Study.com Praxis 5235 biology
The Fluid Mosaic Model describes parts of the cell membrane such as proteins and phospholipids as _____.
floating laterally throughout the space
Which type of chart illustrates relationships between concepts or steps in a process? Bar Chart Flow Chart Table Line Graph Pie Chart
flow chart
The validity of a source refers to: how long it is how factual it is how relevant it is to your work how old it is how trustworthy it is
how relevant it is to your work
Which type of chart plots the relationship between dependent and independent variables? Flow Chart Bar Chart Line Graph Pie Chart
line graph
A _____ pKa indicates a _____ acid. lower; stronger lower; weaker neutral; conjugate higher; stronger
lower; stronger
What are the four bases in DNA called? thymine (T), cytosine (C), uracil (U) and guanine (G) adenine (A), thymine (T), uracil (U) and cytosine (C) adenine (A), uracil (U), guanine (G) and cytosine (C) adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G)
adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G)
When a protein makes it easier for a biological reaction to happen, it is acting as _____. an enzyme a transporter a structural protein a messenger
an enzyme
When a bond forms, energy is given off to the surroundings. This is an example of Newton's third law. an exothermic reaction an endothermic reaction the law of conservation of matter.
an exothermic reaction
A reaction that occurs spontaneously is called what? endergonic positive endothermic exothermic
exothermic
When living cells break down molecules of food, energy is stored as ADP released as DNA created in the nucleus created by the blood stored as ATP
stored as ATP
The part of science dealing with naming and classifying organisms is called _____.
taxonomy
What is microscopy? None of the other answers are correct. The act of using a microscope to view tiny things that cannot be seen with the unaided eye. Looking through any kind of scope, whether a microscope or telescope etc. Anything that magnifies an image, whether visible with the unaided eye or not.
the act of using a microscope to view tiny things that cannot be seen with the unaided eye
If a silicon atom has four valence electrons, what is the maximum number of bonds it can form?
4
What is the pH of your solution if [H3O+] = 1 x 10^-4?
4
When would you want to use a ventilation hood in the lab?
Any time you're working with chemicals that are unsafe to inhale
Photosynthesis would work best in which of the following scenarios? Deep under water A sunny porch Inside a cave Inside a dark closet
A sunny porch
A log-log chart is created using base 10 logarithms for both axes. An x value of -1.5 corresponds to a y value of -2. What are the original numbers being represented by x and y?
(x,y) = (10 to the -1.5 , 10 to the -2
Unlike DNA, RNA _____. Is single-stranded Both answers are correct. Neither answer is correct. Contains bases A, U, C and G
Both answers are correct.
Identify this extremophile bacteria, a halobacteria which loves salty environments, as a eukaryote or prokaryote
All bacteria are prokaryotic, so these cells are prokaryotes
A cation has a ______ charge.
positive
Conservation of matter means that:
Matter is never created nor destroyed.
Which of the following is a p-value that would show statistical significance? 0.75 0.04 1.05 0.21 0.3
0.04
What is the pH of a 0.3 M solution of a strong acid?
0.52
What is the density of a solid that has a mass of 9.2 grams and a volume of 12.3 cm3 ? Would this object float or sink in water?
0.75 g/cm3, float
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 2s orbital?
2
A semi-log chart is created in which the y-axis has been converted to base 10 logarithms. At a particular x value, the corresponding y value falls exactly halfway between 3 and 4. What original number is being represented on the y-axis?
10 to the 3.5
Consider the following semi-log chart that shows exponential cooling of an object over time (in minutes). What is the approximate ratio of the temperature at 2 minutes to the temperature at 3 minutes? At 2 min the log10 is -2.3 and at 3 min the log10 is -4.5
10(-2.3 - (-4.5)) = 158.5
What is the mass of a liquid with a density of 2.12 g/mL and a volume of 53.0 mL (to the nearest gram)?
112 grams
How many sections does an SDS have? 3 16 5 8 12
16
How many molecules of ATP does anaerobic respiration provide? 28 32 4 1 2
2
How many net ATP molecules are gained from glycolysis? 3 1 2 4
2
Which of the following correctly represents the electron carriers that are reduced during the citric acid (Krebs) cycle? 2 FADH and 6 NADH H+ 2 FAD and 3 NAD+ 10 NADH+ H+ 4 FADH2 and 6 NADH+H+ 2 FADH2 and 6 NADH+H+
2 FADH2 and 6 NADH+H+
How many kinds of amino acids can the human body use? 20 4 38 10
20
How many natural amino acids are there?
20
If you are driving at a speed of 55.0 miles per hour, then what is your speed in meters per second? (Hint: 1 mile = 1,600 meters.)
24.4 meters/second
One mole of aluminum atoms has a mass of 27 grams. How many grams are in 9.0 moles of aluminum?
243 grams
Choose the correctly balanced equation for the following reaction: Potassium + water → potassium hydroxide + hydrogen gas 2K + 2H₂O → K + HO₂ 2K + 2H₂O → 2KOH + H₂ K + 2H₂O → KOH + H₂ K + H₂O → KOH + 2H
2K + 2H₂O → 2KOH + H₂
Choose the correctly balanced equation for the following reaction: Sodium + water → sodium hydroxide + hydrogen gas Na + H₂O → NaOH + H₂ Na₂O + H₂O → NaOH + H Na₂ + H₂O → NaOH + H 2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂
2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂
How many mL are in 3.4 L?
3,400 mL
Which of the following answers is an example of continuous data? 3.14 cm 4 zebras 10 tests 3 pies 1 apple
3.14 cm
The density of mercury is 13.6 g/mL. What is its density in lbs/L? (Hint: 1 lb = 0.454 kg)
30.0 lbs/L
Use dimensional analysis to convert 4 days into seconds.
345,600 seconds
If you are looking through an eyepiece with 10x magnification, and the objective lens you're using is 40x magnification, what is the total magnification of the image?
400x
What is the hydronium ion concentration or [H3O+] of juice pH 2.25?
5.6 x 10^-3 M
Which of the following is the closest to a mass of 500 mL of water? 50 g 500 kg 0.500 g 5 kg 500 g
500 g
Which of the following is a conversion factor? 55-60 hours 60 seconds/1 minute 1,000 m per 30 lbs.
60 seconds/1 minute
Select the statement that represents discrete quantitative data. 83 is my favorite number. 71 is a prime number. My sister weighs 65.2 pounds. 7 people came to my party.
7 people came to my party.
If Argon is a noble gas and its atomic number is 18, how many electrons can be found in the valence level?
8
Which of the following answers is an example of discrete data? 8 puppies 16 miles 120 pounds 58 km 1.12 inches
8 puppies
What makes the statement 'the presence of a catalyst will slow down a reaction' incorrect? A catalyst actually increases the rate of reaction by lowering the amount of energy needed to start the process. A catalyst will either increase or decrease the rate of reaction based on what type of material is used. A catalyst actually increases the rate of reaction by its very introduction into a slow process. A catalyst will increase the rate of reaction by raising the amount of energy dedicated to fueling the process.
A catalyst actually increases the rate of reaction by lowering the amount of energy needed to start the process.
Eukaryote
A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles; these include animal, plant, and fungi cells
What is induced fit? A chemical reaction in a cell The rise in the free energy in a cell A change in enzyme shape to bind to a substrate The barrier to a chemical reaction in the cell
A change in enzyme shape to bind to a substrate
What is the best definition for a scientific law? An indisputable scientific fact A description of how something happens An explanation of why an event occurs A description of what happens each time a phenomenon occurs in a given situation
A description of what happens each time a phenomenon occurs in a given situation
How is a scientific law different from a scientific theory? A law becomes a theory in time. A law does not explain why something happens. A theory does not explain why something happens. A theory becomes a law in time.
A law does not explain why something happens.
