Sprinkler Study Guide
Records are required for all inspection, tests, and maintenance. Records may be stored electronically, and are required to indicate the folowing
The procedure being performed The organization performing the procedure The required Frequency of the procedure Th results and date of the procedure The name and contact info of the qualified contractor or owner, including the lead person for the procedure
Within the cabinet, the hose connections shall be located to that there
are at least 2 inches between any part of the cabinet, other than the door and the handle of the valve is in any position
Property owner is required to notify who when system is shutdown
AHJ FD Monitoring
Unless otherwise stated by AHJ
FDCs shall have two 2 1/2 in internally threaded swivel fittings
Home fire timeline at 8-10 minutes
Fire fighters open hose nozzles
Horizontal standpipe
Horizontal portion of the system piping that delivers the water supply for tow or more hose connections, and sprinklers on a combined systems, on a single level
Home fire timeline at 1 1/2 minutes or less
Deadly heat, flames and smoke are controlled Smoke alarm activates, fire sprinkler activates,
FDC install requirements for manual dry standpipe
Directly connected to system piping with a check valve in the piping
Stand-alone sprinkler system
A sprinkler system where the aboveground piping serves only fire sprinklers
Class 3 standpipe
A system that provide 1 1/2 in hose stations to supply water for use by trained personnel and 2 1/2 hose connections to supply a larger volume of water for use by fd
If a pump is the water supply source for a sprinkler system, but is not a portion of the domestic water supply, the following is required
A test connection downstream of the pump to create a flow of water equal to the smallest sprinkler on the system returning water to the tank Pump motors using ac power connected to a 240v normal circuit and wired per NFPA 70 requirements Any disconnecting means for the pump shall be approved The pump is not permitted to sit directly on the floor and must be located at least 1 1/2 in off the floor
Flashover
A transition phase in a compartment fire that occurs when heat from a fire is absorbed into a building and its contents, heating up the combustible gases and contents to their auto-ignition temp, which then triggers sudden combustion
Network system
A type of multipurpose system utilizing a common piping system supplying domestic fixtures and fire sprinklers where each sprinkler is supplied by a min of three separate paths
Passive purge sprinkler system
A type of sprinkler system that serves a single toilet in addition to the fire sprinklers
While sprinklers system components must be listed what can be unlisted, but must have their mechanical integrity proven
Pumps, hangers, waterflow detection devices, and valves
NFPA 13D assumes that
appropriate smoke detectors are used in conjunction with properly installed operation smoke detectors
Class 1 standpipe systems in high rise buildings
are required to be auto or semi-auto (manual not allowed)
Dry sprinklers that have been in service for 10 years
are required to be replaced (or sample tested, repeated every 10 years)
NFPA 13 R defines a shadow area
as the dry floor area within the protection area of a sprinkler
Class 2 standpipe systems must be designed for a
min flow of 100 gpm at the hydraulically most remote connection
Non-metallic pipe used in wet pipe sprinklers systems not equiipped with an FDC and provided with a pressure-reducing valve set no higher than 80psi
must be able to withstand a working pressure of not less than 130 psi at 120f and 100psi at 180f
Requirements applying rubber-gasketed outlet fittings used in standpipe systems
must be installed per the listing and manufacturer's install instructions must have all disks retrieved must have smooth bores cut into the pipe, with all cutting residue removed must no be modified
Fire pumps per NFPA 13R
need to conform to NFPA 20
Quick response sprinklers are permitted in dwelling units if
no more than four sprinklers are in the dwelling
Sprinklers are required to be inspected from the floor level on an annual basis. Confirm the following during sprinkler inspection
no signs of leakage Free of corrosion, foreign materials, pant, and physical damage Installed in the correct orientation
Control valves used in the systems must be listed indicating valves and must
not close in less than 5 seconds. This is to prevent water hammer/stress on the system
Fire pumps per nfpa 13d does
not need to satisfy NFPA 20 requirements
FDC install requirements for automatic wet/manual wet standpipe systems
on the system side of system control valve, check valve, or any pump, but on the supply side of any isolating valves
Residential sprinklers can only be used
on wet systems unless specifically listed for other use
Dwelling unit
