STAT - QUIZES online

You are reading a study that reports that for the scores in their sample, the 95% confidence interval = 81-89. You know that this means that A. 95% of the people in the study scored above 89 B. 95% of the people in the study scored below 81 C. you can be 95% confident that the population mean will fall between 81 and 89 D. you can be 5% confident that the population mean will fall between 81 and 89

C. you can be 95% confident that the population mean will fall between 81 and 89

You plan to conduct a study with the title "Effect of Life Experiences on Student Performance in College Level Academic Programs for Health Professions" Your method for gathering data will be to compare the mean grade point average of those students who have previously held full time jobs with the mean grade point average of those students who have never held a full time job. Which statistical analysis will be most appropriate for analyzing this data? A. independent t test B. one way analysis of variance C. paired t test D. Chi square E. Mann Whitney U test

A. independent t test

Find the median of the following group of measurements: 50, 48, 45, 42, 40, 36, 34, 31, 29, 28 A. 38 B. 37.5 C. 38.5 D. 39

A. 38

You have completed a statistical analysis of the relationship of the two variables, age and cognitive function, from 120 patients. You have achieved the following result: Pearson r = .542 p = .04 There is a four percent chance that a type I (alpha) error has occurred. A. true B. false

A. true

A test of Sense of Humor yields possible scores that range from 1-10. Use the information presented in the following table to answer the question. The range for the data listed above is A. 0-10 B. 4-9 C. 3-9 D. 1-4

B. 4-9

Find the median of the following group of measurements: 15, 13, 11, 9, 6, 4, 2 A. 7 B. 9 C. 10 D. 11

B. 9

a test of Sense of Humor yields possible scores that range from 1-10. Use the information presented in the following table to answer the question. A. 8 B. 7 C. 6 D. 5

D. 5

Which of the following statistical analyses would be the best to use to answer the following question? To what extent does income level predict length of hospital stay? You have data on the income level (in dollars per year) and length of hospital stay in # of days for 2000 patients in 4 hospitals. A. ANCOVA B. ANOVA C. Pearson Correlation D. Linear Regression

D. Linear Regression

You have completed a statistical analysis of the relationship of the two variables, age and cognitive function, from 120 patients. You have achieved the following result: Pearson r = .542 p = .04 This correlation result reflects a A. strong negative correlation between age and cognitive function B. moderate negative correlation between age and cognitive function C. weak positive correlation between age and cognitive function D. moderate positive correlation between age and cognitive function

D. moderate positive correlation between age and cognitive function

Two sections of a psychology course were given an academic aptitude test. The mean, variance, and standard deviation for each group were as follows: Section 1: mean = 82 variance = 19.79 standard deviation = 4 range = 90-74 Section 2: mean = 74 variance = 45.05 standard deviation = 7 range = 88-60 How many scores are more than 2 standard deviations above the mean and more than 2 standard deviations below the mean in Section 1? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. none

D. none

Two sections of a psychology course were given an academic aptitude test. The mean, variance, and standard deviation for each group were as follows: Section 1: mean = 82 variance = 19.79 standard deviation = 4 range = 90-74 Section 2: mean = 74 variance = 45.05 standard deviation = 7 range = 88-60 How many scores are more than 2 standard deviations above the mean and more than 2 standard deviations below the mean in Section 2? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. none

D. none

You want to determine the effects of three different training methods on the manual dexterity of workers. 30 employees were randomly selected and randomly assigned to one of the three groups. After 5 weeks of training, each subject was administered the "Stanford Test of Manual Dexterity", a standardized test yielding continuous level of measurement scores. Which of the following statistical tests would be the best to answer the question above? A. Pearson Correlation B. Independent t tests C. one way ANOVA D. two way ANOVA

one way ANOVA

Two sections of a psychology course were given an academic aptitude test. The mean, variance, and standard deviation for each group were as follows: Section 1: mean = 82 variance = 19.79 standard deviation = 4 range = 90-74 Section 2: mean = 74 variance = 45.05 standard deviation = 7 range = 88-60 What score is one standard deviation below the mean in section 1? A. 78 B. 86 C. 80 D. 76

A. 78

With the data above from a one sample t test comparing the population mean (80) from the standard math test to the new math test sample (15), 95% of the new test takers fall into which range of scores? A. 84-97 B. 75-88 C. 86-96 D. 80-90

