Statistics Final
What type of ANOVA is used when there is only one type of treatment or grouping factor with more than two levels? One way Two way Three way
One way
Suppose participants were classified according to their grade level in order to test the differences among the means for the grade levels. What type of ANOVA would you use? One-way ANOVA Two-way ANOVA
One-way ANOVA
A large effect size might represent an unimportant result. True False
True
ANOVA is used to test the differences between two or more means. True/False
True
Equating a significant difference with a large difference is a mistake. This statement is True/False
True
Is the size of the sample one of the factors that contributes to determining statistical significance? True/False
True
Statistically significant is synonymous with rejecting the null hypothesis. True False
True
The purpose of effect size is to standardize the difference between the two means. True False
True
How many F tests are used to conducta two-way ANOVA? 1 F test 2 F tests 3 F tests 4 F tests
3
A research study is investigating the effects of studying French one, two, or three hours weekly between fourth graders and ninth graders. How would this factorial design be best described? 2X3 3X2 3X3 6X3
2x3
What is the formula for z-score?
(x-mean)/standard deviation
In a one-sample Z-test, this is the number of groups being compared: 2 or more 1 3
1
Given the normal distribution of the areas under the curve, what is the percentile rank for the z score of -2? .14% 2.14% 13.59% 34.13%
2.14%
Which of the following would be an example of a design that examines the effects gender and school type (i.e., elementary, middle, or high school) on a scale of student attitudes toward learning? 2X2 ANOVA 3X3 ANOVA 2X3 ANOVA Simple ANOVA
2X3 ANOVA
_______ of scores fall on either side of the distribution.
50%
Under the normal curve, approximately what percentage of scores falls between -1 and +1 standard deviations around the mean? 14% 34% 68% 95%
68%
Under the normal curve, if the obtained value falls to the left of the critical value, what percentage of the normal curve did it fall under? 5% 10% 95% 100%
95%
If your degrees of freedom is 98, your sample size when conducting a t-test for dependent means must be _______. 97 99 98 100
99
In ANOVA, you have a main effect when A factor significantly affects the outcome variable An outcome significantly affects a factor There is an interaction between factors There is an interaction between outcomes
A factor significantly affects the outcome variable
After conducting a one-sample Z-test, you arrived at a value of 0.2 for the z value. What is your conclusion? Reject the null hypothesis Accept the null hypothesis The result is too close to call None of the above
Accept the null hypothesis
If the obtained value is less than the critical value, what should you do? Reject the null hypothesis Accept the null hypothesis
Accept the null hypothesis
The correlation coefficient is a measure of _______. Causation Prediction Association
Association
If the dependent variable is a categorical data with two categories, it is called a Bivariate Multiple regression Monotonous variable Dichotomous variable
Dichotomous variable
What is another name for a normal curve?
Bell-shaped curve
Between the X and Y symbols, X represents the ________________ and Y represents the _____________________./ A)Independent variable, dependent variable B)Dependent variable, independent variable C)Predictors, predicted D)Predicted, predictors Both A and C Both A and C Both A and D Both B and D
Both A and C
The _______ function in Excel provides the probability of an outcome given the degrees of freedom and the value of the statistic . CHISQ.RESULT CHISQ.TEST CHISQ.DIST CHIST.CORREL
CHISQ.DIST
What is the error that cannot be controlled called? Type 1 Error, Chance, Type II Error, Probability
Chance
Which of the following is the most commonly used nonparametric test? t-test ANOVA Chi-square
Chi-square
The statistical value that is compared with the calculated value is called the _______. Obtained value Test statistic Critical value Comparison value
Critical value
Evaluating a difference is a three step process. What is the first step? Determining whether it is statistically significant Considering the practical implications of an insignificant difference Considering the practical implications of a statistically significant difference
Determining whether it is statistically significant
To compute Cohens, first subtract the control groups mean from the experimental groups mean, and then do what?/p Multiply the difference between the means by the control group's standard deviation. Determine the significance of the difference between the means at p .05. Divide the difference between the means by the control group's standard deviation
Divide the difference between the means by the control group's standard deviation
Another name for analysis of variance is P test XYZ test F test Chi tes
F test
When you want to examine the impact of more than one independent variable on the outcome variable, what type of ANOVA should be used? Multivariate ANOVA Factorial ANOVA One-way ANOVA Simple ANOVA
Factorial ANOVA
For the difference between two means, the null hypothesis says that the difference is large. This statement is True False
False
Independent variables cannot be categorical or continuous data True / False
False
When selecting an independent variable in a simple linear regression, you want to make sure that the variable is conceptually related to the emindependent/em variable and show a significant correlation? True / False
False
Dr. Moo would like to compute the exact probability of male or female students passing or failing on the comprehensive agricultural exam. What kind of test should she use? Kolmogorov-Smirnov test Friedman two-way ANOVA Spearman correlation Fisher's exact test
Fisher's exact test
A one-sample chi-square is also known as a _______. Goodness-of-fit test Test of independence Wilcoxon rank Mann-Whitney U
Goodness-of-fit test
In a one-sample chi-square test, if your respondents are distributed very unequally across the levels of your variable, your chi-square value will be _______. High / Low
High
Which of the following relates to the difference you expect when conducting a t-test? Hypothesized mean difference Pearson correlation Observations Variance
Hypothesized mean difference
What is the blind rule?