one or more rooms arranged for the use of one or more individuals living together, as in a single housekeeping unit normally having cooking, living, sanitary, and sleeping facilities
Stand pipe hose connections must be
positioned within 3-5 feet from the floor
Feed main
the portion of a standpipe system that supplies water to one or more standpipes
Standpipe hose valve
the valve to an individual hose connection
If two or more standpipes are installed in the same building or the same section of the building
then they are required to be interconnected
class 2 and 3 standpipe systems are required
to be automatic wet systems, unless freezing is a concern
FDCs are not permitted
to be installed on the suction side of fire pumps
Dry standpipes are required
to be monitored with supervisory air pressure
NFPA 13 states that wet systems in residential sprinklers shall only be used in the following situations
unless specifically listed for use in dry systems or preaction systems if the min operating pressure exceed 7psi when the piping iss maintained above 40f
Bathroom
within a dwelling unit, any room or compartment containing a lavatory dedicated to person hygiene, or a water closet, or bathing capability such as a shower or tub, or any combination of facilities thereof
Standpipe
vertically from floor to floor
Home fire timeline at 5-8 minutes
without sprinkles fire growth in unrestricted
Per nfpa 13R requirements, quick-response sprinklers are permitted for use in mechanical closets. The minimum discharge for these sprinklers is
0.10 gpm ft squared
manual standpipes are to be sized to provide
100 psi at the topmost outlet, using fd pumper
Class 2 max hose travel distance
120 feet max for hoses smaller than 1 1/2 in 130 feet max for hoses of 1 1/2 in
Ordinary temp rating
135f to 170f
ordinary sprinklers are set for temp of
135f to 170f
Intermediate temp rating
175f to 225f
All sprinklers manufacture before __________ are required to be replaced
1920
For all new stand pipe systems the hydrostatic test requirement is
200 psi for two hours or 50 psi above the max pressure, whichever is greater
Standard for the installation of sprinkler systems in low-rise residential occupancies up to and including fours stories in height, in buildings not exceeding 60ft in height above grade plane
NFPA 13R 2016
NFPA 14, valves in feed mains are required to supervised in the open position using one of the following
A central station, proprietary, or remote station signaling service A local signaling service that initiates an audible signal at a constantly attended location Locking of valves in the open position Sealing of valves and an approved weekly recorded inspection where valves are located within fenced enclosures under the control of the owner
Hose station
A combination of a hose rack or reel, hose nozzle, hose, and hose connection
Pressure gauges are required to be installed above and below each of the following
Alarm check valve Dry pipe valve Deluge valve Backflow prevention device System riser check valve
To prevent standpipes from freezing
Antifreeze solutions are not permitted, listed heat tracing is permitted protection
an approved pressure gauge with a connection at least 1/4 in is required to be installed at the following locations:
At each discharge pipe from the fire pump and the public waterworks At the pressure tank At each main drain connection At the air pump supplying the pressure tank At the top of each standpipe system
A pressure gauge with a connection no smaller than 1/4 in is required in the following locations
At the system main drain At each main drain associated with a floor control valve On the inlet and outlet side of each pressure-reducing valve Each gauge connection is required to have a shut-off valve and provisions for draining
When testing sprinklers, a representative sample shall
Consist of a min of not less than four sprinklers, or 1% of the number of sprinklers per individual sprinkler system (whichever is greater)
If any sprinkler has the following, it is reuired to be replaced
Leakage Corrosion Physical damage Loss of fluid in the glass bulb Loading Painting not by manufacture
Non-metallic piping or fittings used in multi-purpose system with no FDC
May be designed to withstand a min working pressure of 130psi
Standard for the installation of sprinklers systems in one and two family dwellings and manufactured homes
NFPA 13D 2016
This chapter defines the requirements for the system water supply for dwellings
NFPA 13D chapter 6
Main goals of NFPA 13D
Number one goal is preventing flashover in the room of origin Number two goal in property conservation
FDC install requirements for auto dry standpipe system
On the system side of the control valve and check valve, and the supply side of the dry pipe valve
FDC install requirements for for semi-auto dry standpipe
On the system side of the deluge valve