What is a good thing to have with your first aid kit? A fire extinguisher Instructions on how to clean up chemical spills An emergency cell phone A list of emergency numbers A list of common chemical reactions
A list of emergency numbers
What is a controlled variable in an experiment? A number or feature that is kept the same in an experiment. A number or feature that is changeable - that can have a lot of different possible values. None of the other answers are correct. A number or feature that is allowed to change in an experiment. Something used as a standard of comparison for checking the results of an experiment.
A number or feature that is kept the same in an experiment.
Iron binds tightly to the heme group in the protein hemoglobin. What type(s) of helper molecule would this be considered? Only a cofactor A prosthetic group and cofactor Only a coenzyme A coenzyme, cofactor, and prosthetic group A cofactor and coenzyme
A prosthetic group and cofactor
What is the definition of a logarithmic scale AND what is the difference between a semi-log chart and a log-log chart?
A scale in which the units on the axis are powers, or logarithms, of a base number; a semi-log chart includes only one axis using a logarithmic scale, while a log-log chart includes two axes using a logarithmic scale
What is chemical biology? A science that involves using the techniques, tools, and methods of biology to the study of chemical systems. A science that involves using the techniques, tools, and methods of chemistry to the study of biological systems. A science that involves studying how chemicals affect the body's systems on a large scale. A science that involves looking at how chemicals move inside the body.
A science that involves using the techniques, tools, and methods of chemistry to the study of biological systems.
What do we call an explanation of why things happen that is tested and accepted as being true? A scientific theory A scientific law The scientific method A hypothesis
A scientific theory
How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific law? A scientific law becomes a scientific theory> A scientific theory becomes a scientific law with time. A scientific theory explains why something happens, whie a scientific law does not. Theories and laws are the same thing and do not differ.
A scientific theory explains why something happens, whie a scientific law does not.
Prokaryote
A single celled bacteria or archaea with no membrane bound organelles or nucleus
What is a neutral solution?
A solution that contains equal concentrations of [H3O+] and [OH-]
What are stem cells? A special kind of human cell that have the potential to slow the production of cells of any type in the body. A special kind of human cell that has the potential to cause the rapid production of many cells of any type in the body. Cells from the stem of a plant. Every cell in the human brain stem is a stem cell.
A special kind of human cell that has the potential to cause the rapid production of many cells of any type in the body.
Which best describes an experiment? Making scientific observations that lead to scientific questions A step-by-step process to test a scientific question A step-by-step process to test a hypothesis None are correct a proposed activity to test scientific observations
A step-by-step process to test a hypothesis
Which of the following is an example of a secondary source? An article written by one scientist that has not yet been published in a journal Witness testimony All are correct The Declaration of Independence A text book
A text book
What is a variable?
A variable is a number or feature that is changeable - that can have lots of different possible values.
Which of the following is MOST likely to result in a hydrogen bond? A polar molecule with a nonpolar molecule A nonpolar molecule with a nonpolar molecule A water molecule with another water molecule An ion with another ion
A water molecule with another water molecule
Which of the following is MOST likely to result in a hydrogen bond? An ion with another ion A polar molecule with a nonpolar molecule A water molecule with another water molecule A nonpolar molecule with a nonpolar molecule
A water molecule with another water molecule
What is the scientific method? A way of conducting a particular experiment -- the steps you have to take. A way of conducting investigations to make conclusions from any investigation, no matter how bad. A way of conducting investigations to make accurate conclusions, using systematic observation, measurement, experiment and modification of hypotheses. The way scientists walk. The way scientists measure things.
A way of conducting investigations to make accurate conclusions, using systematic observation, measurement, experiment and modification of hypotheses.
What is a science experiment?
A way of figuring out the structure and behavior of the world using a systematic method.
What is a coefficient? A whole number that appears as a subscript in front of a formula in a balanced chemical equation. A whole number that appears in front of a compound or element in a balanced chemical equation. A whole number that appears as a superscript at the end of a formula in a balanced chemical equation. A whole number that appears as a subscript at the end of a formula in a balanced chemical equation.
A whole number that appears in front of a compound or element in a balanced chemical equation.
Why is it beneficial to use a logarithmic scale to measure pH? It is not beneficial. A wider range of values can be measured. It is easy to calculate. It is easy to remember.
A wider range of values can be measured.
Which of the following is true about chlorophyll? Exists in the stroma It is a protein Absorbs specific light wavelengths Is broken down into a food source
Absorbs specific light wavelengths
The location of substrate binding is called the Catalyst Induced Fit Active Site Enzyme-Substrate complex Lactose
Active Site
Which of the following are produced in the dark reactions? ADP, NADP+, G3P, Carbon dioxide ATP, NADPH, Glucose, Oxygen ATP, NADPH, Oxygen, G3P ADP, NADP+, G3P ADP, NADP+, G3P, Oxygen
ADP, NADP+, G3P
Which of the following are used in the dark reactions but produced in the light reactions? Carbon dioxide, ATP ADP, NADP+ Oxygen, NADPH ATP, NADPH RuBP, ATP, NADPH
ATP, NADPH
What is the final product from the intermediate step between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle? Pyruvate NADH + H+ Acetyl coenzyme A Pyruvate oxidation Oxaloacetic acid
Acetyl coenzyme A
Protons pumped into the central vacuole can affect this space by making it:
Acidic
Pepsin works optimally in your stomach due to its Acidic pH basic pH substrate concentration low temperature high temperature
Acidic pH
The pH scale is a way of measuring _______. Concentration Acidity Volume Time
Acidity
Which of the following stages/processes releases carbon dioxide? The electron transport chain Alcoholic fermentation Glycolysis Oxygen reduction Lactic Acid fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation
Which of the following statements is true about random error? It is unavoidable It is just as likely to be positive as negative All are true It occurs without any recognizable pattern Over time it will theoretically balance out Next
All are true
How does an atom try to fill its valence shell? By giving away electrons. By adding electrons. All answers are correct. By sharing electrons.
All answers are correct.
Which is a membrane-bound organelle? Endoplasmic Reticulum Chloroplasts All answers are correct. Nucleus Mitochondria
All answers are correct.
What did Archimedes use to determine that the crown was not really made of gold? All are correct The density of the crown The density of gold The volume of the crown The mass of the crown
All are correct
What is a challenge of presenting scientific information orally? Engaging listeners through visuals All are correct Getting a lot of information out in a short amount of time Using appropriate scientific language Being clear and organized
All are correct
Where might a scientist publish a written work? Books Journals Technical reports Online All are correct
All are correct
Which is a way to examine the accuracy of a source? Its list of other works cited Whether it makes sense or not Check it against other reputable sources All are correct The methodology of the research
All are correct
Which of the following is a benefit of print sources? They may be published on a regular basis All are correct They are around for long periods of time They go through more rigorous screening They can be accessed at local and university libraries
All are correct
Which of the following is a biological specimen? Laboratory mice Plant material Microbes All are correct Preserved dissection animals
All are correct
Which of the following is a criteria of a hypothesis? Identifies measurable variables All are correct Limited to one experiment Predictive Testable
All are correct
Which of the following is a source of hazardous material? A factory All are correct A mechanic A household A hospital
All are correct
Which of the following steps is involved in safe chemical storage?
All are correct
Why is transparency important in scientific works? It gives others a chance to provide feedback on your work All are correct It allows others to fully understand your experimental process It helps others learn from your mistakes It gives you credibility through your honesty
All are correct
Why should you be careful when using online sources? They may not be online for long periods of time They may not be reputable They may present misinformation They may be biased All are correct
All are correct
Which of the following is considered a source? A textbook A journal article All are sources A professor A blogger
All are sources
Which of the following qualifies as a source? A book A newspaper article A personal interview All are sources Your professor
All are sources
Which statement about the cell wall is FALSE? All bacteria have a cell wall. Peptidoglycan is the primary component of cell walls. Different bacterial species can have different cell wall structures. The cell wall maintains the cell shape. Cell walls allow some molecules to pass through.