A. 84-97

What is the first thing to do when developing a survey to collect data for your study? A. Define clear and measurable research questions B. Write some demographic and other questions that your think you will need to know about the respondents C. Figure out how you will obtain a list of relevant people to send the survey to D. format the survey so that it looks professional and attractive

A. Define clear and measurable research questions

Does a health education program significantly effect exercise habits in adolescents and young adults who are overweight and is there a difference between gender (male and female for this study) ? The health education program was given to 1 0 0 people - 5 0 men and 5 0 women . The number of minutes of exercise for each subject was recorded before the health program began and then again 2 weeks after the health program concluded. The results were measured in the change of number of minutes of exercise per week between pre and post. Age groups were established for analysis as follows: young (13-16, middle (17-21), and older (22-26) What is the independent variable or independent variables in this study? Check any that apply A. Health Education Program B. Weight C. Age category D. Gender E. Exercise

A. Health Education ProgramC. Age category D. Gender

A team of researchers have developed a new, ergonomic scanning device that they think will reduce the incidence of work related stress injuries for sonographers. Which type of reliability or validity is being studied when the researchers compare the two sonographers scanning results on the same group of clients with the new device ? A. Inter-Rater Reliability B. Intra-Rater Reliability C. Content Validity D. Predictive Validity

A. Inter-Rater Reliability

You want to know if your clients are improving after your intervention. You measure the range of movement in degrees (continuous level of measurement) before you begin working with people who have movment limitations after a stroke. You measure movement in the affected elbow in 50 people. Then you provide them with a 8 week rehab program (with intervention 2 times per week). At the end of 8 weeks, you measure their elbow range of motion again. What would be the most appropriate statistical test to use to see whether there is a statistically significant difference in range betwee the pre and post measurements? A. Paired t test B. Independent t test C. Pearson Correlation D. Wilcoxon test

A. Paired t tes

We want to know whether a new, more expensive sonography machine will be as accurate as the current machines in use to measure the width of a person's kidney in centimeters. We do an ultrasound on 25 patients using the current machine and the same ultrasound using the new machine. Each patient receives 2 ultrasounds at the same point in time. Which of the following tests would be the best to use to see whether the 2 machines generate the same scores? A. Paired t test B. Independent t test C. Mann Whitney U test D. Wilcoxon test E. Chi Square test

A. Paired t test

You are reading a study that wants to identify the amount of change pre and post intervention that can be detected by a specific scanning technique. Which of the following will be important to state and document in this study article? A. The reliability of the scanning device and technique used B. Use of continuous level of measurement: measuring the organ being scanned in metric length or width C. the stability of the organ being measured, is it usually stable and does not change on it's own D. all of the above will be important

A. The reliability of the scanning device and technique used

a test of Sense of Humor yields possible scores that range from 1-10. Use the information presented in the following table to answer the question The table above is an example of a: A. frequency distribution B. normal curve C. scatterplot graph D. standard deviation

A. frequency distribution

team of researchers have developed a new way to assess blood pressure. The new device must be held firmly under a patient's chin for ten seconds, and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure reading appear in a printed digital display. Which type of reliability or validity is being tested? An evaluator takes two readings of each patient, within a 5 minute interval. Correlation analysis is conducted between the two sets of readings. A. intra-rater reliability B. inter-rater reliability C. test-retest reliability D. internal consistency

A. intra-rater reliability

Two sections of a psychology course were given an academic aptitude test. The mean, variance, and standard deviation for each group were as follows: Section 1: mean = 82 variance = 19.79 standard deviation = 4 range = 90-74 Section 2: mean = 74 variance = 45.05 standard deviation = 7 range = 88-60 Other factors being equal, which group would you predict to have the higher average score on the final examination in this course? A. section 1 B. section 2

A. section 1

Two sections of a psychology course were given an academic aptitude test. The mean, variance, and standard deviation for each group were as follows: Section 1: mean = 82 variance = 19.79 standard deviation = 4 range = 90-74 Section 2: mean = 74 variance = 45.05 standard deviation = 7 range = 88-60 Which section is more homogeneous with respect to academic aptitude as measured by this test? A. section 1 B. section 2

A. section 1

The range of error that is likely to occur in a single individual's score on a specific test as a result of error in the measurement tool or error by the person collecting the data is reflected in the A. standard error of measurement of the test B. statistical significance of the results on the test C. strength of the relationship of the variables being measured D. internal consistency of the test

