stress management exam 1

Vasopressin

(antidiuretic hormone) hormone released by posterior pituitary; raises blood pressure and enables kidneys to conserve water

Steps of ACTH release

1. anterior hypothalamus 2. corticotropin-releasing factor 3. anterior pituitary 4. acth 5. adrenal gland 6. corticotropin-releasing factor that act to increase metabolism and alter body fluids, and thus blood pressure

Stages of Fight or Flight Response

1. stimulus sent to brain 2. brain deciphers stimulus THREAT 3. body stays activated until threat is over 4. body returns to homeostasis

stages of neuroendocrine pathways

1.The ACTH axis 2. The Vasopressin axis 3. the Thryoxine axis

Approximately this many gallons of water are used to produce a 1-lb. hamburger.

2500

information overload

A condition in which information inflow exceeds an individual's processing capacity

According to Dr. Patricia Norris, this is the "Blueprint Aspect" of mental imagery.

A healing image that is seen through to completion

digital divide

A worldwide gap giving advantage to those with access to technology

what substance is instrumental in returning the body to homeostasis?

Acetylcholine

Addison's disease is associated with the failure of this organ.

Adrenal

what is energy breathing?

Energy breathing is a way to vitalize your body by not only taking in air through your nose or mouth, but, in effect, breathing through your whole body as well.

The threshold of 40 emails is now labeled as email stress. True False

False

The thyroxine axis begins in what endocrine gland?

Hypothalamus

Effects of Diaphragmatic Breathing

Improves gas exchange & increases lung volume

This stressor would be classified as a bioecological influence.

Inadequate sunlight

Which of the following characteristics is not typically experienced in the fight-or-flight response? Increased heart rate Increased blood pressure Increased breathing rate Increased gastric movement Increased serum glucose levels

Increased gastric movement

According to research by Holmes and Rahe, the point values assigned to stressful events are called?

Life-change units

chronic stress

Much longer in duration; days, weeks, etc., but nowhere near as intense type of distress

This factor(s), above all else, determines one's degree of stress.

One's perception or interpretation

Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three phases—alarm, resistance, exhaustion.

acute stress

Short in duration; minutes, but VERY intense distress

Yearkes-Dodson Principle

The Yerkes-Dodson law is a model of the relationship between stress and task performance.

Health

The combination of physical, mental/emotional, and social well-being

This event in adulthood, more so than any other, is still thought to be THE most stressful event in one's life:

The death of a spouse

what system is responsible for the relaxation response?

The parasympathetic nervous

As a result of the stress response, this neuroendocrine pathway is said to have the longest lasting effect.

Thyroxin axis

Future shock is here now, stated futurist Alvin Toffler in a recent NPR. True False

True

whats the sunshine vitamin?

Vitamin D

systematic desensitization

a person uses his or her imagination to help overcome anxiety related to a specific situation by building up a tolerance to the stressor through progressive exposures to it. Commonly used to treat phobias.

What is the fight or flight response?

a physiological reaction that occurs in response to a perceived harmful event, attack, or threat to survival

how to many people breath when awake vs asleep?

awake = thoracic (chest) asleep = abdominal (stomach)

What are the stress hormones?

cortisol, epinephrine, and aldosterone

examples of social influences?

crowded suburbs, traffic jam

Where does the word health come from?

derived from the Anglo word hal, meaning "to heal, to be made whole, or to be holy."

The primary difference between inclusive and exclusive meditation is that with inclusive meditation, you need to have:

detached observation.

what is controlled deep breathing?

diaphragmatic breathing

what neurotransmitter is associated with screen addiction?

dopamine

A form of meditation wherein concentration is focused on one object to the exclusion of all other thoughts, to increase self-awareness and promote relaxation.

exclusive meditation

what are bioecological influences?

external influences, including sunlight, gravitational pull, solar flares, and electromagnetic fields, that affect our biological rhythms. ex. seasonal depression

By and large, healing and curing mean the same thing. True False

false

Epinepherine is released _____ times as often as norepinephrine.