All bacteria have a cell wall.
Which statement about the cell wall is FALSE? Peptidoglycan is the primary component of cell walls. Different bacterial species can have different cell wall structures. The cell wall maintains the cell shape. All bacteria have a cell wall. Cell walls allow some molecules to pass through.
All bacteria have a cell wall.
Which of the following is NOT true about biological specimens? All biological specimen work requires the use of gloves, goggles, and an apron Safe handling and disposal procedures depend on the type of specimens you're working with Preserved animals need to be disposed of in the same manner as the chemicals that preserved them Biological specimens are useful in a variety of professions Human tissues or bodily fluids are common disease vectors
All biological specimen work requires the use of gloves, goggles, and an apron
Which of the following is a function performed by proteins? Muscle contraction Transportation All of the answers are correct. Regulation
All of the answers are correct
Which of the following can also be considered qualitative observations? Behavior All of the answers are correct. Shape Facial expressions or moods
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following is a criterion for a well-written hypothesis? Can be done in one experiment Predictive All of the answers are correct. Identifies variables Testable
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following is a possible experimental design consideration? Timing of the experimental tests Length of the experiment All of the answers are correct. Frequency of the experimental tests People involved in the experiment
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following is true about Carolus Linnaeus? All of the answers are correct. wrote 'Systema Naturae' developed nested levels of classification is a standardized method for naming organisms
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following statements is true? All of the answers are correct. Scientific laws are durable. Scientific laws can be improved with new discoveries. There are no absolutes in science.
All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following statements is NOT true about an SDS? All of the information for each chemical needs to be memorized There is one for each chemical They are an important component of lab safety They were previously called MSDS They should be stored in a known place for safety
All of the information for each chemical needs to be memorized
How do large proteins enter the nucleus? All of these With chemical energy With a nuclear localization signal By stretching the nuclear pore Helped by an import protein
All of these
Where can you NOT find ribosomes performing translation? Chloroplasts All of these are places that you can find ribosomes performing translation. Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondria Cytoplasm
All of these are places that you can find ribosomes performing translation
Which of the following does NOT take place in the nucleus? All of these take place in the nucleus Replication Transcription Ribosome synthesis
All of these take place in the nucleus
Which piece of safety equipment is typically optional in a lab? Fire extinguisher All should be standard pieces of equipment in any lab Emergency shower First aid kit Eye wash station
All should be standard pieces of equipment in any lab Emergency shower
Which of the following is not an important safety rule to follow when dissecting? Always wear close-toed shoes. Always wear goggles. Use common sense with long hair and dangling jewelry. Always apply great force when using a scalpel.
Always apply great force when using a scalpel.
Which of the following functional groups contains nitrogen? Carboxylic Acid Alcohol Disulfide Amine Hydroxyl
Amine
What are the monomer units in protein polymers? Sugars Nucleic acids Fats Amino acids
Amino acids
Suppose you were teaching a science class to middle school students. Because you want to show them an impressive chemical reaction, you decide to dissolve zinc in hydrochloric acid. You add more acid than usual and throw in pieces of zinc. What factor is not going to impact the reaction rate? The concentration of reactants The temperature of the solution The surface area of the zinc Amount of hydrochloric acid
Amount of hydrochloric acid
What is the best reason why a flame ionization detector (FID) would not be useful for preparative chromatography? An FID only works for thin layer chromatography, which is too small to use for preparative work. An FID cannot detect pharmaceutical analytes, so it can't be used in preparative work. An FID burns the eluted analytes, so they couldn't be collected. An FID is not big enough to be used for bulk product collection.
An FID burns the eluted analytes, so they couldn't be collected.
You might find a centrifuge in operation at all of these locations except _____. NASA An auto repair shop A medical lab A geology lab
An auto repair shop
Which of the following best describes a hypothesis? Something you don't think will happen A question you want to ask What you already know to be correct An educated guess A random guess
An educated guess
How is a hypothesis related to an experiment? An experiment is designed to prove a hypothesis A hypothesis is written to support an experimental design A hypothesis is written based on the results of the experiment An experiment is designed to disprove a hypothesis An experiment is designed to test a hypothesis
An experiment is designed to test a hypothesis
In order to perform glycolysis, which of the following needs to happen? ATP accepts a phosphate group An investment of two ATP molecules The oxidation of NADH The release of carbon dioxide Breakdown of oxygen
An investment of two ATP molecules
Which rule describes what you should do when you're ready to read a multiple-choice question? Take five minutes to read all the questions. Take five minutes to understand the chart. Answer the question before looking at the answer choices. Identify the trends of the chart. Next
Answer the question before looking at the answer choices.
Which rule keeps you from getting distracted by incorrect choices in a multiple-choice question? Save harder questions for the end. Answer the question on your own. Verify the concepts. Pace yourself. Scan the table first.
Answer the question on your own.
A sodium potassium pump is a type of... Triport Uniport Symport Passive transport Antiport
Antiport
Why did Democritus disagree with Aristotle? Democritus thought matter could be divided infinitely, but Aristotle thought there were tiny, indivisible particles. Aristotle thought all matter was made of atoms, but Democritus thought that only solids were made of atoms. Aristotle thought matter could be divided infinitely, but Democritus thought there were tiny, indivisible particles. Democritus thought all matter was made of atoms, but Aristotle thought that only solids were made of atoms.
Aristotle thought matter could be divided infinitely, but Democritus thought there were tiny, indivisible particles.
Which parts do you use to carry the microscope? Base and body tube Arm and base Arm and body tube Arm and aperture Base and stage
Arm and base
If the null hypothesis states, 'There is no relationship between the amount of sleep a person gets each night and the amount of coffee they drink,' which of the following could be an example of an alternative hypothesis for this study? As the amount of sleep a person gets each night increases, the amount of tea they drink decreases. The amount of sleep a person gets each night does not affect the amount of coffee they drink. If a person drinks coffee before going to sleep at night, they will have more dreams. As the amount of sleep a person gets each night decreases, the amount of coffee they drink increases.
As the amount of sleep a person gets each night decreases, the amount of coffee they drink increases.
If you have questions about protocols while working with biological specimens what is the best course of action? Ask your lab partner Stop working and come back tomorrow. Maybe it will come to you later. Ask your lab supervisor Nothing, just keep working Go look it up on the internet
Ask your lab supervisor
Which of the following is NOT part of the experimental design process? Controlling for other influential factors Setting parameters Analyzing the data Testing the effect of an independent variable Asking a scientific question
Asking a scientific question
If a hormone performs an autocrine action, where is it taking the information? To a neighboring cell To the brain Back into the cell that produced the hormone To another cell in a distant part of the body
Back into the cell that produced the hormone
Which of the following cell types has a peptidoglycan cell wall? Algae Bacteria Fungi Land plants Protists
Bacteria and cyanobacteria have cell walls constructed from peptidoglycans - a polysaccharide and protein molecule.
What are cells?
Basic unit of life
Which of these was not included as part of creating a hypothesis? Make an educated guess Be able to measure your hypothesis Be sure your hypothesis is correct Make your hypothesis a clear statement Be able to test your hypothesis
Be sure your hypothesis is correct
Why do scientific laws remain true over time? Scientific laws are not durable Because they do not change Because of their ability to incorporate new discoveries Because if something does not agree with a scientific law it is rejected
Because of their ability to incorporate new discoveries
When should you read through the lab instructions?
Before doing the lab
Which of the following is NOT a general guideline to follow when presenting scientific information? Honesty Organization Clarity All are guidelines to follow Being right
Being right
The two-part naming system used for all species is called which of the following?