A. standard error of measurement of the test

According to the results of the correlation analysis above A. the correlation of child outcome and socio-economic status (SES) is a weak positive correlation, and is a very likely correlation to occur in the population not just in this sample B. the correlation of child outcome and socio-economic status (SES) is a weak positive correlation and this correlation is unlikely to occur in the general population C. the correlation of child outcome and socio-economic status (SES) is a weak negative correlation D. the correlation of child outcome and socio-economic status (SES) is a strong negative correlation

A. the correlation of child outcome and socio-economic status (SES) is a weak positive correlation, and is a very likely correlation to occur in the population not just in this sample

According to the results of the correlation analysis above A. the correlation of quality of life and income is a moderate positive correlation, and is a very likely correlation to occur in the population not just in this sample B. the correlation of quality of life and income is a moderate positive correlation and this correlation is unlikely to occur in the general population C. the correlation of quality of life and income is a moderate negative correlation, and is a very likely correlation to occur in the general population not just in this sample D. the correlation of quality of life and income is a moderate negative correlation, and this correlation is unlikely to occur in the general population

A. the correlation of quality of life and income is a moderate positive correlation, and is a very likely correlation to occur in the population not just in this sample

A diagnostic test is said to be highly specific and less sensitive. This means that A. the test is better at identifying people who do not have the condition B. the test is better at identifying those who may develop the condition C. the test is better at idenitifying those who have the condition D. the test is better at identifying how at risk a person is for a specific condition

A. the test is better at identifying people who do not have the condition

You have completed a statistical analysis of the relationship of the two variables, age and cognitive function, from 120 patients. You have achieved the following result: Pearson r = .542 p = .04 It will be appropriate to reject the null hypothesis A. true B. false

A. true

You want to study job satisfaction among sonographers. If one of your research question is, "what is the relationship of amount of experience to job satisfaction", what would be the best way to measure job satisfaction in your survey respondents? A. job satisfaction measured in a standardized scale of likert questions B. Ask each respondent to describe their job satisfaction in a narrative C. Ask each respondent, how satisfied are you with your job on a scale of 1 to 10 D. measure how long each respondent has spent at each job they have had over the past 10 years

A.job satisfaction measured in a standardized scale of likert questions

You have developed a new measurement tool: The Compassion Scale. This paper and pencil test consists of twenty Likert style questions. It's purpose is to measure how compassionate an individual is. You have been awarded a grant to pilot test this new instrument. You present the test to 50 health professionals and 50 patients and ask them if they think the test items actually test a person's level of compassion. Which type of reliability or validity is this measuring? A. Internal consistency B. Face validity C. content validity D. construct validity E. concurrent validity

B. Face validity

You have completed a statistical analysis of data from two groups of subjects and achieved the following result: T test t= 1.746 p= .10 (two tailed test) number of subjects = 20 This finding is statistically significant A. True B. False

B. False

A random sample of 3 1 rats from strain A and a random sample of 3 1 rats from strain B is obtained and they are all given a maze-learning task. The mean number of errors is computed for each strain/group of rats. Do rats of strain A learn mazes better (with fewer errors) than rats of strain B? Which would be the best statistical test to use to answer this question? A. Paired T test B. Independent T test C. Pearson Correlation test D. Chi Square test E. Mann-Whitney U test

B. Independent T test

A college admissions officer wants to determine if high school achievement is a good predictor of academic performance in college. He selects a random sample of academic files from students who have graduated within the past 5 years, and does a correlation analysis between high school grade point average and college grade point average. The most appropriate statistical analysis for this situation would be A. t test B. Pearson r coefficient C. Spearman coefficient D. Phi coefficient

B. Pearson r coefficient

A team of researchers have developed a new, ergonomic scanning device that they think will reduce the incidence of work related stress injuries for sonographers. Which type of reliability or validity is being studied when the researchers follow a group of 50 sonographers using the new device and see what percentage of that group develop work related stress disorders 3 years later? A. Inter-Rater Reliability B. Predictive Validity C. Construct Validity D. Face Validity

B. Predictive Validity

Data set A: n = 13 mean = 75 standard deviation = 18.07 Data set B: n = 13 mean = 75 standard deviation = 7.19 Which of the following statements accurately describes Data Set A and Data Set B above? A. The variability of data set B is greater than data set A B. The variability of data set A is greater than data set B C. The range of abilities in data set A is smaller, closer to each other, than in data set B D. The subjects in data set A are more like each other on this measurement than those in data set B