For non=metallic pipe used in wet pipe systems, if the max static pressure from the water supply is less than or equal to 80psi
Pipe designed to withstand a working pressure of not less than 130 psi at 120f and 100psi at 180f is permitted to be used without a pressure-reducing valve
NFPA 13D spare sprinkler requirements
Ther is no requirement for spare sprinklers
The purpose of a standpipe system is to
allow fire fighters to connect to a hose to a water source and manually fight a fire without having to run the hose all the way from the street
Home fire timeline at 2-3 minutes
Without sprinklers odds of escaping decrease drastically
High rise building
a building where the floor of an occupiable story is greater than 75ft above the lowest level of fd vehicle access
A stand pipe system is
a fire hydrant system inside a building
Standpipe pressure control valve
a pilot operated pressure reducing valve designed for the purpose of reducing the downstream water pressure to a specific value under both residual and static conditions
Multipurpose piping system
a piping system intended to serve both domestic needs in excess of a single fixture and fire protection needs from one common piping system through out the dwelling unit(s)
In all closets and compartments no greater than 400ft cubed
a single sprinkler at the highest ceiling space is sufficient
Compartment
a space completely enclosed by wall and a ceiling. Each wall in the compartment is permitted to have openings to an adjoining space if the openings have a min lintel depth of 8in from the ceiling, and the total width of the openings in each wall does not exceed 8ft in width. A single opening of 36in or less in width without a lintel is permitted when there are no other openings to adjoing space
Combined system
a standpipe system having piping that supplies both hose connections and automatic sprinklers
Class 2 standpipe
a system that provides 1 1/2 in hose stations to supply water for use primarily by trained personnel or by the fire department during initial response
class 1 standpipe
a system that provides a 2 1/2 in hose connections to supply water for use by fire departments
Standpipe control valve
a valve controlling flow to water based-fire protection systems. Control valve do not include hose valves, inspector valves, drain valves, trim valves, preaction/deluge valve, check valves, or relief valves
Standpipe pressure reducing valve
a valve designed for the purpose of reducing the downstream water pressure under both residual and static conditions
Standpipe system zone
a vertical subdivision of a standpipe system limited or determined by the pressure limitations of the system components
FDCs are to be listed for
a working pressure equal to or greater than the pressure requirements of the system demand
At least one auto supply must have
at least a 10 minute duration
High rise systems must usually contain
at least two remotely located FDCs
Types of standpipes
auto dry auto wet semi-auto dry (deluge, preaction) manual dry Manual wet
Standpipe max system pressure
cannot exceed 350 psi unless approved
Residential acceptable water supplies
city main, a gravity tank, a pressure tank, or an auto pump, well with a pump
Home fire timeline at 3-5 minutes
flashover occurs, everyone dead
The supply for residential sprinkler systems need to be able to supply the system
for a minimum of 30 minutes
Pipe and fittings must withstand a working pressure
greater than 175 psi
The maximum size of a sprinkler system on a single floor of a building
is 52,000 ft square
the min radius of a bend
is six pipe diameter for 2in and smaller, and five pipe diameters for 2 1/2 in and larger
The intent of NFPA 13 R
is to provide a higher degree of life safety and property protection for inhabitants of low-rise, residential facilities
When copper is used for wet or antifreeze systems
it can be soldered or brazed
In the case of standpipe systems, all material must be listed, unless
it does not affect system performance, such as drain piping and valves
If a sprinkler has been in service for 50 years
it is required to be replaced or samples from one or more sample areas tested. The test is required to be repeated every 10 years
When copper is used for dry or preaction systems
it must be brazed
NFPA 13D is used for designing sprinkler system to
protect a residence from a fire that originates from a single location, improving protection of life, with the number one goal of preventing flashover
Class 1 and 3 standpipes that supply three or more hose connections
required to provide a min of 250 pgm
NFPA 13 R covers the design and install of sprinkler systems for
residential occupancies up to and including four stories in height
If the max static pressure from the water suppl is less than or = to 80psi, pipe designed to withstand a working pressure of not less than
than 130 psi at 120f and 100 psi at 180f is permitted to be used without a pressure reducing valve
