SPM Chapter 9

____________________ causes people to do something for a reward or to avoid a penalty.

Extrinsic motivation

Project managers do not need to continually assess their team's performance.

False

____ is best known for distinguishing between motivational factors and hygiene factors when considering motivation in work settings. a. Frederick Herzberg c. Abraham Maslow b. David McClelland d. Douglas McGregor

Frederick Herzberg

____ found that people were motivated to work mostly by feelings of personal achievement and recognition. a. Maslow c. McClelland b. McGregor d. Herzberg

Herzberg

A(n) ____________________ is a specific type of organizational chart that shows which organizational units are responsible for which work items.

OBS - organizational breakdown structure - organizational breakdown structure (OBS)

The ____________________ allocates work to responsible and performing organizations, teams, or individuals, depending on the desired level of detail.

RAM - responsibility assignment matrix - responsibility assignment matrix (RAM)

____ is based on an individual's personal charisma. a. Legitimate power c. Reward power b. Coercive power d. Referent power

Referent power

____ refers to the amount of individual resources an existing schedule requires during specific time periods. a. Resource loading c. Resource allocation b. Resource leveling d. Resource requesting

Resource loading

____ involves using incentives to induce people to do things. a. Legitimate power c. Reward power b. Coercive power d. Referent power

Reward power

The bottom four needs in Maslow's structure are referred to as ____ needs. a. self-actualization c. safety b. deficiency d. growth

deficiency

Resource ____________________ aims to minimize period-by-period variations in resource loading by shifting tasks within their slack allowances.

leveling

A(n) ____ is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to a project over time. a. responsibility assignment matrix c. RACI charts b. resource histogram d. organizational breakdown structure

resource histogram

In the Tuckman model, ____ occurs as team members have different opinions as to how the team should operate. a. performing c. forming b. norming d. storming

storming

Human resource management includes ____ processes. a. three c. five b. four d. six

four

If organizations want to be successful at implementing information technology projects, they need to understand the importance of project ____________________ and take actions to make effective use of people.

human resource management

Psychosocial issues that affect how people work and how well they work include ____________________, influence and power, and effectiveness.

motivation

Herzberg called factors that cause job satisfaction ____________________.

motivators

At the bottom of Maslow's structure are ____ needs. a. esteem c. physiological b. self-actualization d. social

physiological

Project managers should limit the size of work teams to eight to ten members.

False

If companies plan their projects well, they can avoid the need for overtime, or they can make it clear that overtime is optional.

True

Most project managers agree that managing human resources effectively is one of the toughest challenges they face.

True

One innovative approach to hiring and retaining information technology staff is to offer existing employees incentives for helping recruit and retain personnel.

True

People who need institutional power or social power want to organize others to further the goals of the organization.

True

Project managers often do not have control over project staff who report to them.

True

Project managers often recommend that people take specific training courses to improve individual and team development.

True

Resource leveling results in fewer problems for project personnel and accounting departments.

True

Thamhain and Wilemon found that when project managers used work challenge and expertise to influence people, projects were more likely to succeed.

True

The first dimension of psychological type in the MBTI signifies whether people draw their energy from other people (extroverts) or from inside themselves (introverts).

True

People who need personal ____ want to direct others and can be seen as bossy. a. affiliation c. power b. advancement d. achievement

achievement

____ involves identifying and documenting project roles, responsibilities, and reporting relationships. a. Developing the human resource plan c. Acquiring the project team b. Developing the project team d. Managing the project team

Developing the human resource plan

____ involves building individual and group skills to enhance project performance. a. Developing the human resource plan c. Acquiring the project team b. Developing the project team d. Managing the project team

Developing the project team

A RAM should only be used to assign detailed work activities.

False

Extrinsic motivation causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment.

False

Maslow suggests that each level of the hierarchy of needs is not necessarily a prerequisite for the levels above.

False

When resources are used on a more constant basis, they require more management.

