Stats Exam 1 Homework

Data

information that describes characteristics of an individual

Cluster Sample

is obtained by dividing the population into groups and selecting all individuals from within a random sample of the groups

Stratified Sample

is obtained by dividing the population into homogeneous groups and randomly selecting individuals from each group.

Classes

categories by which data are grouped

What does relative frequency add too?

1

Variable

characteristics of the individuals within the population

Define Random Sampling A. A sample of size n from a population of size N is obtained through simple random sampling if every possible sample of size n has an equally likely chance of occurring. The sample is then called a simple random sample. B. Simple random sampling is the process of selecting individuals from a population using a convenient sample. The sample is then called a simple random sample. C. Simple random sampling is the process of using chance to select individuals from a population to be included in the sample. The sample is then called a simple random sample. D. Simple random sampling is the process of obtaining a sample of size n from a population of the same size n. The sample is then called a simple random sample.

A. A sample of size n from a population of size N is obtained through simple random sampling if every possible sample of size n has an equally likely chance of occurring. The sample is then called a simple random sample.

What does it mean if a statistic is resistant? A. Extreme values​ (very large or​ small) relative to the data do not affect its value substantially. B. Changing particular data values affects its value substantially. C. An estimate of its value is extremely close to its actual value. D. Extreme values​ (very large or​ small) relative to the data affect its value substantially

A. Extreme values​ (very large or​ small) relative to the data do not affect its value substantially.

To estimate the percentage of defects in a recent manufacturing batch, a quality control manager at selects every 10th that comes off the assembly line starting with the until she obtains a sample of 110 cars . What type of sampling is used? A. Systematic B. Convenience C. Cluster D. Simple random E. Stratified

A. Systematic

Which sampling method does not require a frame? A. Systematic B. Cluster C. Simple Random D. Stratified E. All these methods require a frame

A. Systematic

A news service conducted a survey of 1040 adults ages 18 years or older in a certain country, August 31 September 2, 2015. The respondents were asked, "Of every tax dollar that goes to the federal government, how many cents of each dollar would you say are wasted?" The four possible responses are that the federal government wastes less than 10 cents, between 11 cents and 25 cents, between 26 cents and 50 cents, or 51 cents or more. Of the 1040 individuals surveyed, 38% indicated that 51 cents or more is wasted. The news service reported that 38% of all adults in the country 18 years or older believe the federal government wastes at least 51 cents of each dollar spent, with a margin of error of 5% and a 90% level of confidence. (a) What is the research objective? A. To determine the percent of adults in the country who believe the federal government wastes 51 cents or more of every dollar B. To determine the number o

A. To determine the percent of adults in the country who believe the federal government wastes 51 cents or more of every dollar

What is a bar​ graph? A. A bar graph represents the frequencies of values either from​ left-to-right or​ right-to-left. The different segments of the bar are used to indicate the different frequencies of each category. B. A bar graph is a horizontal or vertical representation of the frequency or relative frequency of the categories. The height of each rectangle represents the​ category's frequency or relative frequency. C. A bar graph is a circular graph that uses bars to divide it into segments corresponding to each category. The segments are proportional to the frequency of its category.

B. A bar graph is a horizontal or vertical representation of the frequency or relative frequency of the categories. The height of each rectangle represents the​ category's frequency or relative frequency.

A news service conducted a survey of 1040 adults ages 18 years or older in a certain country, August 31 September 2, 2015. The respondents were asked, "Of every tax dollar that goes to the federal government, how many cents of each dollar would you say are wasted?" The four possible responses are that the federal government wastes less than 10 cents, between 11 cents and 25 cents, between 26 cents and 50 cents, or 51 cents or more. Of the 1040 individuals surveyed, 38% indicated that 51 cents or more is wasted. The news service reported that 38% of all adults in the country 18 years or older believe the federal government wastes at least 51 cents of each dollar spent, with a margin of error of 5% and a 90% level of confidence. b) What is the population? A. The 1040 adults in the country that were surveyed B. Adults in the country aged 18 years or older C. Adults in the world aged 18 years or older D. The country's f