B. The variability of data set A is greater than data set B

You are reading a study article that states that the correlation found between 2 variables is r = .759 and the p value = .20 A. This result is strongly representative of the population B. There is a 20% chance that this result occurred as chance, not representative of the population C. The null hypothesis can be rejected D. There is an extremely small chance of a Type 1 error

B. There is a 20% chance that this result occurred as chance, not representative of the population

You have developed a new measurement tool: The Compassion Scale. This paper and pencil test consists of twenty Likert style questions. It's purpose is to measure how compassionate an individual is. You have been awarded a grant to pilot test this new instrument. You advise a panel of experts that the test questions were designed to assess five theoretical types of compassion. You ask the panel to review the questions to determine whether each of the five types of compassion are equally represented on the scale. Which type of reliability or validity are you measuring? A. face validity B. content validity C. construct validity D. concurrent validity E. predictive validity

B. content validity

A team of researchers have developed a new way to assess blood pressure. The new device must be held firmly under a patient's chin for ten seconds, and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure reading appear in a printed digital display. Which type of reliability or validity is being tested? Readings taken by one evaluator are correlated with readings taken by a second evaluator. A. intra-rater reliability B. inter-rater reliability C. test-retest reliability D. internal consistency

B. inter-rater reliability

You plan to conduct a study with the title "Effect of Life Experiences on Student Performance in College Level Academic Programs for Health Professions" Which of the following is the dependent variable in this study? A. life experience B. student performance C. college level academic preparation D. health professions

B. student performance

A random sample of 3 1 rats from strain A and a random sample of 3 1 rats from strain B is obtained and they are all given a maze-learning task. The mean number of errors is computed for each strain/group of rats. What is the independent variable in this example? A. the maze learning task B. the strain of rat C. the number of errors made

B. the strain of rat

Find the median of the following group of measurements: 24, 22, 19, 17, 16, 14, 8, 6 A. 15 B. 16 C. 16.5 D. 17.5

C. 16.5

What is the mean of this group of measurements? A. 22 B. 20 C. 17 D. 15 scores - 23, 22, 20,17,15,15,13,12 frequency - 2 3 1,4 ,4, 2, 3, 2

C. 17

What is the median of this group of measurements? A. 22 B. 20 C. 17 D. 15 scores - 23, 22, 20,17,15,15,13,12 frequency - 2 3 1,4 ,4, 2, 3, 2

C. 17

What is the mode of this group of measurements? A. 22 B. 20 C. 17 D. 15 scores - 23, 22, 20,17,15,15,13,12 frequency - 2 3 1,4 ,4, 2, 3, 2

C. 17

Does a health education program significantly effect exercise habits in adolescents and young adults who are overweight and is there a difference between gender (male and female for this study)? The health education program was given to 100 people - 50 men and 50 women. The number of minutes of exercise for each subject was recorded before the health program began and then again 2 weeks after the health program concluded. The results were measured in the change of number of minutes of exercise per week between pre and post. Age groups were established for analysis as follows: young (13-16, middle (17-21), and older (22-26) How many independent variables are there in this study? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

C. 3

test of Sense of Humor yields possible scores that range from 1-10. Use the information presented in the following table to answer the question. The median for the data listed above is: A. 8 B. 7 C. 6 D. 5

C. 6

Two sections of a psychology course were given an academic aptitude test. The mean, variance, and standard deviation for each group were as follows: Section 1: mean = 82 variance = 19.79 standard deviation = 4 range = 90-74 Section 2: mean = 74 variance = 45.05 standard deviation = 7 range = 88-60 What score is one standard deviation above the mean in Section 2? A. 67 B. 78 C. 81 D. 88

C. 81

You are reading an article reporting a study that found a correlation between 2 variables as follows r = .555 p = .02 A. This is a very strong correlation between the 2 variables measured B. You cannot reject the null hypothesis C. You can reject the null hypothesis and likely find this strength of correlation in the larger population who were not in the study D. This result is a very weak correlation

C. You can reject the null hypothesis and likely find this strength of correlation in the larger population who were not in the study