False

____ involves tracking team member performance, motivating team members, providing timely feedback, resolving issues and conflicts, and coordinating changes to help enhance project performance. a. Developing the human resource plan c. Acquiring the project team b. Developing the project team d. Managing the project team

Managing the project team

____________________ means more resources than are available are assigned to perform work at a given time.

Overallocation

____________________ is the potential ability to influence behavior to get people to do things they would not otherwise do.

Power

____________________ is a relation of harmony, conformity, accord, or affinity.

Rapport

____________________ are responsible for managing the subprojects into which a large project might be divided.

Subproject managers

____________________ is the concept that the whole is equal to more than the sum of its parts.

Synergy

The ____ presents subjects with a series of ambiguous pictures and asks them to develop a spontaneous story for each picture, assuming they will project their own needs into the story. a. RAM c. TAT b. MBTI d. RACI

TAT

The ____________________ is a tool to measure the individual needs of different people using McClelland's categories.

TAT - Thematic Apperception Test - Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Managers who believe in McGregor's ____________________ assume that individuals do not inherently dislike work, but consider it as natural as play or rest.

Theory Y

The main outputs of ____ process are team performance assessments and enterprise environmental factors update. a. managing the project team c. developing the project team b. acquiring the project team d. human resource planning

developing the project team

The highest level of needs in Maslow's structure is referred to as a ____ need. a. deficiency c. safety b. growth d. physiological

growth

The ____________________ often includes an organizational chart for the project, detailed information on roles and responsibilities, and a staffing management plan.

human resource plan

Many project managers keep a(n) ____________________ to document, monitor, and track issues that need to be resolved for the project team to work effectively.

issue log

Covey, like Maslow, believes that people have the ability to be ____________________ and choose their responses to different situations.

proactive

____ is matching certain behaviors of the other person. a. Empathic listening c. Synergy b. Rapport d. Mirroring

Mirroring

If a certain resource is overallocated, the project manager can change the schedule to remove resource overallocation.

True

People with a high need for ____ seek to excel and tend to avoid both low-risk and high-risk situations to improve their chances for achieving something worthwhile. a. affiliation c. power b. money d. achievement

achievement

Key outputs of ____ process are project staff assignments, resource calendars, and project management plan updates. a. managing the project team c. developing the project team b. acquiring the project team d. developing the human resource plan

acquiring the project team

Psychologist David Merril describes ____ as reactive and people-oriented. a. "Expressives" c. "Analyticals" b. "Drivers" d. "Amiables"

"Amiables" COMPLETION

____ fill in for project managers in their absence and assist them as needed. a. Deputy project managers c. Assistant project managers b. Subproject managers d. Second-tier project managers

Deputy project managers

____ is best known for developing Theory X and Theory Y. a. Frederick Herzberg c. Abraham Maslow b. David McClelland d. Douglas McGregor

Douglas McGregor

____ is at the top of Maslow's structure. a. Esteem c. Physiological b. Self-actualization d. Social

Self-actualization

Only after meeting ____________________ needs can individuals act upon growth needs.

deficiency

Psychologist David Merril describes ____ as reactive and task-oriented. a. "Expressives" c. "Analyticals" b. "Drivers" d. "Amiables"

"Analyticals"

____ proposed that an individual's specific needs are acquired or learned over time and shaped by life experiences. a. Frederick Herzberg c. Abraham Maslow b. David McClelland d. Douglas McGregor

David McClelland

____________________ is listening with the intent to understand.

Empathic listening

Legitimate power involves using personal knowledge and expertise to get people to change their behavior.

False

As the job market changes, people should upgrade their skills to remain marketable and flexible.

True

Schedules tend to focus primarily on time rather than on both time and resources.

True

The first step in the framework for defining and assigning work is ____. a. defining how the work will be accomplished b. breaking down the work into manageable elements c. finalizing the project requirements d. assigning work responsibilities

finalizing the project requirements

Hiring managers say interpersonal skills are the least important soft skill for information technology workers.