B. Adults in the country aged 18 years or older

A television station asks its viewers to call in their opinion regarding the desirability of programs in high definition TV. What type of sampling is used? A. Systematic B. Convenience C. Stratified D. Cluster

B. Convenience

True or False When obtaining a stratified sample, the number of individuals included within each stratum must be equal. Choose the correct answer below. A. True. Sampling the same number of people from each stratum will result in a sample that is representative of the population at a lo B. False. Within stratified samples, the number of individuals sampled from each stratum should be proportional to the size of the stra C. False. A stratified sample is constructed by successively selecting a stratum at random and then selecting a random individual fro D. False. When taking a stratified sample, a simple random sample is drawn from one stratum at random. All other strata will not be in

B. False. Within stratified samples, the number of individuals sampled from each stratum should be proportional to the size of the stra

The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development​ (HUD) uses the median to report the average price of a home in the United States. Why do you think HUD uses the​ median? Choose the correct answer below. A. HUD uses the median because the data are symmetrical. B. HUD uses the median because the data are skewed right. C. HUD uses the median because the data are bimodal. D. HUD uses the median because the data are skewed left.

B. HUD uses the median because the data are skewed right.

A web page design firm has two designs for an online hardware store. To determine which is the more effective design, the firm uses one page from 1:00pm until 6:00pm and a second page from 6:00pm until 11:00pm. For each visit, the firm records the amount spent by the visitor and the visitor's rating on the layout. (b) What are the two response variables? A. One response variable is the web page design. This response variable is qualitative. B. One response variable is the visitor's rating on the layout. This response variable is qualitative. C. One response variable is the time of day. This response variable is qualitative. D. One response variable is the amount spent by the visitor. This response variable is quantitative.

B. One response variable is the visitor's rating on the layout. This response variable is qualitative. D. One response variable is the amount spent by the visitor. This response variable is quantitative.

To determine her breathing rate, Carolyn divides up her day into three parts: morning, afternoon, and evening. She then measures her breathing rate at randomly selected times during each part of the day. What type of sampling is used? A. Systematic B. Stratified C. Convenience D. Cluster E. Simple random

B. Stratified

A quality-control manager randomly selects bottles of that were filled on to assess the calibration of the filling machine. What is the sample in the study? A. The 90 bottles of soda selected in the plant in October. B. The 90 bottles of soda selected in the plant on October 11. C. All bottles of soda produced in the plant on October 11. D. All bottles of soda produced in the plant in the given year.

B. The 90 bottles of soda selected in the plant on October 11.

True or False? There is not one particular frequency distribution that is correct, but there are frequency distributions that are less desirable than others. A. The statement is false. There is only one correct frequency distribution for any given data set B. The statement is true. Any correctly constructed frequency distribution is valid. However, some choices for the categories of classes given more information about the shape of the distribution C. The statement is true. Any correctly constructed frequency distribution is valid. However, some are less desirable because they take more time to create.

B. The statement is true. Any correctly constructed frequency distribution is valid. However, some choices for the categories of classes given more information about the shape of the distribution

Office workers are randomly divided into two groups. One group takes meditation breaks throughout the day; the other takes 10-minute walks every 2 hours. After 1 month, each group is given a stress test to compare stress levels. Choose the correct description of the study. A. The study is an experiment because the study examines individuals in a sample, but does not try to influence the variable of intere B. The study is an experiment because the researchers control one variable to determine the effect on the response variable. C. The study is an observational study because the study examines individuals in a sample, but does not try to influence the variable D. The study is an observational study because the researchers control one variable to determine the effect on the response variable

B. The study is an experiment because the researchers control one variable to determine the effect on the response variable.

