One of the most effective ways to hold an audience's attention, as well as to accurately convey meaning, is to vary _______________. A. vocal fillers B. pacing (speaking rate) and pitch (intonation) C. pronunciation D. articulation

B. pacing (speaking rate) and pitch (intonation)

By and large, few behaviors are more effective at building a solid rapport with an audience than A. shaking hands. B. smiling directly at them. C. serious facial expressions. D. self-deprecation.

B. smiling directly at them.

"Investing in a hybrid vehicle can help the environment." This sentence is an example of a(n) A. general purpose B. thesis statement

B. thesis statement

Which of the following titles most likely represents a speech of demonstration? A. "Martin Luther King, Jr.:The Man Who Had a Dream" B. "It's Not Just About the Playground: Causes and Effects of Internet Bullying" C. "It's Easy as Pie: How to Make the Perfect Pastry" D. "Who Needs Oil?:Benefits of Alternative Fuels

C. "It's Easy as Pie: How to Make the Perfect Pastry"

What percentage of the general population is likely dealing with a high degree of Communication Apprehension? A. 2% B. 90% C. 20% D. 50%

C. 20%

One's frame of reference is the context, viewpoint, or set of presuppositions or evaluative criteria within which a person's perception and thinking seem always to occur; and which constrains selectively the course and outcome of these activities. Which type or types of frame of reference were mentioned in the chapter? A. Habitual frame of reference which usually comes from a combination of personal experiences and what has been witnessed B. Personal frame of reference C. Both A. and B.

C. Both A. and B.

In 621 B.C, who began the tradition of law, where cases were decided on clearly enunciated crimes and penalties determined by statute rather than by the whims of the nobility? His laws helped constitute a surge in Athenian democracy. A. Pericles B. Homer C. Draco D. Hermione

C. Draco

plagiarism that occurs when most of the speech is the speaker's original work, but quotes or other information have been used without being cited. A. Patchwork B. Global C. Incremental

C. Incremental

Empathetic Listening is a level of relationship listening that aims to help the speaker feel heard and understand, also appreciated. This is also known as _______________listening as it is employed most often by counselors, conflict mediators, or religious representatives. A. Critical B. Hearing C. Therapeutic

C. Therapeutic

Nonverbal communication A. diminishes the meaning of verbal messages. B. complicates feedback between speaker and audience. C. can help increase speaker credibility. D. increases the ultimate pitch of a speech.

C. can help increase speaker credibility.

A speaker who uses the scanning technique often employs the "rule of three," which involves A. a technique similar to "pick six." B. focusing on the three nearest listeners. C. choosing three audience members to focus on in three different areas of the room. D. reiterating the speech's main points three times during the speech.

C. choosing three audience members to focus on in three different areas of the room.

falls somewhere between impromptu and written or memorized delivery and allows the speaker to both prepare and respond to audience feedback. A. unpracticed delivery B. oratory C. extemporaneous delivery D. elocutionary delivery

C. extemporaneous delivery

Which type of delivery is unpracticed and involves speaking on relatively short notice with little time to prepare? A. memorized B. manuscript C. impromptu D. extemporaneous

C. impromptu

Effective speech delivery should include all of the following elements: A. monotone, self-deprecating, and comfortable. B. self-deprecating and abstract. C. natural, enthusiastic, confident, and direct. D. extremely formal and animated

C. natural, enthusiastic, confident, and direct.

The formal name for speaking from memory is A. impromptu B. manuscript C. oratory D. dialogic

C. oratory

Which of the following would not be considered a demographic characteristic? A. gender B. ethnic or cultural background C. self-esteem D. religion

C. self-esteem

Relational Listening is the active and involved listening we do with people we love and care about. This is listening where we: A. Acknowledge our sympathy for the speaker, B. Encourage them to tell more, C. Build trust with friends or family members by showing interest in their concerns. D. All of the above.

D. All of the above.

What is the difference between the linear and transactional model of communication? A. In the linear model, communication is seen as a one-way process of transmitting a message from one person to another person B. In the transactional model, communication is seen as an ongoing, circular process. We are constantly affecting and are affected by those we communicate with. C. The transactional model has a number of interdependent processes and components, including the encoding and decoding processes, the communicator, the message, the channel and noise. D. All of the above.

D. All of the above.

What are some techniques for building confidence suggested either in the chapter or in Amy Cuddy's Ted Talk? A. Rehearsing in conditions similar to the ones you will be speaking in, practicing out loud and with a listener, for example B. Visualize success, not failure C. Power Posing before you present your speech D. All of the the Above

D. All of the the Above

It was during the reign of Pericles, from 461 B.C. to 429 B.C., that Athens achieved which of these? A. a liberalized judicial system to include poor citizens so that they could serve on juries, B. the establishment of a popular legislative assembly to review annually all laws and established the right for any Athenian citizen to propose or oppose a law during assembly C. Athens the center of western civilization - and with it came the need for public speaking. D. All of the the above

D. All of the the above

An ethical listener is one who A. Actively interprets shared material and analyzes the content and speaker's effectiveness. B. Communicates respect for the speaker by preparing to listen. C. Communicates respect for the speaker by listening with his or her whole body. D. All of the the above.

D. All of the the above.

a word, concept, or idea that causes the listener to react emotionally. When listeners react to a speaker from an emotional perspective, their ability to listen effectively is compromised. A. Deaf Spot B. Communication Loop C. Constructive Feedback D. Emotional Trigger

D. Emotional Trigger

Which of these are overarching methods (or "paradigms") for doing an audience analysis: A. audience analysis by direct observation B. audience analysis by inference C. audience analysis through data collection D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Researching your speech topic by using a library's online portal will ensure that your sources are A. popular B. limited C. provocative D. credible

D. credible

Which of the following is not a category of informative topics? A. objects B. events C. concepts D. options

D. options

The use of _____________ can enhance meaning by providing a type of punctuation, emphasizing a point, or drawing attention to a key thought. A. vocal fillers B. dialects C. pitches D. pauses

D. pauses