Binomial nomenclature
Which of the following is NOT a use of microscopy? Bird watching Learning about cells and the human body Investigating bullets and DNA at crime scenes Assessing the quality of ecosystems
Bird watching
Which of the following molecules are used as electron carriers during cellular respiration?
Both NAD and FAD
What might an experiment be trying to test? That there will be an effect from the independent variable. Both of the given statements are correct. That there will not be an effect from the independent variable. Neither of the given statements are correct.
Both of the given statements are correct
The conjugate base is made how? By adding a hydrogen ion to an acid By removing a hydrogen ion from a base By removing a hydrogen ion from an acid By adding a hydrogen ion to a base
By removing a hydrogen ion from an acid
Which of the following is NOT a hydrophobic substance? CH3CO2H (Acetic Acid) C2H6 (Ethane) CH4 (Methane) C6H6 (Benzene) C3H8 (Propane)
CH3CO2H (Acetic Acid)
Which of the following is a proper way to dispose of a hazardous material? Dump it into the stream behind your house Pour it down the drain Bury it in the ground Leave it in your neighbor's garage Call a specialist who has the means to dispose of your material properly Next
Call a specialist who has the means to dispose of your material properly
Which of the following helps blood to be a good buffer? Protein and Carbonate Carbonate and Phosphate Protein Carbonate, Protein, and Phosphate
Carbonate, Protein, and Phosphate
What atoms are connected by a peptide bond? Carbonyl carbon and amino group nitrogen Amine nitrogen and another amine nitrogen Carbonyl carbon and carbonyl oxygen Side chain groups
Carbonyl carbon and amino group nitrogen
Which of the following cells might have the most mitochondria? Skin cell Bacterium Cardiac muscle cell None of these cells have mitochondria
Cardiac muscle cell
What did the Human Genome Project do? Uncovered the shape of DNA. Mapped the distribution of humans on Earth. Cataloged all known human genes (base pairs) Uncovered the fossils of human ancestors.
Cataloged all known human genes (base pairs)
Which of the following was the instrument used for the discovery of the electron? Gold foil experiment Oil drop apparatus Alpha particle emitter Cathode ray tube Plum pudding model
Cathode ray tube
An ionic bond occurs when a _____ and an _____ come together and form a bond. Proton: Electron Cation: Anion Neutron: Electron Nucleus: Outer shell
Cation: Anion
Starting from inside the cell, what is the correct order of cell envelope components in Gram-negative bacteria? Cell membrane, peptidoglycan layers Outer membrane, peptidoglycan, cell membrane Cell membrane, periplasmic space, outer membrane Cell membrane, periplasmic space, peptidoglycan Phospholipid bilayer, porins, LPS,
Cell membrane, periplasmic space, outer membrane
Starting from inside the cell, what is the correct order of cell envelope components in Gram-negative bacteria? Cell membrane, periplasmic space, outer membrane Phospholipid bilayer, porins, LPS, Cell membrane, peptidoglycan layers Cell membrane, periplasmic space, peptidoglycan Outer membrane, peptidoglycan, cell membrane
Cell membrane, periplasmic space, outer membrane
Which of these is NOT a central part of cell theory? Report an Error Cells only come from other cells Cells make up animals Cells make up plants Cells are the second-smallest units that actually live
Cells are the second-smallest units that actually live
Which of these is NOT a central part of cell theory? Cells are the second-smallest units that actually live Cells make up animals Cells make up plants Cells only come from other cells
Cells are the second-smallest units that actually live
What is the name of the machine that spins in order to separate out components making up a mixture? Centrifugation Blood plasma Centrifugation tube Centrifuge
Centrifuge
Microfilaments are composed of alpha and beta tubulin subunits Chains of tubulin in a double helix rope-like twists of proteins Chains of actin in a double helix
Chains of actin in a double helix
How is reaction rate measured? Rate / time Concentration / time Time / change Change in Concentration / time
Change in Concentration / time
Chemical energy is required for active transport to establish a specific concentration gradient. In a sodium potassium-pump, chemical energy specifically serves to help the pump Bind to the potassium ions Create a symport Allow passive diffusion All of these Change the shape
Change the shape
What is the value of documenting raw measurements of living things? Most living things cannot be measured directly. There is no value in documenting raw measurements. Changes in measured parameters can be tracked over time. These measurements are more accurate than the mathematical models the data is put into.
Changes in measured parameters can be tracked over time.
What is the main difference between chemical biology and biochemistry? Chemical biology usually involves larger molecules than biochemistry, like proteins and nucleic acids. It focuses on adding large molecules to cause reactions and stimulate change in the body. All of the answers are correct. Chemical biology usually involves smaller molecules than biochemistry, which looks at large molecules like proteins and nucleic acids. It focuses on adding small molecules to cause reactions and stimulate change in the body. Chemical biology usually involves larger molecules than biochemistry, like proteins and nucleic acids. It focuses on seeing how these large molecules affect the larger systems of the body.
Chemical biology usually involves smaller molecules than biochemistry, which looks at large molecules like proteins and nucleic acids. It focuses on adding small molecules to cause reactions and stimulate change in the body.
Active transport involves Movement with a concentration gradient Sodium ions The movement of water Simple diffusion Chemical energy
Chemical energy
______ is a process whereby a carbon molecule is converted into a sugar-based food source through the oxidation of inorganic molecules as a source of energy. Carbosynthesis Sugarsynthesis Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis Nitrosynthesis
Chemosynthesis
Electrons are excited in what molecule of the reaction center? Electron transport chain Water Accessory pigments Primary electron acceptor Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll a
Which is true of chlorophyll? Chlorophyll becomes oxidized by light energy Accessory pigments convert chlorophyll into energy Accessory pigments reduce chlorophyll Chlorophyll is reduced by red wavelengths Chlorophyll absorbs all visible light energy
Chlorophyll becomes oxidized by light energy
The process of photosynthesis occurs in organelles called _______. Chlorines Chlorophylls Chlorox Chlorides Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
Which of the following plant organelles contain(s) pigment that give lea
Chloroplasts
Which of the following sample hypotheses is a poor choice? Frogs will lay more eggs in a dark environment than in a sunny environment. Dark-colored shirts will absorb more heat in the sun than light-colored shirts. Concrete will be better if you add the right amount of sand and gravel. Marshmallows will expand as they heat up. Sound will travel faster through water than it will through air.
Concrete will be better if you add the right amount of sand and gravel.
What type of bond is often formed between prosthetic groups and proteins? Metal Hydrogen Covalent Amino acid Polypeptide
Covalent
Which of the following statements are true? Noble gases complete their valence level by sharing electrons. Covalent bonds are weak and easily broken. Covalent bonds allow us to make predictions on how the molecule will look.
Covalent bonds allow us to make predictions on how the molecule will look.
which of the following statements are true? Noble gases complete their valence level by sharing electrons. Covalent bonds are weak and easily broken. Covalent bonds allow us to make predictions on how the molecule will look.
Covalent bonds allow us to make predictions on how the molecule will look.
Which of the following equations is balanced? C₂H₅OH + 2O₂ → 2CO₂ + 3H₂ C₂H₅OH + 3O₂ → 2CO₂ + 3H₂O C₂H₅OH + 3O₂ → CO₂ + 3H₂O C₂H₅OH + 3O₂ → 2CO₂ + 2H₂O
C₂H₅OH + 3O₂ → 2CO₂ + 3H₂O
What are the two types of genetic material?
DNA and RNA
Five characteristics of all cells
DNA as genetic material, make up all living things, can reproduce to make more cells, transcribe DNA to RNA, and translate RNA to protein
Where is the DNA of the Mitochondria located
DNA is located in the Matrix
Which of the following did NOT take place in the 20th century? Gould & Eldredge's establishment of punctuated equilibrium Satellite technology The Human Genome Project Darwin's establishment of the theory of evolution by natural selection
Darwin's establishment of the theory of evolution by natural selection
Which of the following best defines qualitative observation? Data that must be quantified Data that can be observed with our five senses Data that can be observed using our sense of sight only Data that must be measured
Data that can be observed with our five senses
If you wanted to decrease the rate of reaction, what action would you need to take? Increase the surface area. Insert a catalyst. Decrease the temperature. Double the reactants.