You are reading an article reporting a study that found a correlation between 2 variables as follows r = .555 p = .02 A. This is a very strong correlation between the 2 variables measured B. You cannot reject the null hypothesis C. You can reject the null hypothesis and likely find this strength of correlation in the larger population who were not in the study D. This result is a very weak correlation

C. You can reject the null hypothesis and likely find this strength of correlation in the larger population who were not in the study

This table displays data from a study that wants to see if the observed BMI (body mass index) from a large study of children (the Framingham study in 2005) is consistent with, above or below that of the BMI data collected by a national study in 2002. The p value obtained is p= < 0.005 What type of statistical test is being used here? A. Correlation B. T test C. chi square D. ANOVA

C. chi square

Which of the variables are most strongly related to Quality of Life in this data? A. Socio-economic status (SES) and parent confidence B. child outcome and parent confidence C. child outcome and parent optimism

C. child outcome and parent optimism

According to the results of the correlation analysis above, which of the following relationships demonstrates a moderate to strong positive correlation that is likely to be found in the general population, and not only in this sample? A. child outcome and parent confidence B. child outcome and SES (socio-economic status) C. child outcome and quality of life D. SES (socio-economic status) and quality of life

C. child outcome and quality of life

You plan to conduct a study with the title "Effect of Life Experiences on Student Performance in College Level Academic Programs for Health Professions" You predict that students with more diversified life experiences will graduate with higher cumulative grade point averages, as compared with students with less diversified life experiences. This is a A. theory B. principle C. directional hypothesis D. non-directional hypothesis

C. directional hypothesis

* p < .05, ** p < .01 According to the data above, as quality of life increases A. body fat percentage tends to increase B. income tends to decrease C. income tends to increase D. blood pressure tends to increase

C. income tends to increase

You have developed a new measurement tool: The Compassion Scale. This paper and pencil test consists of twenty Likert style questions. It's purpose is to measure how compassionate an individual is. You have been awarded a grant to pilot test this new instrument. 100 randomly selected subjects complete the test of September 1 and you calculate their scores. On October 1, the same 100 subjects complete the scale a second time. You calculate their scores, and run a correlation analysis on the two sets of scores. Which type of reliability or validity are you measuring? A. intra-rater reliability B. inter-rater reliability C. test-retest reliability D. internal consistency E. face validity

C. test-retest reliability

A random sample of 31 rats from strain A and a random sample of 31 rats from strain B is obtained and they are all given a maze-learning task. The mean number of errors is computed for each strain/group of rats. What is the dependent variable in this example? A. the maze learning task B. the strain of rat C. the number of errors made

C. the number of errors made

Does a health education program significantly effect exercise habits in adolescents and young adults who are overweight and is there a difference between gender (male and female for this study)? The health education program was given to 100 people - 50 men and 50 women. The number of minutes of exercise for each subject was recorded before the health program began and then again 2 weeks after the health program concluded. The results were measured in the change of number of minutes of exercise per week between pre and post. Age groups were established for analysis as follows: young (13-16, middle (17-21), and older (22-26) The variable, age, has how many levels? A. one B. two C. three D. four

C. three

Does a health education program significantly effect exercise habits in adolescents and young adults who are overweight and is there a difference between gender (male and female for this study)? The health education program was given to 100 people - 50 men and 50 women. The number of minutes of exercise for each subject was recorded before the health program began and then again 2 weeks after the health program concluded. The results were measured in the change of number of minutes of exercise per week between pre and post. Age groups were established for analysis as follows: young (13-16, middle (17-21), and older (22-26) Which of the following statistical tests would be the best to use to analyze the effects of this health education program on this age range of people and genders? A. Pearson Correlation B. one way ANOVA C. two way ANOVA D. ANCOVA E. Linear Regression

C. two way ANOVA

A study was conducted to explore the relationship between time spent watching television and amount of family tension. 80 families were randomly selected and scores from questionnaires were obtained on number of hours spent watching TV and a cumulative score reflecting the level of family tension based on a total score from 30 questions. The study reported a positive correlation of .73 between the time spent watching TV and amount of tension in the household. Which of the following statements is the best and most accurate way to express the practical meaning of these results? A. watching more television is a cause of family tension B. families should watch less TV in order to reduce the amount of tension in their home. C. watching TV and family tension are related to each other and we need to perform further studies in order to see whether one is causing the other or whether other factors are influencing both. D. This is a very small, insignificant correlation and therefore does not indicate a relationship between these 2 variables.