True or​ False: When comparing two​ populations, the larger the standard​ deviation, the more dispersion the distribution​ has, provided that the variable of interest from the two populations has the same unit of measure. A. True, because the standard deviation is the difference between the largest and smallest observation. When the standard deviation is​ larger, there is more distance between the largest and smallest​ observation, and​ therefore, more dispersion in the distribution. B. True, because the standard deviation describes how​ far, on​ average, each observation is from the typical value. A larger standard deviation means that observations are more distant from the typical​ value, and​ therefore, more dispersed. C. False, because the larger the standard deviation​ is, the less dispersion the distribution has. D. False, because the standard deviation measures the spread of the​ dist

B. True, because the standard deviation describes how​ far, on​ average, each observation is from the typical value. A larger standard deviation means that observations are more distant from the typical​ value, and​ therefore, more dispersed.

True or False When conducting a cluster sample, it is better to have fewer clusters with more individuals when the clusters are heterogeneous. A. False, because the proportion of individuals per cluster to the population should not be affected by whether or not the clusters are B. True, because when the clusters are heterogeneous, they are scaled down versions of the population. C. False. It is better to have fewer clusters when the clusters are homogeneous. D. True, because heterogeneous clusters are not likely to resemble population heterogeneity, increasing the number of necessary ind

B. True, because when the clusters are heterogeneous, they are scaled down versions of the population.

A salesperson obtained a systematic sample of size 25 from a list of 500 clients. To do so, he randomly selected a number from 1 to 20, obtaining the number 12. He included in the sample the 12th client on the list and every client thereafter. List the numbers that correspond to the 25 clients selected. A. 12, 32, ...,487 B. 25, 45,...,500 C. 12, 32,...,492 D. 20,32,...,308

C. 12, 32,...,492

What is a Pareto​ chart? A. A Pareto chart is a combination of a pie chart and a bar graph. B. A Pareto chart is a display of two data sets side by side where the height of each rectangle represents the​ category's frequency or relative frequency. C. A Pareto chart is a bar graph whose bars are drawn in decreasing order of frequency or relative frequency.

C. A Pareto chart is a bar graph whose bars are drawn in decreasing order of frequency or relative frequency.

What is a designed experiment? A. A designed experiment measures the value of the response variable without attempting to influence the value of either the response or explanatory variables. B. A designed experiment is a list of all individuals in a population along with certain characteristics of each individual. C. A designed experiment is when a researcher assigns individuals to a certain group, intentionally changing the value of an explanatory variable, and then recording the value of the response variable for each group.

C. A designed experiment is when a researcher assigns individuals to a certain group, intentionally changing the value of an explanatory variable, and then recording the value of the response variable for each group.

A quality-control manager randomly selects bottles of that were filled on to assess the calibration of the filling machine. 90 soda October 11 What is the population in the study? A. The 90 bottles of soda selected in the plant on October 11. B. The 90 bottles of soda selected in the plant. C. All bottles of soda produced in the plant on October 11. D. All bottles of soda produced in the plant in the given year.

C. All bottles of soda produced in the plant on October 11.

What is an observational study? A. An observational study is a list of all individuals in a population along with certain characteristics of each individual. B. An observational study is when a researcher assigns individuals to a certain group, intentionally changing the value of an explanatory variable, and then recording the value of the response variable for each group. C. An observational study measures the value of the response variable without attempting to influence the value of either the response or explanatory variables.

C. An observational study measures the value of the response variable without attempting to influence the value of either the response or explanatory variables.

To determine customer opinion of her pricing, Home Depot randomly selects 40 check out lines during a certain week and surveys all customers in the check out lines. What type of sampling is used? A. Stratified B. Convenience C. Cluster D. Simple random E. Systematic

C. Cluster

Quantitative variable is discrete or continuous? Length of a piece of string A. Discrete because it's countable B. Discrete because it's not countable C. Continuous because it's not countable D. Continuous because it's countable

C. Continuous because it's not countable

A study conducted by researchers was designed "to determine if application of duct tape is as effective as cryotherapy in the treatment of common warts." The researchers randomly divided 70 patients into two groups. The 35 patients in group 1 had their warts treated by applying duct tape. The 35 patients in group 2 had their warts treated by cryotherapy. Once the treatments were complete, it was determined that 66% of the patients in group 1 and 80% of the patients in group 2 had complete resolution of their warts. The researchers concluded that is significantly more effective in treating warts than . (d) What is the conclusion of the study? A. Duct tape is significantly more effective than cryotherapy in treating warts. B. Duct tape is effective in the treatment of warts. C. Cryotherapy is significantly more effective than duct tape in treating warts. D. Duct tape and cryotherapy are equally effective in treating wa

