STDs: Causative Agent
gonorrhea
1. Neisseria gonorrhoeae 2. called a GONOCOCCUS 3. fastidious 4. gram negative diplococcus 5. pili (fimbriae) for attachment 6. outer membrane has highly branched oligosaccharide structure called lipooligosaccharide--LOS (shorter in length)
syphilis
1. Treponema pallidum 2. SPIROCHETE--very slender, highly motile, outer membrane lacks LPS 3. viewed with dark field microscopy, silver stain 4. endoflagella propel in corkscrew-like motion, allow penetration of a variety of tissues and organs 5. in nature only infects humans--CANNOT BE CULTURED ON LABORATORY MEDIA 6. does not replicate in vitro, grown in testicles of laboratory rabbits 7. lack many metabolic abilities including TCA cycle, electron transport chain, thought to obtain most macromolecules from host
Trichomoniasis
1. Trichomonas vaginalis 2. protozoan with four anterior flagella and a posterior flagellum attached to undulating membrane 3. slender rigid rod (axostyle) protrudes from posterior; used for attachment 4. unmistakable jerky motility by microscopy 5. lacks cyst to aid in survival away from host's body 6. does not have mitochondria; instead, HYDROGENOSOMES
genital herpes
1. herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) -enveloped -double-stranded virus of Herpesviridae 2. herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) -cause of cold sores -can also cause genital herpes 3. either can infect mouth and genitalia, but HSV-2 usually causes more severe genital lesions with greater frequency of recurrence
human papilloma virus/HPV
1. human papillomaviruses 2. non-enveloped 3. double-stranded DNA viruses of papillomaviridae - 4. more than 100 types of HPVs; tissue and species-specific
chlamydia
OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR GRAM NEGATIVE--cannot be cultured on medium, can only be grown in tissue cells - 1. Chlamydia trachomatis 2. spherical Gram negative bacterium 3. elementary body: infectious form that survives outside of the host cell 4. reticulate body: intracellular replicating form 5. different antigenic types cause distinct diseases -8 types responsible for most chlamydial STIs -3 cause lymphogranuloma venereum -4 others cause trachoma, an eye infection that can lead to blindness
