Study guide bollywood

Abhinaya

the art of expression in Indian aesthetics. More accurately it means "leading an audience towards" the experience (bhava) of a sentiment (rasa).

Kathak

("storytelling" by Kathakalis, or "storytellers")Kathak is indigenous to northern India and developed under the influence of both Hindu and Muslim cultures.

Date of Indian Independence

1947

Post Independent Bollywood era: Transition from tradition to modern

1960s-1970s: Focus on romance and violence 1970s-1980s: Imitation of Western movies focused on gangs 1990s onwards: Rise of individualism, questioning parents, intergenerational conflicts Remaking old classics More partnerships with Hollywood

BharatNatyam

Conventionally a solo dance performed only by women, initiated in the Hindu temples of Tamil Nadu (South India), thought to be over 2000 years old; visual evidence of this dance form in paintings, stone and metal sculptures of ancient times

Nritya

Dance

Nataraj

Lord of dance, a depiction of Lord Shiva as basis for poses for Indian dance

Raga

Melody

Bhumi

Mother Earth

Bhangas

Odissi's 5 Distinct Body Postures

Natya Shastra

Oldest surviving text on stagecraft in the world. Many chapters contain detailed treatments of all the diverse arts that are embodied in the classical Indian concept of the drama, including dance, music, poetics, and general aesthetics. Its primary importance lies in its justification of Indian drama as a vehicle of religious enlightenment.

Odissi

One of eight Indian classical dances, oldest in India

Raja Ravi Verma

Paintings fusing Indian tradition with Western technique. Paintings influenced by the Ramayana and Mahabharata--but using westernized painting techniques.

Bollywood

Popular commercial Hindi films based in Mumbai (formerly Bombay) Largest film industry in the world

Maharis

The Devadasis of Jagannath temple

anti-nautch

The movement against devadasi practices

Devadasi

temple dancer): "female servant of God" ; refer to the class of women who through various ceremonies of 'marriage' dedicated themselves to dietes of temples to which they were offered to/ born into; associated with the goddess Yellamma

Bollywood Markers of cultural identiy

love, family, religion, song, and dance

Chowka

(Square Pose) The dancer is in Chowka pada, both knee bended and out. Both arms bend from elbow, palm facing down. Both elbow should remain straight in the line of the shoulder. The arms should be 90º angle from the elbow. The head, neck and the body should be straight as Samabhanga. - symbolizes Lord Jagannath

Tribhanga

(Three Flexions): The dancer stands with Three bends, one is the knee point, second waist line and the third is the neck point. The foot position is Tribhanga paada, both knee bended and out. The head is Paribahita (tilted to one side)

Mudras

(hand positions): padma (flower),Alapadma (flowering lotus), katari (scissors), mushti (fist), pataka/tripataka (flag/three parts of the flag), mayura (peacock), shikhara (looks like thumbs up, meaning heroism),

Old Age Traditions that are being outlawed or are less prominent

-Child marriage (prohibited- Sarda Act) -Indian widows are remarrying, -Caste system in India is being increasingly secularized, -Girl are taking active participation in education and profession.

Raja Harishchandra (1913)

-First Indian-made silent film -focused on notion of Dharma

the schools of kathak

-Lucknow Gharana: minute delicate movements -Banaras Gharana: spiritual aspect -Jaipur Gharana: warrior style

Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (1995)

-One of the most successful Bollywood films which is still played in theaters -Reinforcing family value as it changes with modernity and cultural identity in younger generations -Explores gender roles and female expectations to marry

Odissi's 5 Distinct Body Postures (Bhangas)

-Samabhanga (equal posture): dancer stands straight with head and eyes are in 'Sama' and the hands are on the waist resting both sides. -Abhanga (Slight Flexion): The dancer stays with Anukunchita pada with both knees bent slightly to one side and both hands resting on one side of the waist. -Tribhanga (Three Flexions): The dancer stands with Three bends, one is the knee point, second waist line and the third is the neck point. The foot position is Tribhanga paada, both knee bended and out. The head is Paribahita (tilted to one side) -Chowka (Square pose): The dancer is in Chowka pada, both knee bended and out. Both arms bend from elbow, palm facing down. Both elbow should remain straight in the line of the shoulder. The arms should be 90º angle from the elbow. The head, neck and the body should be straight as Samabhanga. - symbolizes Lord Jagannath -Atibhanga (Excessive Flexion): The dancer's head, torso and limbs move in directions opposed to each other. Atibhanga is concerned with the dramatic dance forms called Tandava i.e., the Nataraja poses of the dancing Shiva, the delighted dance of Krishna and others.

Dharma

-What is right -Root Sanskrit word dhir -sense of right and righteousness has become main focus of every film

Queen Movie Themes

Can argue it is a feminist movie because: -It shows Queen discovering and embracing a new sense of freedom while exploring Europe -Becomes an independent woman who does not seek approval from her male counterparts -Addresses and challenges the social norms of conservative Indian society

Natya

Expression

Bhava

Expressions

Guru and Shishya

Guru: Teacher Shishya: Studemt

Nritta

Pure dance

Tala or Taal?

Rhythm

Shah Rukh Khan

Shah Rukh Khan also known as SRK, is an Indian film actor, producer and television personality. Referred to in the media as the "Badshah of Bollywood", "King of Bollywood", "King Khan", he has appeared in more than 80 Bollywood films. Khan has a significant following in Asia and the Indian diaspora worldwide.

Globilization

Transnational flow of capital images and people -indians becoming part of international workforce -films made with a more global audience in mind

Bhangra

a traditional form of dance and music which originates from the Punjab region of India and Pakistan. Initially used as a celebratory folk dance which heralded the coming of spring, or Baisakh.

Nationalism

developed during the Indian Independence movement, fought against british colonial regime, a movement inclusive of all the people in India despite the nation's diversity in ethnicity and religious backgrounds

Culture

encompassing the range of phenomena that are transmitted through social learning in human societies- Human thought as social and public is one characteristic of the "control mechanism" view of culture according to Geertz. Three markers of culture are land, language, and religion

Globalization

global flows of goods, information, images, and people and ideas on the one hand, and various consolidations of identities (linguistic, religious, regional, caste, gender) on the other.

Modernity

refers to the contemporary behavior or way of doing things. It is fresh, new and modern. Modernity is not altogether new in India. It is more than a hundred years old and has during this period been making steady headway.

Tradition

refers to the the customs, beliefs and cultural practices that are past down from one generation to the next generation. It has its origin in the past.

gharanas

schools of kathak.

Gotipua

the folk dance of Orissa; precursor to the Odissi classical dance. In Oriya language, "Goti" means single and "Pua" means boy. For centuries, the Gotipua dance has been performed in Orissa by young boys who dress up as female to praise Lord Jagannath and Lord Krishna.