False

____________________ is getting people to do things based on a position of authority.

Legitimate power

People with a high need for ____ desire harmonious relationships with other people and need to feel accepted by others. a. affiliation c. power b. money d. achievement

affiliation

A responsibility assignment matrix (RAM) is a matrix that maps the work of the project as described in the OBS to the people responsible for performing the work as described in the WBS.

False

According to Herzberg, hygiene factors such as larger salaries, more supervision, or a more attractive work environment would motivate workers to do more if present.

False

Assignment, budget, promotion, money, and penalty influence bases are automatically available to project managers as part of their position.

False

People who believe in Theory Y assume that workers dislike and avoid work if possible, so managers must use coercion, threats, and various control schemes to get workers to make adequate efforts to meet objectives.

False

Smaller information technology projects usually have deputy project managers or subproject managers.

False

Team-building skills are often not a challenge for many project managers.

False

The global job market for information technology workers is contracting.

False

Some organizations use ____________________ to show Responsibility, Accountability, Consultation, and Informed roles for project stakeholders.

RACI charts

A(n) ____________________ or draft contract often provides the basis for defining and finalizing work requirements.

RFP - Request for Proposal - Request for Proposal (RFP)

____ is a technique for resolving resource conflicts by delaying tasks. a. Resource loading c. Resource allocation b. Resource leveling d. Resource requesting

Resource leveling

Which of Covey's habits does Douglas Ross suggest differentiates good project managers from average or poor project managers? a. Think win/win b. Seek first to understand, then to be understood c. Begin with the end in mind d. Synergize

Seek first to understand, then to be understood

People who believe in ____ assume that the average worker wants to be directed and prefers to avoid responsibility. a. Theory W c. Theory Y b. Theory X d. Theory Z

Theory X

____ emphasizes things such as job rotation, broadening of skills, generalization versus specialization, and the need for continuous training of workers. a. Theory W c. Theory Y b. Theory X d. Theory Z

Theory Z

A staffing management plan describes when and how people will be added to and taken off the project team.

True

Many highly qualified information technology workers lost their jobs in the past few years.

True

Maslow's hierarchy of needs states that people's behaviors are guided or motivated by a sequence of needs.

True

In the Tuckman model, ____ occurs when the emphasis is on reaching the team goals, rather than working on team process. a. performing c. forming b. norming d. storming

performing

According to Thamhain and Wilemon, ____ is the ability to improve a worker's position. a. authority c. expertise b. assignment d. promotion

promotion

____ involves using punishment, threats, or other negative approaches to get people to do things they do not want to do. a. Legitimate power c. Reward power b. Coercive power d. Referent power

Coercive power

The ____________________ is a popular tool for determining personality preferences.

MBTI - Myers-Briggs Type Indicator - Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

According to Thamhain and Wilemon, ____ is the legitimate hierarchical right to issue orders. a. authority c. expertise b. assignment d. promotion

authority

In the MBTI, the ____ dimension relates to the manner in which you gather information. a. Extrovert/Introvert c. Judgment/Perception b. Thinking/Feeling d. Sensation/Intuition

Sensation/Intuition

Abraham Maslow, a highly respected psychologist, rejected the dehumanizing negativism of psychology in the ____. a. 1940s c. 1960s b. 1950s d. 1970s

1950s

There are ____________________ main types of power, based on French and Raven's classic study, "The Bases of Social Power."

5

____ is best known for developing a hierarchy of needs. a. Frederick Herzberg c. Abraham Maslow b. David McClelland d. Douglas McGregor

Abraham Maslow

____________________ should receive frequent performance feedback, and although money is not an important motivator to them, it is an effective form of feedback.

Achievers

____ involves getting the needed personnel assigned to and working on the project. a. Developing the human resource plan c. Acquiring the project team b. Developing the project team d. Managing the project team

Acquiring the project team