study guide
A program, or collection of programs, through which users interact with a database is known as a(n) _________________________.
DBMS
A(n) ____ frees programmers who write database access programs from having to engage in mundane data manipulation activities, such as adding new data and deleting existing data.
DBMS
Which of the following is used to create and maintain the physical database?
Database Management System (DBMS)
An entity is also defined as an attribute.
False
An entity is represented by a column in the Entity-Relationship Model.
False
Data is in second normal form (2NF) if it contains no repeating groups and has a primary key to uniquely identify each record.
False
Data redundancy is created through a process known as normalization.
False
Each table in a database represents two or more entities.
False
Which of the following statements is correct?
In a nondatabase, file-oriented environment, data is often partitioned into several disjointed systems with each system having its own collection of files.
The steps used to design and develop a database are commonly referred to as the ______________________________.
SDLC
A many-to-many relationship cannot exist in a relational database.
True
An attribute is a characteristic or property of an entity.
True
Data mining refers to analyzing historical data stored in a database.
True
A(n) ____ is the computer counterpart to an ordinary paper file you might keep in a file cabinet or an accounting ledger.
data file
Analyzing historical data stored in a database is referred to as ____________________.
data mining
Analyzing historical sales data stored in a database is commonly referred to as ____.
data mining
An integrity constraint is a rule that ____.
data must follow in the database
Unlike a typical data file, a database can store information about multiple ____.
entities
A(n) ____ is a person, place, object, event, or idea for which you want to store and process data.
entity
____ are screen objects used to maintain, view, and print data from a database.,
forms
A(n) ____________________ relationship cannot exist in a physical relational database.
many-to-many
A(n) ____________________ relationship means data can have multiple occurrences in both entities.
many-to-many
If a recipe contains several ingredients, and those ingredients can also be used in other recipes, this would be an example of what type of relationship?
many-to-many
A database file requires a large amount of disk space and internal ____________________.
memory
Suppose that a patient in a hospital can only be assigned to one room. However, the room may be assigned to more than one patient at a time. This is an example of what type of relationship?
one-to-many
What type of relationship is depicted in Figure 2?
one-to-many
Storing the same data in more than one place is called ____.
redundancy
The multi-step process used when creating a new system is referred to as ____.
the Systems Development Life Cycle
If the data has no partial dependencies repeating groups, or transitive dependencies, and has a composite primary key, the data is in which form?
third normal form (3NF)
Data in second normal form (2NF) may contain which of the following?
transitive dependencies
What is the purpose of an E-R Model?
An E-R Model is used by designers to determine the types of relationships that exist among entities to be included in the database. In particular, it identifies many-to-many relationships that must be eliminated before the physical database is created.
A group of people in charge of a database within an organization is often called the ____________________.
DBA
A good ____ should provide an opportunity for users to incorporate integrity constraints when they design the database.
DBMS
____ is a property that lets you change the structure of the database without requiring you to change the programs that access the database.
Data independence
If entity A in Figure 2 represents customers and entity B represents automobiles, which of the following statements is correct?
Each customer can own many cars, but each car can be owned by only one customer.
There is a greater impact of failure in a nondatabase, file-oriented system.,
False
To create forms to use with a database you must write a program.
False
Transitive dependency can only exist if the data is uniquely identified by a composite primary key.
False
A file is composed of a group of related ____________________.
Records
The problem of inconsistency in data is a direct result of ____________________.
Redundancy
_________________________ is a data sublanguage that processes sets of data.
SQL
SQL commands can be issued in Oracle 12c through ____________________ which is an interface that allows users to interact with the database.
SQL*Plus
Which of the following is an interface tool that allows a user to create edit, and manipulate data in Oracle 12c?,
SQL*Plus
A foreign key appears on the many side of a one-to-many relationship.
True
Structured Query Language (SQL) is generally used to interact with a database.
True
The Systems Development Life Cycle is a series of steps that can be used to guide the development process for a database management system.