Decrease the temperature.
What type of reaction causes the formation of sugar molecules larger than monosaccharides? Decarboxylation Hydration Dehydration Deamination
Dehydration
Which of the following reactions forms peptide bonds? None of these answers are correct. Dehydration Hydration Hydrogenation
Dehydration
Who first coined the term atom, meaning indivisible? Aristotle Rutherford Democritus Dalton Thomson
Democritus
How is volume related to density? None are correct Volume is mass times density Density is volume divided by mass Density is mass divided by volume Density is mass times volume
Density is mass divided by volume
In chemistry, the Greek letter delta: Signifies an ionic bond between atoms. Tells you what Greek organization you belong to. Indicates that a bond will not occur between atoms. Designates partial charges
Designates partial charges
Which of the following is NOT a potential use of stem cells? Developing anti-viral drugs Curing blindness Healing wounds Regrowing organs
Developing anti-viral drugs
Scalpels are often used in dissection. What is a scalpel? Dissecting pin Dissecting knife Dissecting probe Tweezers
Dissecting knife
Forceps are often used in dissection. What are forceps?
Dissecting tweezers
Which of the following indicates a strong acid? Dissociates completely High pKa High pH Dissociates partially
Dissociates completely
Which type of slides are the easiest to prepare? Dry mount Electron Wet mount Prepared mount
Dry mount
Which of the following statements is true about chemical disposal?
Each chemical has specific disposal instructions
Ed works for Stellar Solar Installations, Ben works for the DEA (Drug Enforcement Agency), and Sam is a self-employed contractor for an online education company. Which of these employees is subject to the rights set forth by OSHA? Only Sam. All employees are subject to the rights set forth by OSHA. None of the employees are subject to the rights set forth by OSHA. Ed and Ben. Only Ed.
Ed and Ben.
Which of the following types of microscope first allowed us to view the atom directly? Phase constrast Scanning probe Optical Electron
Electron
Which of the following statements is true? Electrons removed from atoms always increase the stability of the atom. Electrons are considered valence electrons if they are in the outermost electron shell. The energy of electrons decreases with increasing distance from the nucleus. Electrons circle the nucleus in predictable orbits like the Earth around the sun.
Electrons are considered valence electrons if they are in the outermost electron shell.
Which of the following organelles is/are formed when the plasma membrane surrounds a particle outside of the cell?
Endocytic vesicles
Which of the following is true about enzymes? Enzymes raise the activation energy of a chemical reaction Enzymes increase the temperature of a chemical reaction Enzymes leave the activation energy of a chemical reaction unchanged Enzymes lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction Enzymes decrease the rate of a chemical reaction
Enzymes lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction
What is the functional group that is formed when glycerol reacts with carboxylic acids to form triglycerides? Carboxylic acid Ether Ester Carbohydrate
Ester
____ hold fats together in biological systems and bond fatty acids to glycerol. Amines Hydroxyls Carbonyls Esters Ethers
Esters
Classify this cell, a neuron or brain cell, as a eukaryote or prokaryote
Eukaryote because it has a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Classify this cell, a photosynthetic plant cell, as a eukaryote or prokaryote
Eukaryote because it has a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Classify these cells, onion cells, as a eukaryote or prokaryote
Eukaryote because they have membrane bound organelles, like the nucleus stained dark blue in the center of the cells
Identify this osteoclast, a type of cell in the human body that breaks down bone when calcium is scarce, as eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Eukaryotic because all cells in the human body are eukaryotic and in the picture the cell has membrane bound organelles
Identify this type of cell, a cardiomyocyte or heart cell, as eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Eukaryotic because cardiomyocytes have a nucleus and are found in our body
Identify this cell, a yeast cell, which can be used to bake bread and make beer, as eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Eukaryotic because it contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles, like a vacuole
Identify a neutrophil as eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Eukaryotic because it contains membrane bound organelles, like lysosomes, which are used to capture and digest bacteria in your body
This picture shows an endothelial cell, stained with immunofluorescence, which allows scientists to see structures inside cells. Identify this type of cell: eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Eukaryotic because it has a nucleus
Identify this cell, a human B-cell which is a crucial part of our immune system, as eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Eukaryotic because it has a nucleus and all human cells are eukaryotic
Identify this osteoblast, a type of cell that builds bone, as eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Eukaryotic because it has a nucleus and is part of multicellular organisms, like human
Identify this human cell, a melanocyte which creates the pigment in our skin, as eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Eukaryotic because it has a nucleus and is part of our body
Identify this cancer cell as eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Eukaryotic because it has a nucleus and it is a human cell, which are all eukaryotic
Classify this human cell, a sperm cell, as eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Eukaryotic because it has a nucleus and membrane bound organelles, like the mitochondria and centrioles
Identify eosinophil cells, a type of cell that defends the body against multicellular parasites, as eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Eukaryotic because it is part of our body, and it has membrane bound organelles shown as small, membranous circles enclosed inside the cell
Myoblasts are cells that eventually make up our muscle. In this picture, the myoblast nucleus is colored blue with a dye and the cytoskeleton is colored yellow. Identify this cell as eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Eukaryotic because myoblasts have a nucleus
Classify this cell, a cell from Elodea, an aquatic plant, as eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Eukaryotic because of the membrane-bound organelles, as shown by the pointer
Which of the following statements is true? All lab accidents are preventable It's only important to know where safety equipment is during an accident, not before An eye wash station is a good place to rinse chemical spills from anywhere on your body It's wrong to call for help in case of an accident because you should have been more careful in the first place Even with proper precautions lab accidents still occur
Even with proper precautions lab accidents still occur
Which of the following is NOT a qualitative observation? Breed of a dog Texture of a coat Taste of a sour apple Exact number of students in a classroom
Exact number of students in a classroom
The breakdown of a disaccharide releases energy which is stored as ATP. This is an example of a(n)
Exothermic reaction
Which part of the microscope do you look through to see a magnified image? Objective lens Body tube Nosepiece Light source Eyepiece
Eyepiece
Which of the following represents the oxidized form of flavin adenine dinucleotide during cellular respiration?
FAD
What type of transport uses membrane proteins to passively move solutes?
Facilitated diffusion
Lawrence wants to eat a food that is high in energy before she starts training for her tennis competition. Which of the following types of food will give her the most energy per pound? Carbohydrates Sugar Fat Protein
Fat
When an animal takes in more energy that it uses over an extended time, theextra chemical energy is stored as:
Fat
Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic?
Fatty acid chain
Which of the following statements is NOT true? A field setting can be indoors. All are true. Both quasi- and true experiments may be performed in a lab or the field. Lab settings allow experimenters to control for many different factors. Field settings are best for experiments that require very controlled environments
Field settings are best for experiments that require very controlled environments
What is the correct level at which to read a meniscus?
From eye level
For which of the following would statistical analysis NOT be an appropriate mathematical tool? Gathering raw data in the field Seeking to establish a correlation between two variables Comparing multiple variables between two different populations Comparing a single variable between two different populations
Gathering raw data in the field
Which of the following roles do lipids NOT play in our bodies? Act as hormones Store energy Make up part of our cell membranes Generate heat
Generate heat
Pasteurization: Gets rid of most microorganisms, but not spores Is able to kill all bacteria All of the answers are correct Is not a useful method of preventing food-borne illness Gets rid of all microorganisms
Gets rid of most microorganisms, but not spores
If you come across an unmarked container, what should you do with it? Give it to your lab supervisor Leave it for someone else to deal with Throw it away Assume it is the same as the other chemicals on the shelf Smell or taste it to see if you can identify it
Give it to your lab supervisor
Carlos just finished an exhausting workout. Which of the following carbohydrates can be readily used by his body as a source of fuel? Glucose Cellulose Dietary fiber Any kind of polysaccharide.