C. Cryotherapy is significantly more effective than duct tape in treating warts.

True or False A simple random sample is always preferred because it obtains the same information as other sampling plans but requires a smaller sample size. A. False, because simple random samples require a larger sample size than most other sampling methods. B. True, because it does not require extra preparation and can return more information than the other sampling techniques. C. False, because other sampling techniques may provide more information for less cost than a simple random sample. D. True, because every individual has an equal chance of selection.

C. False, because other sampling techniques may provide more information for less cost than a simple random sample.

What does it mean when sampling is done without​ replacement? A. Once an individual is​ selected, the individual can be selected again. B. Once a sample is​ taken, those individuals are no longer considered part of the population. C. Once an individual is​ selected, the individual cannot be selected again. D. Once a sample is​ taken, those individuals cannot be selected for any other samples.

C. Once an individual is​ selected, the individual cannot be selected again

c) Explain how confounding might be an issue with this study. Choose the correct answer below. A. Since there is only one explanatory variable, and two response variables, the explanatory variable will not affect both response var B. Since there are two response variables in this study, they may interact, causing the results to be misleading or incorrect. C. Since the designs are being tested with two different times of day, preferences depending on the time of day may affect the respon D. Since the variables are not all quantitative or all qualitative, they may interact, causing the results to be misleading or incorrect.

C. Since the designs are being tested with two different times of day, preferences depending on the time of day may affect the respone

A news service conducted a survey of 1040 adults ages 18 years or older in a certain country, August 31 September 2, 2015. The respondents were asked, "Of every tax dollar that goes to the federal government, how many cents of each dollar would you say are wasted?" The four possible responses are that the federal government wastes less than 10 cents, between 11 cents and 25 cents, between 26 cents and 50 cents, or 51 cents or more. Of the 1040 individuals surveyed, 38% indicated that 51 cents or more is wasted. The news service reported that 38% of all adults in the country 18 years or older believe the federal government wastes at least 51 cents of each dollar spent, with a margin of error of 5% and a 90% level of confidence. (c) What is the sample? A. The country's federal government B. Adults in the country aged 18 years or older C. The 1040 adults in the country that were surveyed D. Adults in the world aged 18

C. The 1040 adults in the country that were surveyed

A study conducted by researchers was designed "to determine if application of duct tape is as effective as cryotherapy in the treatment of common warts." The researchers randomly divided 70 patients into two groups. The 35 patients in group 1 had their warts treated by applying duct tape. The 35 patients in group 2 had their warts treated by cryotherapy. Once the treatments were complete, it was determined that 66% of the patients in group 1 and 80% of the patients in group 2 had complete resolution of their warts. The researchers concluded that is significantly more effective in treating warts than . (b) What is the population being studied? What is the sample? What is the population being studied? A. The 35 patients in group 2 B. The 35 patients in group 1 C. The 70 patients with warts D. The total number of patients with complete resolution of their warts E. All people who have warts

C. The 70 patients with warts

A study conducted by researchers was designed "to determine if application of duct tape is as effective as cryotherapy in the treatment of common warts." The researchers randomly divided 70 patients into two groups. The 35 patients in group 1 had their warts treated by applying duct tape. The 35 patients in group 2 had their warts treated by cryotherapy. Once the treatments were complete, it was determined that 66% of the patients in group 1 and 80% of the patients in group 2 had complete resolution of their warts. The researchers concluded that is significantly more effective in treating warts than . What is the sample? A. The 35 patients in group 2 B. The total number of patients with complete resolution of their warts C. The 70 patients with warts D. The 35 patients in group 1 E. All people who have warts

C. The 70 patients with warts

A web page design firm has two designs for an online hardware store. To determine which is the more effective design, the firm uses one page from 1:00pm until 6:00pm and a second page from 6:00pm until 11:00pm. For each visit, the firm records the amount spent by the visitor and the visitor's rating on the layout. (a) What is the explanatory variable in this study? Is it qualitative or quantitative? A. The explanatory variable is the amount spent by the visitor. This explanatory variable is quantitative. B. The explanatory variable is the time of day. This explanatory variable is qualitative. C. The explanatory variable is the web page design. The explanatory variable is qualitative. D. The explanatory variable is the visitor's rating on the layout. This explanatory variable is qualitative.