True
The following types of relationships can be included in an Entity-Relationship Model: one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-many.
True
The occurrence of data anomalies would indicate an unnormalized database design.
True
The relationship between different entities (in different tables) is handled by their common columns.
True
Which of the following is an example of an attribute?
a person's hair color
A person who is in charge of a database within an organization is often called the database ____.
administrator
Data mining refers to ____.
analyzing data already stored in a database
A(n) ____ is also called a field or column in many database systems.
attribute
The ____ of an entity become the columns in the database table.
attributes
A(n) ____________________ table can be added to the physical database to eliminate a many-to-many relationship.
bridging
A ____ is a group of interrelated files.
database
Which of the following does not contain repeating groups, but has a primary key and possibly partial dependencies?
first normal form (1NF)
Which of the following may contain partial dependencies, but cannot contain repeating groups?
first normal form (1NF)
Which of the following may contain transitive dependencies, but not partial dependencies?
first normal form (1NF)
A database has ____ if the data in it satisfies all established integrity constraints.
integrity
The fact that a person can wear different size clothes and that different people can wear the same size clothes is best characterized as a what type of relationship?
many-to-many
Data is in third normal form if it is in second normal form and has no _________________________.
transitive dependencies
What is the purpose of a foreign key?
A foreign key is used to link data together that is contained in more than one table. It is usually found in the many side of a one-to-many relationship and links to the primary key in the other table.
Which of the following committees are responsible for establishing SQL guidelines?
ANSI and ISO
A collection of fields is a file.
False
A database is a physical storage device for data.
False
A field in the logical design of a database corresponds to a row in the physical table of a relational database.
False
A field is a basic unit of data also referred to as a record.
False
An attribute is known as a row in most databases.
False
Only one type of relationship can be represented in an Entity-Relationship Model.
False
Which statement best describes the relationship shown in Figure 1?
For every occurrence of A, there can only be one occurrence of B.
A database will not only hold information about multiple types of entities, but also information about the relationships among these multiple entities.
True
The simplest approach to remove a partial dependency is to use each portion of the primary key to create separate tables.
True
One disadvantage of a database system is ____.
a larger file size
A(n) ____________________ is a basic unit of data that can consist of a letter, number, or special symbol.
character
A field in the logical design of a database is represented by what in the physical database?
column
A field is referred to as a(n) ____________________ in the physical database.
column
Which of the following can be used to link the data in two or more tables together?
common field
A(n) ____________________ is a common field between two tables and is also a primary key for one of the tables.
foreign key
What name is used to denote a common field that exists between two tables, but is also the primary key for one of the tables?,
foreign key
Which of the following types of relationships cannot exist in a relational database?
one-to-one
A(n) ____________________ is a group of related fields.
record
A(n) ____________________ is referred to as a row in the physical database.
record
Which of the following terms represents a collection of fields?
record
Eliminating ____________________ not only saves space but also makes the process of updating data much simpler.
redundancy
A record in the logical design of a database corresponds to a ____ in the physical database.
row
In which step of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) are the logical and physical components defined?
systems design
Which of the following may contain repeating groups of data?
unnormalized data
What steps/tasks are required to convert unnormalized data to third normal form (3NF)?
Any repeating groups are eliminated from the unnormalized data and a primary key is identified to put the data in first normal form. If the primary key is a composite primary key, then any partial dependencies must also be eliminated to convert the data to second normal form. Once the data is in second normal form, any transitive dependencies are eliminated and the data is then in third normal form.
A good _________________________ has many features that allow users to gain access to data in a database without having to do any programming.
DBMS
A(n) ______________________________ is used to create and maintain the structure of a database.
DBMS
Popular ____ include Access, Oracle, DB2, MySQL, and SQL Server.,DBMSs
DBMSs
A foreign key uniquely identifies each row in a table.
False
A one-to-many relationship cannot be included in a relational database.