Glucose
Which of the following metabolic compounds is composed of only carbon, oxygen,and hydrogen?
Glycogen
What language does the word 'hydro' come from?
Greek
What color of visible light does chlorophyll reflect? Red Green Violet Blue
Green
Who discovered how living things inherit their traits from their parents?
Gregor Mendel
If dissolving carbon dioxide in water to form carbonic acid is the forward reaction, what is the reverse reaction that balances this reaction in chemical equilibrium? H2CO3 + H2O --> CO2 + 2H2O H2CO3 --> CO2 + H2O CO2 + H2O --> H2CO3 2H2CO3 + H2 --> CO2 + 2H2O H2CO3 --> H+ + HCO3-
H2CO3 --> CO2 + H2O
Which of the following is a strong acid? CH3COOH OH- HCl CH3COO-
HCl
What scientist first identified and named cells? Hooke Virchow Schwann Schleiden
Hooke
If an endocrine gland receives a signal to start making hormones from low levels of ions or nutrients in the blood, what kind of signal was it? Neural Hormonal Adrenal Humoral
Humoral
Which of the following statements is true regarding hydrogen bonds? Hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent and ionic bonds. Hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent but not ionic bonds. Hydrogen bonds are weaker than ionic bonds but not covalent bonds. Hydrogen bonds are stronger than covalent and ionic bonds. Next
Hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent and ionic bonds
Which types of molecules will easily pass through the fatty acid chains in the middle of the bilayer? Ions Polar Hydrophobic Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
Which set of functional groups is always found in sugars? Ethers and amines. Ethers and carboxylic acids. Hydroxyl groups and ethers. Amines and alcohols.
Hydroxyl groups and ethers.
Which of the following statements is true? I. In an ionic bond, electrons move toward the atom that is more electronegative. II. A cation is a negatively charged atom. III. A positively charged atom is called an anion. IV. Under biological conditions, ionic bonds are stronger than covalent bonds.
I
Which of the following concepts help explain why water can travel up a narrow tube? I. Cohesion II. Adhesion III. Specific Gravity
I and II
What differentiates a nonpolar covalent bond from a polar covalent bond? I. Unequal sharing of electrons II. Ions III. Atoms of partial charge
I and III
Which of the following statements about FAD are true? I. FAD plays a role in cellular respiration. II. FADH2 is the oxidized form of FAD. III. FAD can accept electrons.
I and III
Hydrogen bonds occur between hydrogen in one polar molecule and _____ in another polar molecule. I. Oxygen II. Fluorine III. Nitrogen
I, II, and III
Which of the following statements about NAD are FALSE? I. It is the major energy currency used in all cellular processes. II. It can be used to temporarily store energy harvested during cellular respiration. III. It can be used to make ADP.
I, III
What products would you expect from a reaction between HCl and KOH? I. KCl II. H2O III. KH
I. & II.
The second law of thermodynamics states that: I. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed II. All free energy cannot be converted into usable energy III. The entropy of a system increases over time I II and III II I and II III
II and III
Which of the following shows the best order of the steps that a student should take when interpreting tables of scientific data on an exam? I. Student tries to answer the question on his/her own II. Student scans the table to assess the information provided III. Student confirms that the information data table makes sense
II, III, I
Which of the following statements accurately describe ice: I. Ice is denser than water. II. Hydrogen bonds hold ice molecules closer together than they do liquid water molecules. III. Ice has a crystalline structure.
III. Ice has a crystalline structure
Which rule describes how you come to understand what a chart means and how to use it effectively?
Identify the trends of the chart.
When is it possible to form multiple bonds with the same partner atom? If the first bond is unstable If the atom does not have enough valence electrons It is not possible to form multiple bonds with the same partner atom If the atom has enough valence electrons
If the atom has enough valence electrons
How are the membrane protein complexes of the electron transport chain arranged? From largest to smallest In an ascending order of free energy In a descending order of free energy By ability to pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane From smallest to largest
In a descending order of free energy
Glycolysis happens In the inner membrane of the mitochondria In the cytoplasm of cells In the bloodstream In the cell membrane In the mitochondrial matrix
In the cytoplasm of cells
An increase in temperature Increases the likelihood an enzyme and substrate will collide Changes the shape of the substrate Provides shape to an enzyme Provides optimal for OH- and H+ concentration Increases substrate concentration
Increases the likelihood an enzyme and substrate will collide
What part of the mitochondria creates more space for cellular respiration? Integral membrane proteins Ribosomes Matrix Outer membrane Inner membrane
Inner membrane
The inside of a cell contains more solutes than the outside of the cell. Which describes the inside of the cell and the direction of water? Isotonic. Water will not move in either direction. Inside the cell is hypotonic. Water will move toward the outside of the cell. Inside the cell is hypertonic. Water will move toward the inside of the cell. Inside the cell is hypotonic. Water will move toward the inside of the cell. Inside the cell is hypertonic. Water will move toward the outside of the cell.
Inside the cell is hypertonic. Water will move toward the inside of the cell.
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are similar in having which of the following? Integral membrane proteins in the plasma membrane Presence of a nucleus Protein-studded DNA Flagella composed of microtubules Membrane-bound organelles
Integral membrane proteins in the plasma membrane
What holds high density polyethylene together? Addition of other atoms to the plastic Branching of carbon chains Carbon-carbon double bonds Intermolecular forces between polymer chains
Intermolecular forces between polymer chains
What is SI units shorthand for?
International System of Units
What type of bond forms when atoms have highly different electronegativities? Doric Bond Ionic Bond Polar Covalent Bond Non-polar Covalent Bond
Ionic Bond
How is oxygen used in cellular respiration? It is an electron carrier. It accepts electrons and protons to form water. It drives ATP synthesis. It reduces NADH + H+ and FADH2. It becomes oxidized.
It accepts electrons and protons to form water.
Which of the following is NOT true of lactase? It forms an enzyme-substrate complex with lactose It does not change the free energy from the breakdown of lactose It is an enzyme Lactose binds in its active site It can break down different sugar substrates besides lactose
It can break down different sugar substrates besides lactose
Of the following statements about fermentation, which one is TRUE? It completes the citric acid cycle It completes pyruvate oxidation It completes oxygen reduction It completes glycolysis It completes the electron transport chain
It completes glycolysis
Which of the following happens after a scientific theory has been accepted? It becomes a scientific law. It is eventually replaced by a new theory. It cannot be changed. It continues to be tested and adapted, if necessary.
It continues to be tested and adapted, if necessary.
How should you dispose of substances in the lab? Wrap them in a paper towel before throwing them away Throw them in the trash Just leave it on your table, the instructor will clean up for you It depends on the specific instructions for each substance Wash them down the sink
It depends on the specific instructions for each substance
Which of the following is true of the lysosome? It digests molecules from endocytosis It maintains a basic pH It builds internal cellular structures and proteins It pumps protons into the extracellular space
It digests molecules from endocytosis
Which of the following is NOT true about lab safety equipment? You need to know where it is ahead of time They are mostly for mitigating harm to both the lab and people working in it A clear pathway should be maintained at all times It includes things like eye wash stations, emergency showers, and first aid kits It does not need to be inspected regularly
It does not need to be inspected regularly
Which of the following is NOT a potential application of chemical biology? Knowing what effects a drug has on a whole system, such as the circulatory system Understanding the environment inside cells Helping to develop new drugs Adjusting or affecting stem cells
Knowing what effects a drug has on a whole system, such as the circulatory system
Why is the compound microscope named as such? It compounds the image so that is larger None are correct It has two lenses It can see things as small as chemical compounds It sees two images at once
It has two lenses
Using the image provided, what conclusion can be made about the trend in the number of families over geologic time? (Graph shows a slanted upward line. x axis is 600 - 0 (backwards in years ago)
It increased over geologic time.
