STATS Exam #1

ratio

"My daughter is four years old." The scale of measurement involved in this statement is

interval

"My roommate's IQ is 95." The scale of measurement involved in this statement is

ordinal

"My son just finished 3rd in the local marathon." The scale of measurement involved in this statement is

nominal

"Watch for me on the football field. I'll be wearing number 32." The scale of measurement involved in this statement is

Proportion

A decimal number between 0 and 1 that indicates a fraction of the total is called a

parameter

A number that describes a characteristic of a population of scores is called a

statistic

A number that describes a characteristic of a sample of scores is called a

quasi-independent variable

A researcher investigates whether there is a relationship between participating in athletics and GPA by comparing GPAs from 20 randomly selected athletes with those from 20 randomly selected nonathletes. The variable measuring participation in athletics is a(n)

true independent variable

A researcher investigates whether there is a relationship between type of background music being listened to and responses to a mood inventory by having 60 randomly selected participants complete the mood inventory, with 20 randomly assigned to each of three rooms. In one room classical music is played in the background, in another hard rock music, and in a third country music. The type of background music variable is a(n)

weird E

Adding numbers is an important procedure in statistics. Instead of saying "add up all of the scores," we use the symbol

percentiles are often easier to interpret than cumulative frequencies.

An advantage of percentiles over cumulative frequencies is that

data point

Each "dot" on a graph

2 diagonal lines

For any graph, whenever there is a large gap between 0 and the lowest score you are plotting, the axis is compressed using

8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1

For the following data what values should be in the Score column of the frequency distribution table? 8, 8 8, 7, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1

Lp= (n+1)(p/100)

Formula for Location of Percentile

0.0005

If we convert the percentage 0.05% to a proportion, we get

the relative frequency of all scores between the two scores.

In a normal curve the proportion of the area under the curve between two scores represents

the scale of measurement being used and the shape of the distribution.

In order to decide which measure of central tendency is appropriate, you must first determine

true independent variable

Lighting condition, if controlled by the researcher, would be considered a(n)

location

Measures of central tendency are measures of

quasi-independent variable

Participants' income, categorized as "below poverty level" or "above poverty level," would be considered a(n)

f/N

Relative frequency formula

Sx=square root of E(x-mean)^2/N

Sample standard Deviation Formula

E(x-mean)^2/N

Sample variance formula

English letters; Greek letters

Statistics are represented by _____, and parameters are represented by _____.

statistical procedures

Statistics is a shortened version of

N

Symbol for the total number of scores in a study

quasi-independent variable

Technically, behavior-influencing variables that an experimenter cannot change by doing something to participants are called a(n)

mean of the sample.

The best predictor of an individual score in a sample of scores is the

participants

The individuals measured in a sample are called the

the distribution is symmetrical and the scale of measurement is interval or ratio.

The mean is the preferred measure of central tendency when

the point at or below which 50% of the scores fall.

The median is defined as

the scale of measurement is ordinal

The median is the preferred measure of central tendency when

nominal

The mode is the appropriate measure of central tendency when the scale of measurement is

relative frequency; percentile

The proportion of area under the normal curve that is directly above a score is the _____ of the score. The percentage of the normal curve to the left of a score is the _____ of the score.

f

The symbol for the number of times a score occurred.

individual differences

The term _____ refers to the fact that no two individuals are identical.

its value is divided by 10.

What happens to the mean of a distribution if every score is divided by 10?

independent variable

When deciding which type of graph (bar, line, histogram, etc.) is appropriate, we consider the characteristics of the

inflection points

Where the normal curve inflects, in between is %68 of scores.

histograms and frequency polygons

Which graphing techniques are appropriate for interval and ratio data?

the median

Which measure of central tendency is appropriate if the shape of the distribution is severely skewed?

ratio

Which measurement scale has a true zero?

nominal

Which measurement scale shows how one individual is qualitatively different from another?

nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio

Which of the following orders lists the scales of measurement from the scale that provides the least specific information to the scale that provides the most specific information?

negatively skewed

Which shape associates with mean<median<mode?

positively skewed

Which shape correlates with the data where mode<median<mean?

cumulative frequency

frequency of all scores @ or below a single score.

Area under part of the curve/total area under the curve

relative frequency represented in a normal curve

weird backwards u

the symbol for poplation mean