False
A one-to-many relationship means that an occurrence of a specific entity can only exist once in each table.
False
If a primary key has been identified for the data then the data is considered to be in first normal form (1NF).
False
Programs created with Visual Basic, Java, Perl, PHP, or C++ can access the database directly, rather than having to access it through the DBMS.
False
Redundancy wastes space because you are storing different types of data in the same place.
False
Tables can be linked or joined together through their primary keys.
False
Data is in ____________________ normal form if it does not have any repeating groups and has a primary key.
First
____ is the prevention of unauthorized access to the database.
Security
A DBA can assign passwords to prevent unauthorized users from accessing the data.
True
A bridging table can be used to eliminate a many-to-many relationship in a relational database.
True
A character is a basic unit of data and can consist of a numberletter, or special symbol.
True
A collection of records is a file.
True
A column represents a field in the physical database table.
True
A record in the logical design of a database corresponds to a row in the physical table of a relational database.
True
An advantage of using the database approach to processing is that it facilitates consistency.
True
Partial dependency can only exist if the data is uniquely identified by a composite primary key.
True
Partial dependency means that at least one of the data values is dependent on only a portion of the primary key.
True
Sharing data is one advantage of database processing.
True
Software packages, called database management systems, can do the job of manipulating databases for you.
True
Two tables can be linked or joined together through a common field.
True
A DBMS includes which of the following capabilities?
all of the above
Which of the following is not a step in the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?
all of the above are steps in the SDLC
What is added to a relational database to eliminate many-to-many relationships?
bridging table
Which of the following terms is considered the basic unit of data in a database?
character
A field is a group of related ____________________.
characters
A field in the logical design of a database corresponds to a ____ in the physical database.
column
Partial dependency exists if what conditions exist?
column is dependent only on a portion of a composite primary key
Which of the following can lead to partial dependencies?
composite primary key
If uncontrolled,what can lead to data anomalies?
data redundancy
A ____ is a storage structure designed to hold a collection of data.
database
A(n) ____________________ is a group of interrelated files.
database
A(n) ____________________ is a storage structure that contains data.
database
During the ____ process, a database expert determines the structure of the required database
database design
In an E-R Model a person place, or thing with characteristics to be stored in the database are referred to as?
entity
A visual way to represent a database is with a(n) ____.
entity-relationship diagram
What represents a characteristic or attribute that is being collected about an entity?
field
Which of the following terms best describes where a group of characters that represents a customer's address would be stored in the logical design?
field
Which of the following terms refers to a group of related records?
file
Which of the following usually correlates to a primary key in another table?
foreign key
A foreign key is usually found on which side of a relationship?
many
Data in third normal form (3NF) contains which of the following?
none of the above
Which of the following is used to determine the correct organization for data that is to be stored in a database?
normalization process
A straight line with a crow's foot at one end depicts a(n) ____________________ relationship in an E-R Model.
one-to-many
In a(n) ____________________ relationship between two entities each occurrence of the first entity is related to many occurrences of the second entity and each occurrence of the second entity is related to only one occurrence of the first entity.
one-to-many
A solid straight line in an E-R Model depicts a(n) ____________________ relationship.
one-to-one
What type of relationship is depicted in Figure 1?
one-to-one
Data is in second normal form if it is in first normal form and has no ____________________.
partial dependencies
An) ____________________ is used to uniquely identify each record.
primary key
Which of the following is used to uniquely identify each record?
primary key
When you need to change data
redundancy makes your changes more cumbersome and time-consuming.,True
Data in first normal form (1NF) does not contain which of the following?
repeating groups
A record in the logical design of a database is represented by what in the physical database?
row
In which step of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is the solution to the identified problem determined and understood?
systems analysis
In which step of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is the system actually used by the end-user on a regular basis?
systems deployment
A file is referred to as a(n) ____________________ in an Oracle 12c database.
table
If at least one value in a record does not depend upon the primary key then a _________________________ exists.
transitive dependency