What does an increase in temperature do to the reaction rate? It increases the number of effective collisions between reactants, raising the reaction rate. It decreases the energy of the system, limiting how much further reaction can occur. It increases the concentration of the molecules and slows down the rate of reaction. It decreases the number of collisions and the energy of molecules to limit further reaction.
It increases the number of effective collisions between reactants, raising the reaction rate.
Which of the following is NOT true of a scientific theory? It is based on a guess. It is created by the scientific method. It has been rigorously tested. It explains why a phenomenon occurs.
It is based on a guess.
Why do we use displacement to measure the volume of an irregular object? We need to know the density to find the volume There is no other way to find that object's volume It saves a step by telling us the mass at the same time It is the only way to measure the volume of any object It is difficult to measure its volume
It is difficult to measure its volume
Why is hazardous material a controversial topic? It is very expensive There are no standards in place to deal with disposal There is no way to prevent it from polluting the environment It is potentially harmful to human health Currently there are no easy disposal options for households
It is potentially harmful to human health
Which of the following is FALSE about OSHA? It has the power to create and implement standards relating to workplace health and safety that employers must follow. It has the power to fine. It is the only agency that can regulate workplace health and safety. It has the power to require employers to correct a serious workplace hazard. It mandates safety training.
It is the only agency that can regulate workplace health and safety.
How does an object's volume relate to the amount of water displaced? It is five times as much It is half as much It is twice as much It is the same amount It depends on the mass of the object
It is the same amount
Which of the following is NOT true about chromatography? It uses large quantities of samples to remove impurities from commercial products. It is used to separate elements from compounds. It may be used in the pharmaceutical industry. It uses small sample sizes to identify compounds.
It is used to separate elements from compounds.
What is one benefit of scientists disagreeing about the meaning of experimental data? It eventually forces everyone to agree It highlights scientific topics that are important but going unnoticed It leads to an increase in funding for the original scientist It may lead to more and better science that increases our knowledge about the topic It wastes the time and resources of researchers
It may lead to more and better science that increases our knowledge about the topic
What would you expect to happen to a piece of celery you put into a hypertonic solution? It would shrivel up It would crack in half It would stay the same It would swell
It would shrivel up
Which of the following makes proline a 'special' amino acid? It forms disulfide bonds It has no side chain It has a polar side chain Its side chain is bonded to the amine Nitrogen
Its side chain is bonded to the amine Nitrogen
Why is it important to pick up slides from the sides? Keeps fingerprints off the slides Prevents the slides from breaking Prevents contamination Prevents the specimen from coming loose
Keeps fingerprints off the slides
Which of the following statements is NOT quantitative data? Last night's gathering was ten times better than last week's. The bakery baked 300 cupcakes. The cement block weighs 512.2 pounds. We sold 412 cakes at the fund raiser. Mark ordered one hundred donuts for the meeting.
Last night's gathering was ten times better than last week's.
The pH scale is a _______ scale. Newton Weight Pound Logarithmic
Logarithmic
A plant cell surrounded by a hypertonic solution will respond by:
Losing water while maintaining its cell wall shape
Which of the following is one advantage of putting liquid on a specimen, as used in wet mount slides? More permanent slide fixture Flattens the specimen Magnification of the specimen Kills the specimen
Magnification of the specimen
What is the first thing you would do if you were attempting to develop a scientific theory? Try to change a scientific law Make observations and research a phenomenon Make a guess about why something happens Test a hypothesis
Make observations and research a phenomenon
Centrifugation is used to separate all of the following, except: Uranium-235 from uranium-238 Mercury from gold Skim milk from whole milk Red blood cells from plasma
Mercury from gold
Which of the following solutes would NOT form a solution if added to water? Ammonia (NH3) Methane (CH4) Potassium chloride (KCl) Hydrogen chloride (HCl) Sodium chloride (NaCl)
Methane (CH4)
The following cytoskeleton component(s) can be dynamic, shrinking and growing by adding and subtracting subunits: Microtubules and Intermediate filaments Microfilaments only Microtubules and Microfilaments Microtubules, Microfilaments & Intermediate filaments Microtubules only
Microtubules and Microfilaments
Which of the following makes up flagella? Intermediate filaments in a 9 plus 2 arrangement Microfilaments in a 9 plus 2 arrangement Microtubules in a 9 plus 2 arrangement Actin dimers in a 9 plus 2 arrangement
Microtubules in a 9 plus 2 arrangement
Who invented chromatography?
Mikhail Tswett
Which scientist is credited with discovering the charge of individual electrons? Millikan Rutherford Democritus Dalton Next
Millikan
At their most basic, what are hormones? Glands responsible for regulating the body Molecules that deliver messages to other cells which result in important changes Genes that can change how much of a product a cell creates Molecules that can turn on/off genes with the cell nucleus
Molecules that deliver messages to other cells which result in important changes
What is the electron carrier in glycolysis that becomes reduced? ADP NAD+ ATP O2 NADH
NAD+
Which of the following chemical reactions accurately describes the reduction of NAD during cellular respiration? NAD + 2H --> NADH2 NADH + H+ --> NAD+ + 2H None of these answers are correct. NAD+ + 2H --> NADH + H+
NAD+ + 2H --> NADH + H+
What is the relationship between NADP+ and NADPH in the light reaction?
NADP+ is reduced to NADPH
What is produced from the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis that are used in the dark reactions? Water and Sunlight NADPH and ATP Water, Sunlight, and Carbon dioxide NADPH, ATP, and Oxygen Electrons and Protons
NADPH and ATP
Which of the following is a strong base? NaHCO3 NaCl NaOH H+
NaOH
Two atoms with the same electronegativity would form what kind of bond? Hydrogen Nonpolar covalent Hydrophobic Ionic Polar covalent
Nonpolar covalent
Which of the following helps maintain the shape of the nucleus? Nuclear envelope Nuclear pore Nuclear localization signal Nucleolus Nuclear lamina
Nuclear lamina
Where is the starting point of ribosome synthesis? Nuclear envelope Nuclear pore Nucleolus Nuclear localization signal Nuclear lamina
Nucleolus
What do all eukaryotes have that prokaryotes do not? Cell membrane Flagella DNA Nucleus Cytoskeleton
Nucleus
Which of the following is NOT contained in a chloroplast? Ribosomes DNA Nucleus Chlorophyll Stroma
Nucleus
If a company receives a citation and fine from OSHA, who would hear the appeal? Office of Mine Safety and Health State OSHA Appeal Board Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission Office of Aviation Safety and Health Federal OSHA Appeal Board
Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission
If a student has moral objection to dissection, what should the teacher do? Offer alternatives like videos or plastic models. Allow the student not to participate and give them a zero for any related grading. Discuss the need for dissection in learning with their parents. None of the above
Offer alternatives like videos or plastic models.
How would you weigh a box that you are going to ship to your friend in Texas? You guess On a postal scale With your arms On a postal meter On a postal gauge
On a postal scale
How many of the G3P molecules that exit the Calvin Cycle are used to form glucose? Five molecules of G3P One molecule of G3P Two molecules of G3P Six molecules of G3P
One molecule of G3P
When does Osmosis occur?
Osmosis occurs when the concentrations of a solute differ on either side of a semi-permeable membrane. For example, a cell (containing a higher concentration of water) in a salty solution (containing a lower concentration of water) will lose water as water leaves the cell. This continues until the solution outside the cell has the same salt concentration as the cytoplasm.
Which of the following kind of microscope first allowed us to view living cells? Scanning probe microscopes Magnifying glasses Optical microscopes Electron microscopes
Optical microscopes
All but which of the following processes are ways of moving solutes across a plasmamembrane? Active transport Endocytosis Passive transport Osmosis Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
What is the process of water moving across a semipermeable membrane?