five

Phthalates

found in cosmetics, deodorants, and many plastics used for food packaging, children's toys, and medical devices. Cause kidney & liver damage, lungs, cancer, and low sperm counts (reproductive system).

neuroendocrine pathways

hormone pathways that respond to stimuli from the external environment rely on a sensor in the nervous system

Vasopressin is synthesized in the ____ but released in the ______

hypothalamus, pituitary

form of meditation where all thoughts are invited into awareness without emotional evaluation, judgement, or analysis

inclusive meditation

purpose of thyroxine and triiodothyronine

increase overall metabolism, or the basal metabolic rate (BMR).

An extension of color therapy for which full-spectrum lighting or one color from the light spectrum is used to promote homeostasis and healing.

light therapy

This level of the brain is called the seat of the emotions because it appears to be the first to register pain.

limbic area

When is performance the best with the yearkes-dodson principle?

moderately aroused (medium stress)

Nitsa Lallas attributes the cause of America's current demise of civility to:

narcissism and a national lack of values (contributing not only to social unease, but also to the economic mess the created the Great Recession of 2008-2009)

What percentage of Americans typically don't leave their workstation during the lunch hour?

over 50%

what are psychointrapersonal influences?

perceptions of stimuli that we create through our own mental processes. make up most influences of stress.

purpose of vasopressin

regulate fluid loss through the urinary tract. also regulates blood pressure by changing water/blood concentration. increase blood pressure to ensure that active muscles receive oxygenated blood

what does the adrenal cortex do?

releases cortisol and aldosterone.

what does the adrenal medulla do?

secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

what is an understanding of complicated issues that is caused by information grazing. jumping from site to site and cherry-picking information compromises one's ability to concentrate or focus on something long enough to fully understand all its implications?

shallow effect

origins of attitudes about race and gender

since time people have felt stressed by people of a different race. obama jumpstarted a national discussion on race

stages of hans general adaptation syndrom

stage 1- alarm reaction (fight or flight) stage 2 - stage of resistance (tries to reach homeostasis but alarm is still there so it cant) stage 3 - stage of exhaustion (organs can no longer function properly

steps of the thyroxin axis

stimulus trigger in hypothalamus TRF -> anterior pituitary TTH -> blood stream -> thyroid increase blood pressure to ensure that active muscles receive oxygenated blood

fight or flight nervous system?

sympathetic nervous system

Stress caused by today's fast-paced lifestyle that is dependent on various means of technology, including computers, smartphones, texting, and email—all of which were supposed to give people more leisure time. Instead, people have become slaves to technology, addicted to the constant use of these devices.

technostress

The Yerkes-Dodson Theory suggests that:

there is an optimal stress level that promotes

a technique derived from Hinduism that promotes deep relaxation through recitation of a mantra. example of exclusive meditation

transcendental meditation

Abdominal breathing is known to help relieve the symptoms of chronic pain. True False

true

Cardiologist Dr. Dean Ornish has observed a reversal of coronary artery blockage with a combination of exercise, diet, and meditation. True False

true

Conceptually speaking, the model of holistic wellness paradigm is similar to the model of energy layers that comprise the human energy field. True False

true

The dualism of mind and body, which has so strongly influenced Western medicine, was conceived and advocated by Rene Descartes and by association, advocated by Isaac Newton. True False

true

The key to helping relieve the stress of PTSD appears to be releasing memories from the unconscious mind. True False

true

3 levels of the brain

vegetative level, limbic system, neocortical level

difference between visualization and mental imagery

visualization is "a conscious choice with intentional instructions," whereas "imagery is a spontaneous flow of thoughts originating from the unconscious mind."

Form of meditation that focuses on breathing. Very popular in Buddhism. inclusive type of meditation.abandonment of the concept of dualities (good vs. bad

zen meditation

Many biologists now refer to our age as the _______ due to overhunting and fishing, loss of habitat, and pollution, all of which will impact us.

"sixth mass extinction"