C. The explanatory variable is the web page design. The explanatory variable is qualitative.

e) What can be inferred from this survey? A. The news service is 90% confident that the percentage of all adults in the country who believe the federal government wastes 51 cents or more of every dollar received is 38%. B. There is a 90% chance the federal government wastes 51 cents or more of every dollar received. C. The news service is 90% confident that the percentage of all adults in the country who believe the federal government wastes 51 cents or more of every dollar received is between 33% and 43%. D. The news service is 90% confident that 38% of all adults believe that the federal government wastes 51 cents or more of every dollar received.

C. The news service is 90% confident that the percentage of all adults in the country who believe the federal government wastes 51 cents or more of every dollar received is between 33% and 43%.

A study is conducted to determine if there is a relationship between stomach cancer and alcohol consumption. Everyone treated at a hospital for stomach cancer was asked about their alcohol consumption. Does the description correspond to an observational study or an experiment? A. The study is an experiment because the study examines individuals in a sample, but does not try to influence the variable of intere B. The study is an experiment because the researchers control one variable to determine the effect on the response variable. C. The study is an observational study because the study examines individuals in a sample, but does not try to influence the response D. The study is an observational study because the researchers control one variable to determine the effect on the response variable

C. The study is an observational study because the study examines individuals in a sample, but does not try to influence the response

Price of a new computer. Qualitative or Quantitative? A. The variable is quantitative because it is an attribute characteristic. B. The variable is qualitative because it is an attribute characteristic. C. The variable is quantitative because it is a numerical measure. D. The variable is qualitative because it is a numerical measure.

C. The variable is quantitative because it is a numerical measure.

Time in hours that a light bulb lasts. Qualitative or Quantitative? A. The variable is qualitative because it is an attribute characteristic. B. The variable is qualitative because it is a numerical measure. C. The variable is quantitative because it is a numerical measure. D. The variable is quantitative because it is an attribute characteristic.

C. The variable is quantitative because it is a numerical measure.

A study conducted by researchers was designed "to determine if application of duct tape is as effective as cryotherapy in the treatment of common warts." The researchers randomly divided 70 patients into two groups. The 35 patients in group 1 had their warts treated by applying duct tape. The 35 patients in group 2 had their warts treated by cryotherapy. Once the treatments were complete, it was determined that 66% of the patients in group 1 and 80% of the patients in group 2 had complete resolution of their warts. The researchers concluded that is significantly more effective in treating warts than . (a) What is the research objective? A. To determine if cryotherapy is as effective as duct tape in the treatment of warts B. To determine if cryotherapy is effective in the treatment of warts C. To determine if duct tape is as effective as cryotherapy in the treatment of warts D. To determine if duct tape is effective

C. To determine if duct tape is as effective as cryotherapy in the treatment of warts

For a poll of voters regarding a referendum calling for a national , design a sampling method to obtain the individuals in the sample. Be sure to support your choice. Which sampling method would most likely be used in a poll of voters regarding a referendum calling for a national airlines safety protocol? A. Use cluster sampling. Each geographical region can be treated as a mini-population because voting results are independent of region. B. Use systematic random sampling. By varying the k-value, a sampling of the whole nation can be selected to achieve the needed accuracy. C. Use stratified random sampling. Since this is a national issue, different geographical locations are likely to have similar views. D. Use simple random sampling. Simple random sampling is always the best sampling method to choose regardless of the survey conducted. E. Use convenience sampling. A large number of voters is needed to accurately re

C. Use stratified random sampling. Since this is a national issue, different geographical locations are likely to have similar views.