C. watching TV and family tension are related to each other and we need to perform further studies in order to see whether one is causing the other or whether other factors are influencing both.

Chi Square Analysis is the most appropriate statistical procedure to use when A. you are comparing two sets of ranked data to determine if there is a difference between the two. B. you are analyzing the correlation between two sets of continuous level of measurement scores C. you are analyzing frequency count data with 2 discrete/categorical variables such as gender and a Yes/No question D. there are three or more levels of a discrete (categorical) variable

C.you are analyzing frequency count data with 2 discrete/categorical variables such as gender and a Yes/No question

The maternity unit in a local hospital is interested in determining whether women who are giving birth for the first time have significantly different length of labor compared to women who are giving birth to second or subsequent children. Labor was categorized into short, medium or long based on criteria. The following information is available for 1,000 women: whether each woman is a first time birth or is a subsequent birth and whether the labor was short, medium, or long duration. Which of the following statistical tests would be the best? A. Spearman correlation test B. One way ANOVA test C. Independent T test D. Chi Square test

D. Chi Square test

A team of researchers have developed a new, ergonomic scanning device that they think will reduce the incidence of work related stress injuries for sonographers. Which type of reliability or validity is being studied when the researchers compare the same sonographer scanning results with the new device at different points in time? A. Content Validity B. Predictive Validity C. Test-Retest Reliability D. Intra- Rater Reliability

D. Intra- Rater Reliability

The following is a hypothesis from a study you will be conducting: Sonographers who have a BS degree from Downstate Medical Center have better job satisfaction than sonographers with certificates from other programs. This is an example of A. hypothesis testing B. a null hypothesis C. a non-directional hypothesis D. a directional hypothesis

D. a directional hypothesis

You are reading a study reporting on the stress injuries in sonographers. The researchers are concerned that in one group, the mean age is higher (50 years) than in the other group (40 years). They worry that age could be a confounding factor that they were unable to control for. Which statistical analysis below would be the BEST to investigate the effect of age on the results of this study? A. independent T test B. two way analysis of variance (ANOVA) C. linear regression D. analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)

D. analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)

A team of researchers have developed a new way to assess blood pressure. The new device must be held firmly under a patient's chin for ten seconds, and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure reading appear in a printed digital display. Which type of reliability or validity is being tested? Readings taken by one evaluator are correlated with simulaneous readings taken with a standard blood pressure cuff to see how the new tool relates to a current test in use for blood pressure. A. Face validity B. construct validity C. content validity D. concurrent validity E. predictive validity

D. concurrent validity

Does a health education program significantly effect exercise habits in adolescents and young adults who are overweight and is there a difference between gender (male and female for this study)? The health education program was given to 100 people - 50 men and 50 women. The number of minutes of exercise for each subject was recorded before the health program began and then again 2 weeks after the health program concluded. The results were measured in the change of number of minutes of exercise per week between pre and post. Age groups were established for analysis as follows: young (13-16, middle (17-21), and older (22-26) What is the dependent variable or dependent variables in this study? A. health education program and weight B. gender and exercise C. health education program D. exercise E. adolescents

D. exercise

f you fail to find statistical significance when your alternate hypothesis is truly correct, you have A. used the wrong procedure for statistical analysis B.failed to find a normal curve distribution of your data C. made a Type I error D. made a Type II error

D. made a Type II error

A college admissions officer wants to determine if high school achievement is a good predictor of academic performance in college. He selects a random sample of academic files from students who have graduated within the past 5 years, and does a correlation analysis between high school grade point average and college grade point average. This researcher finds that the standard deviation for the high school grade point averages is higher than the standard deviation for the college grade point averages. This means that A. students demonstrated higher achievement in high school than in college B. students demonstrated higher achievement in college than in high school C. student performance was less variable in high school than in college D.student performance was less variable in college than in high school

D. student performance was less variable in college than in high school

You have developed a new measurement tool: The Compassion Scale. This paper and pencil test consists of twenty Likert style questions. It's purpose is to measure how compassionate an individual is. You have been awarded a grant to pilot test this new instrument. 20 health career students compete the test. One year later, you ask their supervisors to rank their current on-the-job performance on a ten point scale of how compassionately they behave with their clients. What type of reliability or validity are measuring? A. construct validity B. face validity C. content validity D. concurrent validity E. predictive validity

E. predictive validity