states of matter - physical science

solids, gases

3 common states of matter: ____, liquids, and ______

vaporization

liquid to gas

freezing

liquid to solid

vaporization, deposition

6 common phase changes: melting freezing ________ condensation sublimation _______

evaporation

___ - process that occurs at the surface of the liquid; liquid changed into gas at temperatures below the substances boiling point

endothermic

____ change = system absorbs energy from its surroundings (melting, boiling)

vaporization

_____ - endothermic phase change in which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas

phase change

_____ ______ - a reversible *physical* change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another

boiling

______ - process that occurs throughout a liquid as a liquid changes into a gas at the boiling point

exothermix

______ change = system releases energy to its surroundings (condensation, freezing)

condensation

_______ - process where a substance changes from a gas or vapor to a liquid (dew on grass)

deposition

________ - process in which a substance changes from a gas or vapor directly to a solid (frost on windows)

sublimation

_________ - process in which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas or vapor without changing to a liquid first (dry ice)

container

a gas takes the shape of its ______

flow, stay

a liquid can take the shape of its container because the particles can ____ while the volume _____

absolute zero

a temperature equal to 0 K on the Kelvin temperature scale is known as ______ ______

together

a volume of a liquid is constant because forces keep the particles _____

increase

as a substance changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas, the temperature, kinetic energy, and volume all ______

quickly, fixed

as ice gains energy, the molecule vibrate more _______ and at the melting point, molecules move from their ______ position and the ice melts

increases

as temp increases, pressure _____

increases, attraction

as temperature increases, kinetic energy ______ and molecules speed up, spread out and forces of _____ are decreased

increases, pressure

as the number of particles _____, ______ increases

decreases, collide

as volume _____, air particles have less room to move around, so they ____ more often

decreases, increases

as volume _____, pressure _______

decrease

as you heat up syrup, the viscosity ____

random

atoms in a liquid are close together, but their arrangement is more _____

close, regular

atoms in a solid are packed _____ together and are arranged in a _____ pattern

random, more

atoms of gas are arranged in _______ locations and there is ______ space between atoms

compressed

because of the empty space between atoms and gas, gases can easily be ______

pressure, behavior

changes in the volume, temperature, ______, and the number of particles have predictable effect on the _____ of a gas

gas, pressure

collisions between particles of a _____ and the walls of the container cause the _____ in a closed container of gas

volume, shape

gas has an indefinite ______ and indefinite _______

condensation

gas to liquid

deposition

gas to solid

increase

if temperature and volume are constant, reducing the volume of a gas will _____ its pressure

constant, greater

if volume and temperature remain _______, the more particles there are in a container, the ______ the number of collisions

energy, motion

kinetic energy is the _____ an object has due to its _____

higher

more collisions result in ____ pressure

faster, greater

more kinetic energy leads to particles moving _____ and colliding more often with _____ force (this results in higher air pressure)

plasma

on the sun, where temperatures are extremely high, matter exists in a state known as ______

constant motion

particles in a gas are in ______ ________

fixed, change

particles in a solid have _____ locations in a total volume that does not ______

force, area

pressure is a result of a _____ distributed over an ______

sublimation

solid to gas

melting

solid to liquid

definite, definite

solids have a _____ volume and a _____ shape

vibrate

solids have a definite volume and shape because particles in a solid ___ around fixed locations

decreased, orderly

the average kinetic energy of the molecules ___ and the molecules slowly move into an ____ arrangement and freeze

greater

the faster an object moves, the ___ its kinetic energy

protection

the forces of ______ among the particles in a gas can be ignored under ordinary conditions

weak

the forces of attraction are too ______ to have a noticeable effect on gas, so scientists ignore the forces of attraction among particles of gas under ordinary conditions

solid

the forces of attraction have the highest effect on ____ (out of solids, liquids, and gases)

density

the more space between the molecules causes the _____ to decrease

closely

the particles in a liquid are more ______ packed than the particles of a gas

melting

the temperature at which a substance freezes (freezing point) is identical to the temperature at which it melts (______ point)

all

there are forces of attraction among the particles of _____ matter

melting, freezing

when ice cubes are removed from the freezer, heat flows from the ______ point to the _____ point

water, air

when water is placed in a freezer, energy flows from the ____ to the _______