A news service conducted a survey of 1040 adults ages 18 years or older in a certain country, August 31 September 2, 2015. The respondents were asked, "Of every tax dollar that goes to the federal government, how many cents of each dollar would you say are wasted?" The four possible responses are that the federal government wastes less than 10 cents, between 11 cents and 25 cents, between 26 cents and 50 cents, or 51 cents or more. Of the 1040 individuals surveyed, 38% indicated that 51 cents or more is wasted. The news service reported that 38% of all adults in the country 18 years or older believe the federal government wastes at least 51 cents of each dollar spent, with a margin of error of 5% and a 90% level of confidence. d) List the descriptive statistics. Choose the correct answer below. A. There is a % chance surveying individuals from this country will result in a response that matches how the entire countr

D. 38% of the individuals surveyed indicated that 51 cents or more is wasted.

A study conducted by researchers was designed "to determine if application of duct tape is as effective as cryotherapy in the treatment of common warts." The researchers randomly divided 70 patients into two groups. The 35 patients in group 1 had their warts treated by applying duct tape. The 35 patients in group 2 had their warts treated by cryotherapy. Once the treatments were complete, it was determined that 66% of the patients in group 1 and 80% of the patients in group 2 had complete resolution of their warts. The researchers concluded that is significantly more effective in treating warts than . (c) What are the descriptive statistics? A. There are 70 patients with warts. B. There are 35 patients in group 1 and 35 patients in group 2. C. 66% of all patients treated with duct tape and 80% of all patients treated with cryotherapy will have resolution of their warts. D. 66% of patients in group 1 and 80% of patien

D. 66% of patients in group 1 and 80% of patients in group 2 had resolution of their warts.

Apple wants to administer a satisfaction survey to its current customers. Using their customer database, the company randomly selects 30 customers and asks them about their level of satisfaction with the company. What type of sampling is used? A. Systematic B. Convenience C. Stratified D. Simple random E. Cluster

D. Simple random

In a poll of a sample of 12,000 adults in a certain city, 12% said they left for work before 6 a.m. Statistic or Parameter? A. Statistic, because the data set of all adults in a city is a population. B. Statistic, because the data set of all adults in a city is a sample. C. Parameter, because the data set of all adults in a city is a sample. D. Statistic, because the data set of a sample of 12,000 adults in a city is a sample. E. Parameter, because the data set of a sample of 12,000 adults in a city is a population. F. Parameter, because the data set of all adults in a city is a population. G. Statistic, because the data set of a sample of 12,000 adults in a city is a population. H. Parameter, because the data set of a sample of 12,000 adults in a city is a sample.

D. Statistic, because the data set of a sample of 12,000 adults in a city is a sample.

Discrete Variable

Has either a finite number of possible values or countable number of possible values. The values of these variables typically result from counting

A histogram of a set of data indicates that the distribution of the data is skewed right. Which measure of central tendency will likely be​ larger, the mean or the​ median? Why? A. The median will likely be larger because the extreme values in the left tail tend to pull the median in the opposite direction of the tail. B. The median will likely be larger because the extreme values in the right tail tend to pull the median in the direction of the tail. C. The mean will likely be larger because the extreme values in the left tail tend to pull the mean in the opposite direction of the tail. D. The mean will likely be larger because the extreme values in the right tail tend to pull the mean in the direction of the tail.

D. The mean will likely be larger because the extreme values in the right tail tend to pull the mean in the direction of the tail.

The average age of men who had walked on the moon was 39 years, 11 months, 15 days. Parameter or statistic? A. The value is a statistic because the men who had walked on the moon are a population. B. The value is a statistic because the men who had walked on the moon are a sample. C. The value is a parameter because the men who had walked on the moon are a sample. D. The value is a parameter because the men who had walked on the moon are a population.