If obtained value is higher than critical value, reject the null hypothesis If obtain is lower value than the critical value, accept the null hypothesis.
When using two predictor variables, these variables should be _______. Correlated Related Independent Dependent
Independent
A research investigating the effect of parental involvement on the academic achievement of their children found that reading with children at home predicted high scores in the childrens language art test scores. Reading with children in this study is the Independent variable Dependent variable
Independent variable
A teacher found that the phonics method of teaching reading resulted in an increase in students reading scores. Phonics method in this study is the/p Independent variable Dependent variable
Independent variable
When selecting multiple independent variables in a multiple regression, you want to make sure that the independent variables are ____________ correlated with each other, but individually and together are __________ correlated to the dependent variable. Least; equally Highly; equally Least; highly Highly; least
Least; highly
What statistical technique is used to make predictions of future outcomes based on present data? Analysis of variance Repeated measures Linear regression Correlational analysis
Linear regression
When analysis of data reveals a difference between levels of a factor, what is this called? Interaction effect Factor effect Level effect Main effect
Main effect
Which of the following nonparametric tests is used to compare two independent samples? Mann-Whitney U Wilcoxon rank Spearman rank Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Mann-Whitney U
What type of design includes an ANOVA where one factor is repeated and the other is not? Repeated design Between-groups design Mixed design One-way ANOVA
Mixed design
An analysis that examines more than one dependent variable or outcome is known as _______ ANOVA. Multivariate One-way Univariate Two-way
Multi-variate
When conducting a chi-square test, the categories of your variable(s) must be _______. Mutually exclusive Dependent Less than five in total
Mutually exclusive
To state there was a "signitificant differnce" indicates what kind of hypothesis test: Non-directional hypothesis Directional hypothesis
Non-directional hypothesis
Statistics that are not governed by distributions are referred to as _______ statistics. Parametric Nonparametric Population Nondistribution
Nonparametric
What is a statement of equality
Null hypothesis
In the formula for calculating degrees of freedom for a correlation coefficient, what does the n represent? ample size Number of groups Number of pairs Population
Number of pairs
The test statistic value calculated by the statistical procedure selected is known as the _______. Critical value Significance level Obtained value p value
Obtained value
Which of the following statement is true? One sample t test is used to test the difference between a sample mean and a population mean to determine statistical significance. One sample t test is used to test the difference between two sample means from one sample
One sample t test is used to test the difference between a sample mean and a population mean to determine statistical significance.
The P in the null hypothesis represents the _______ of occurrences in any one category. Multiplication Subtraction Percentage Addition
Percentage
What is the basis of a normal curve?
Probability
Suppose a researcher is examining the validity of a combination of the length of engagement and the number of hours in premarital counseling as predictors of subsequent marital satisfaction. Which correlational statistic should the researcher compute for this research problem? R or r
R
The symbol for multiple correlation coefficient is r R r^2
R
To caclulate the z-score, you need Raw score, mean, and standard deviation Raw score, median, and standard of deviation Raw score, mean, p-value, and standard of deviation Raw score, mean, and variance
Raw score, mean, and standard deviation
If the obtained value is greater than the critical value, what should you do? Reject the null hypothesis Accept the null hypothesis Set a higher p value Increase the sample
Reject the null hypothesis
f one group had a mean of 2.3, and the second group had a mean of 2.4, and this was statistically significant, this result could be described as _______. Significant and meaningful Significant but not meaningful Not significant but meaningful Not significant and not meaningful
Significant but not meaningful
If a research has one categorical variable predicting one continuous variable, this is an example of Simple linear regression Multiple regression
Simple linear regression
Which tests is utilized when participants are classifed in only one way? Single-factor ANOVA Two-factor ANOVA
Single-factor ANOVA
Results from an ANOVA are placed in what type of table? ANOVA table Source table Effects table Output table
Source table
Both t scores and z scores are considered what type of score? Standard scores Error scores Average scores Standardized scores
Standard Scores
The_______ is used as the denominator in the equation for the z value in a one-sample Z-test. Standard error of the median Standard error of the population Standard error of the mean Standard error of the sample
Standard error of the mean
You can spot an interaction by Adding the differences Subtracting the differences
Subtracting the differences
In order to examine an interaction you Temporarily ignore one way that the participants were classified while examining the results of the other way they were classified Look at both ways participants were classified at the same time in order to see how the two classification variable affect each other.
