SPTE 110 Final

Hooliganism ... most common in what sport?

- common in European sports; wild fans who are proud to be crazy - More well known in soccer than any other sport (UK and Great Britain)

Why are these drugs used?

-Accepted Medical Uses -To Enhance Athletic Performance -To Improve Appearance

Agencies in the US govt. -- what they do to promote sport and HEALTH (setting standards for how much physical activity/quality of life benefits)

-CDC= division of the department of health and human services (ROLE in SPORT= Links research on physical activity and quality of life) -Kids: at least 1 hour of daily aerobic activity -Adults: least 150 minutes of weekly moderate-intensity activity -Presidents council on fitness

organizations that use sport to promote religion

-FCA -Athletes in Action -Pro Athletes Outreach -National Christian College Athletic Association

Sport as Opiate of the Masses

-Govt. uses sport to distract people from societal inequities -Sport is used to rally citizens for a united cause in both developed and developing countries.

short term v. long term effects of PEDs

-Many short-term effects are reversible when use ceases. -Long-Term Effects not very well documented. -First are physical AND psychological, but eventually turn to just psychological -long-term health risks

Religion in Sport --> major athletes associated with certain religions

-Muhammad Ali- boxing -Tim Tebow- football -Kurt Warner- football

Steve Courson

-Played football at SC; heavy steroid user and later ended up needing a heart transplant -Later testified to congress against steroid use

Sport programs by themselves & combined with others to help social issues/change

-Potential to integrate people from diverse backgrounds in areas of conflict -Sport can promote politicians (photo ops, athletes-turned-politicians).

Do athletes tend to be more violent than non?

-Some sports may not cause violent off-field behavior but attract more-violent people. -Alcohol increases the incidence of violence; athletes are more prone to binge drinking.

Qualities that religion and sport both value

-Team unity -role models -moral codes

peace building usages in sport...

-The Sport for Development and Peace International Working Group -heal torn societies -provides a safe place to face conflict in a structured environment

Reasons people give for breaking the rules

-To help the team (or individual) win -Because "everyone is doing it" -As acceptable behavior when a rule is considered bad

Ways government use sport to their advantage

-To promote unity and identity -cities attract sport for popularity (host events) -unifies strangers, conversation -promotes collective identity -promote nationalism (national anthem)

Jesse Owens

-United States athlete and Black American whose success in the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin outraged Hitler (1913-1980)

Explain how some cities and regions use sports to identify themselves

-national anthem played before games -Army—Navy CFB game & its traditions (very patriotic) ??

How do some organizations use sport as how athletes use religion in their prep?

-prayer before games, to conquer fear, and find deeper meaning in sport -To justify commitment to high performance -To reduce pressure and uncertainty -To enhance bonds between teammates -To guide moral decision making

Three Tests to determine if you are compliant with Title IX

1. Are participant #'s proportional to enrollment (55% should be female) 2. Does the school show a history of progress? 3. Does the school accommodate students' interest in sport?

Stages in human life - development at what ages for sport

1. Children= MOST rapid stage in growth (FASTEST) 2. Youth= middle & high school; critical time for drop outs 3. Adults= (college and beyond) development of close relationships; self-challenge whether in physical activity or business world; drop in physical activity (less time) 4. Older Adults= social and health

Female athlete triad

1. Disordered eating 2. Amenorrhea (altered menstrual cycle—could go away or just inconsistent) 3. Osteoporosis (brittle bones, not getting proper nutrients)

What are the 3 core values that the Olympics espouse?

1. Excellence 2. Friendship 3. Respect

Perspectives of Politics in Sport

1. Government effect on our quality of life 2. How sport can reinforce status quo 3. How nations sponsor international teams to promote patriotic pride 4. Politics of sport institutions

Religions having profound effects on athletes in sports

1. Link between religion and sport can reinforce a desired code of conduct. 2. Sport instills Protestant values (e.g., hard work, self-discipline, striving for success).

HOW these drugs are taken

1. Orally (swallowing) 2. Sublingually (under tongue, not swallowed) (What Barry Bonds did) 3. By Injection (intramuscularly) 4. Topically (put on your skin)

4 examples of sport for children in youth

1. Stand-alone sport and physical activity programs (fundamental skill focused) 2. At-risk prevention programs (YMCA, Boys & Girls Clubs) 3. Academic Enrichment and Sport Programs (safe haven combining school and sport) 4. Academic development and sport (sport as a vehicle to develop academic skills)

When was Title IX signed & what did it do?

1972; increased girls participation in sport (says: Prohibits discrimination in federally supported education programs.)

__% of female athletes report having an eating disorder (more than non-athletes)

33%

what is the most ALARMING group that uses anabolic steroids?

Adolescent age school children... BECAUSE their bodies have not matured yet

ADA

Americans with Disabilities Act; US law enacted in 1990 by Bush to eliminate discrimination in several areas; "need to make REASONABLE accommodations to make employment for you"

Which sport was invented at the YMCA in Springfield, Mass.?

Basketball

Concussions in young people vs. old people

Children and teens are MORE likely than adults to be concussed and recover more slowly.

Arthur Ashe

First African-American winner of a major men's tennis singles championship

Recreational vs. High-performance sport

Fitness/fun/social vs. developing skill at highest level

How much money was spent on male sports vs. female BEFORE Title IX?

For every $1 spent on boys, 1 cent was for girls

________ is the self-proclaimed youth sport capital

Indianapolis

________ students are MORE likely to gamble than _______ students.

Male; Female

% of adults who do and don't get enough physical activity

More than 60% of adults worldwide do NOT engage in sufficient physical activity

Who was the most well-known person in the world in general (sport and activism)...?

Muhammad Ali

Androgenic

Muscilizing effects (growth of facial hair, body hair, deep voice)

President's council on physical fitness - under who's administration were these developed?

President John F. Kennedy

Varda Burstyn

The feelings and identification engendered by sport "approximate the experience of religion more than any other form of human cultural practice."

Stats on the correlation between on-field and off-field violence?

There have been NO formal studies that show on-field violence leads to off-field violence

Anabolic

Tissue BUILDING (have to still work to build them)

What does sport as a microcosm of our society mean?

a small piece of society; our sports are organized similar to our society and vice versa

2 groups of steroid effects=

anabolic & androgenic

TYPES of Eating Disorders

anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, disordered eating, and compulsive exercise

Jackie Robinson

broke the color barrier in MLB in 1947 & was named MLB player of the year

Biggest, most unintended outcome of title IX=

eating disorders in women

Deviance related to performance enhancing drugs

from prescription/over the counter; for endurance; stimulants; anabolic ; HGH; doping

Protestant values carried over into sport

hard work, self-discipline, striving for success

Proper excepted medical uses of these drugs

over the counter, to heal sometimes, mask pain,

Varying political ideals BOTH use sport to support their side

promote their values, reinforce

Show cause penalty

says coach that committed high enough violation, that they cannot move to a different institution

Olympics = a __________ development tool

social

HOW we break rules in sport...

stealing signs, faking injury to slow play

Capitalism in sport=

striving for success; competition; hard work; winning

Socialism in sport=

teammates; fitness; friendship

What does deviance mean?

• Behavior that is beyond "normal" behavior can be GOOD of BAD ... just means it is DIFFERENT than the norm • Not conforming to rules OR overconforming

OUR definition of sport

• institutionalized competitive activity • physical skills and specialized facilities or equipment • accepted rules to determine a winner