D. The value is a parameter because the men who had walked on the moon are a population.

Number of notes in a song. Discrete or Continuous? A. The variable is continuous because it is not countable. B. The variable is discrete because it is not countable. C. The variable is continuous because it is countable. D. The variable is discrete because it is countable.

D. The variable is discrete because it is countable.

Number of runs scored in a baseball game Is the variable discrete or continuous? A. The variable is continuous because it is not countable. B. The variable is discrete because it is not countable. C. The variable is continuous because it is countable. D. The variable is discrete because it is countable.

D. The variable is discrete because it is countable.

True or False Inferences based on voluntary response samples are generally not reliable. Choose the correct answer below. A. False, because a surveyor cannot force volunteers to respond. B. False, because individuals who volunteer are least likely to have personal bias. C. True, because the group that volunteers may not be a large enough sample size. D. True, because it is often the case that the individuals who volunteer do not accurately represent the population.

D. True, because it is often the case that the individuals who volunteer do not accurately represent the population.

To determine customer opinion of their musical variety , Sony randomly selects 40 concerts during a certain week and surveys all concert goers. What type of sampling is used? A. Stratified B. Simple random C. Convenience D. Systematic E. Cluster

E. Cluster

Toshiba wants to administer a satisfaction survey to its current customers. Using their customer​ database, the company randomly selects 50 customers and asks them about their level of satisfaction with the company. What type of sampling is used? A. Systematic B. Stratified C. Cluster D. Convenience E. Sample random

E. Sample random

True or False When taking a systematic random sample of size n, every group of size n from the population has the same chance of being selected?

False, certain groups would never be selected

Which measures are used in the​ five-number summary?

Third quartile, maximum value, minimum value, first quartile, median

True or​ False: Chebyshev's inequality applies to all distributions regardless of​ shape, but the empirical rule holds only for distributions that are bell shaped. A. False, both​ Chebyshev's inequality and the empirical rule will only work for​ bell-shaped distributions. B. True, Chebyshev's inequality is less precise than the empirical​ rule, but will work for any​ distribution, while the empirical rule only works for​ bell-shaped distributions. C. False, both​ Chebyshev's inequality and the empirical rule will work for any distribution. D. False, the empirical rule is less precise than​ Chebyshev's inequality, but will work for any​ distribution, while​ Chebyshev's inequality only works for​ bell-shaped distributions.

True, Chebyshev's inequality is less precise than the empirical​ rule, but will work for any​ distribution, while the empirical rule only works for​ bell-shaped distributions.

Population

entire group of individuals to be studied

Continuous Variable

has an infinite number of possible values that are not countable. the values of these variables typically result from measurement

Qualitative Variable

allow for classification of individuals based on some attribute or characteristic

The BLANK class limit is the smallest value within the class and the BLANK class limit is the largest value within the class.

lower, upper

The standard deviation is used in conjunction with the​ ______ to numerically describe distributions that are bell shaped. The​ ______ measures the center of the​ distribution, while the standard deviation measures the​ ______ of the distribution.

mean, mean, spread

What measure of central tendency best describes the​ "center" of the​ distribution?

median

The Emperical Rule

method of interpreting the standard deviation that applies to data that have a​ bell-shaped distribution.

A frequency distribution lists the BLANK of occurrences of each category of data, while a relative frequency distribution lists the BLANK of occurrences of each category of data.

number, proportion

parameter

numerical summary of a population

A Statistic

numerical summary of a sample

Descriptive Statistics

organizing and summarizing data through tables, graphs, and numerical summaries

A BLANK is a numerical summary of a population

parameter

Individual

person or object that is a member of the group being studied

Quantitative Variable

provide numerical measures of individuals. the measures can be added or subtracted, and provide meaningful results

A BLANK is a numerical summary of a sample

statistic

sample

subset of the group of individuals that is being studied

Class Width

the difference between consecutive lower class limits.

Statistics

the science of collecting, organizing, summarizing, and analyzing information to draw conclusions or answer questions

Inferential Statistics

uses methods that take results from a sample and extends them to the population, and measures the reliability of the result

the BLANK represents the number of standard deviations an observation is from the mean

z-score