Temporarily ignore one way that the participants were classified while examining the results of the other way they were classified
A two-sample chi-square is also known as a _______. Goodness-of-fit test Test of independence Wilcoxon rank Mann-Whitney U
Test of independence
What does it mean when emd=/em1.00? The average participant in the experimental group is one standard deviation higher than the average participant in the control group The average participant in the control group is one standard deviation higher than the average participant in the experimental group
The average participant in the CONTROL group is one standard deviation higher than the average participant in the EXPERIMENTAL group
Before reporting results of the t-test, which should be reported first? The means, standard deviation, and correlation The central tendency, standard deviation and z-score The standard deviation, number of cases, and the means The means, number of cases, and p value
The standard deviation, number of cases, and the means
The denominator in the equation for the z value is equal to The population average subtracted from the mean of the sample The mean of the sample subtracted from the population average The standard error of the mean subtracted from the population average The standard error of the mean
The standard error of the mean
For the typical consumer of research, which one of hte following values is an ANOVA table is of greatest interest? Mean square The value of p The value of f
The value of p
Why would you want to standardize the raw score? The raw score provides insufficient data It makes sure the data isn't skewed There may be different scales utilized It gives us the percentage
There may be different scales utilized
How many null hypotheses are associated with a two-way ANOVA? One Two Three Four
Three
If you have more than _______ levels, you will have to modify the formula you use in Excel. Two Three Four Five
Three
When working with a population mean and population standard, it is correct to subtract the population mean from the raw score, then divide it by the population standard deviation. This statement is________ True/False
True
With a one sample t test, you must assume the measurement has to be a continuous data that is normally distributed. True/False
True
How many observations are there for each case in a t-test for dependent samples?
Two
The ability to predict might be improved by how many predictors? One Two
Two
You would want to use a factorial ANOVA if you had _______ variables. Two independent Two dependent One independent Three dependent
Two independent
Two-way Anova examines what One main effect and one interaction One main effects and two interactions Two main effects and one interaction Two main effects and two interactions
Two main effects and one interaction
Suppose participants were classified according to their religion and their country of origin in order that means for both religious groups and national origin groups be compared. This would call for a One-Way ANOVA Two-Way ANOVA
Two-Way ANOVA
What is the level of risk associated with rejecting a true null hypothesis called? Type I error Type II error Type III error Power
Type I error
Which major assumption of the t-test deals with the amount of variability in each group? Variables normally distributed Sample chosen at random Scores are independent Variances are equal
Variances are equal
When should the null hypothesis be rejected? When the probability (p) is low When the probability (p) is high
When the probability (p) is low
Under which of the following circumstances is the null hypothesis more likely to be rejected? When there is a small observed difference between means When there is a large observed difference between means
When there is a large observed difference between means
Which of the following nonparametric tests is used to compare the magnitude and direction of differences between two groups? Mann-Whitney U Wilcoxon rank Spearman rank Fisher's exact
Wilcoxon rank
Can a very small difference between two means be statistically significant Yes/No
Yes
When scores are standardized by units of standard deviation, these scores are called T-score Z-score Percentile scores Standard deviation
Z-score
What is the formula used to calculate degrees of freedom for a t-test? n1 - 1 + n2 - 1 n1 + n2 - 1 n1 - 1 + n2 n1 + n2
n1 - 1 + n2 - 1
z scores that fall below the mean will be _______.
negative
Suppose a researcher is examining the validity of a set of scores on an oral language test to predict a set of scores that first graders will earn on a beginning reading test. Which correlational statistic should the researcher compute for this research problem? R or r
r
The _______ is the most commonly used standard score. z score t score f score p score
z-score