Osmosis
Which ribosomal site joins amino acids via a polypeptide bond? E site A site R site P site
P site
Which of the following has a positive charge and a mass of one amu? element electron proton neutron
proton
Why does soap remove grease from pans when we wash dishes? Soap molecules react with fats to break up fat blobs. Part of the soap molecule is polar and dissolves in water, while part is non-polar and dissolves in the lipids. Soap sends a chemical message to fats to break up fat blobs in the pan. The whole soap molecule is non-polar, so it breaks apart fat blobs.
Part of the soap molecule is polar and dissolves in water, while part is non-polar and dissolves in the lipids.
Which two methods are used to help attach the stain to the cell structures?
Permebilization and mordant application
What does PPE stand for?
Personal protective equipment
A foreign cell has entered your blood stream. Which process describes how it can be engulfed by one of the cells in your immune system? Phagocytosis Lysosome Receptor-mediated cytosis Pinocytosis Exocytosis
Phagocytosis
Plants, algae, and some bacteria use ______ to produce food. Sugarsynthesis Carbosynthesis Chemosynthesis Photosynthesis Nitrosynthesis
Photosynthesis
What process takes place in the chloroplast turning light energy into food? Protein Synthesis Chlorophyll Stroma Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
______ is a process by which certain living creatures make sugar and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water thanks to the use of solar energy. Sugarsynthesis Chemosynthesis Carbosynthesis Nitrosynthesis Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
Which of these terms best describes the nonspecific internalization of dissolved substances outside the cell?
Pinocytosis
Electron clouds: Predict where electrons will be found around an atom or molecule. Are located in the nucleus of an atom. Tell you exactly where the electrons are around an atom. Are fluffy bundles of electrons.
Predict where electrons will be found around an atom or molecule.
A biologist might use _____ models to show future rate changes in the population of a given species.
Predictive
Choose the structure that represents the order of amino acids in a protein. Quaternary Secondary Primary Tertiary
Primary
Identify this bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes the respiratory disease tuberculosis, as a eukaryote or prokaryote
Prokaryote because all bacteria are prokaryotes
Identify this bacteria, a spirochete, as a eukaryote or prokaryote
Prokaryote because all bacteria are prokaryotic
Identify this bacterial cell, Escherichia coli, which can cause food poisoning, as eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Prokaryotic because all bacteria are prokaryotic
Identify this cell, Streptococcus, a bacteria, as eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Prokaryotic because all bacteria are prokaryotic
Identify this cell, a bacteria called Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which is a chronic problem in hospital settings, as eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Prokaryotic because all bacteria are prokaryotic
Which of the following is true about working with biological specimens? All specimens must be bagged and labelled Proper protective gear must be worn Used needles can be thrown in the trash Preserved animals do not pose a safety risk All are correct
Proper protective gear must be worn
Which of the following is involved in cell communication?
Proteins
Which does NOT describe the inner membrane of the mitochondria? Interior to the outer membrane Contains components for cellular respiration Selectively permeable Folds to create cristae Impermeable
Selectively permeable
Which of the following steps of the electron transport chain directly drives ADP phosphorylation? Proton flow through ATP synthase along a concentration gradient. Proton pumped against the concentration gradient. The oxidation of FADH2. The oxidation of NADH + H+. The formation of water molecules.
Proton flow through ATP synthase along a concentration gradient.
An element is defined by the number of:
Protons
Particles that are found in the atomic nucleus are: Protons and neutrons Protons, neutrons and electrons Protons and electrons Neutrons and electrons
Protons and neutrons
The purpose of cellulose is to:
Provide strength to the cell wall
Which of the following functions is carried out by intermediate filaments but not microtubules? Movement of structures within the cell Providing nuclear lamina structure Providing flagella structure Cell movement Cell division
Providing nuclear lamina structure
The notion that evolution happens in rapid bursts of diversity, rather than at a steady pace, is known as what?
Punctuated Equilibrium
A plant cell in a hypotonic solution will respond by:
Putting pressure on the cell walls through the central vacuole
Brown school has decided to review their ratio of girls to boys in the Second grade class. They decided to count the number of boys in Second grade. This is an example of what type of data?
Quantitative and discrete
The two general types of experiments are ___ and ___ True and Field Quasi and True Observational and Experimental Experimental and Control Field and Laboratory
Quasi and True
What is the shorthand for a carbon-containing substance in organic chemistry?
R
Which of the following molecules is thought to have acted as the first enzyme in early life on earth?
RNA
Identify the secondary structure that is NOT held together by hydrogen bonds. Beta sheet Super helix Random coil Alpha helix
Random coil
Which of these terms best describes the internalization of a specific protein outside the cell? Receptor-mediated endocytosis Exocytosis Phagocytosis Pinocytosis Lysosome
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
What is one way to reduce the amount of hazardous material waste? Throw away any excess material Reduce the amount of material you use Steal some from your neighbors when they're out of town Buy it in bulk and save it for later All are correct
Reduce the amount of material you use
Which describes carbon fixation in the dark reactions? RuBisCo converts inorganic carbon dioxide into organic molecules Three carbon dioxide molecules are directly rearranged and energized into G3P Atmospheric oxygen is converted into carbon dioxide Phosphate groups are donated by ATP to 3-carbon molecules RuBP is converted into carbon dioxide
RuBisCo converts inorganic carbon dioxide into organic molecules
What does SDS stand for? Safety Data Sheet Standard Data Safety Material Safety Data Sheet Standard Data Sheet Safety Data Standard
Safety Data Sheet
Which of the following is an example of diffusion? Precipitation of a solid from a solution Salt dissolving in water without stirring Water moving across a semipermeable membrane Cells exploding in a hypotonic solution
Salt dissolving in water without stirring
Which rule allows you to get oriented to the information in the problem? Scan the table first. Save harder questions for the end. Pace yourself. Answer the question on your own. Verify the concepts.
Scan the table first.
Which of the following types of microscopes work by running a physical probe across the surface of an object? Electron Dark-field Scanning probe Optical Next
Scanning probe
What scientist first found out that all plants are made up of cells?
Schleiden
What scientist first found out that all plants are made up of cells? Schwann Schleiden Virchow Hooke
Schleiden
What scientist discovered that all animals are made up of cells? Schleiden Schwann Hooke Virchow
Schwann
Diffusion of small, non-polar molecules across the cell membrane along a concentration gradient is... Facilitated Simple Osmosis Channel Active
Simple
Identify these thermophilic bacteria, a type of cell that lives in extremely hot environments, as eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Since all bacteria are prokaryotic, these cells are also prokaryotic
Which of the following techniques would be most appropriate for separating large, temperature-sensitive molecules like proteins? Gas chromatography Size-exclusion chromatography None of the answers are correct. Thin-layer chromatography
Size-exclusion chromatography
During an exam, what should you do if you're having trouble visualizing the line graph that matches your data table? Sketch out the graph on scratch paper. Ask a fellow student for help. Give up on the question. Pick a random choice for your answer. Look it up online.
Sketch out the graph on scratch paper.
Which of the following atoms is most likely to participate in an ionic bond with chlorine, an atom with 7 valence electrons? Carbon (4 valence electrons) Chlorine (7 valence electrons) Neon (8 valence electrons) Sulfur (6 valence electrons) Sodium (1 valence electron)
Sodium (1 valence electron)
Which of the following is NOT true? Solute molecules will move across semipermeable membranes to equalize concentration on both sides of the membrane Molecules will try to move so that there is equilibrium of concentration in all parts of a solution You can have more solute in a solution than can be found in a saturated solution of the same components at equilibrium Diffusion and osmosis are important in biological systems
Solute molecules will move across semipermeable membranes to equalize concentration on both sides of the membrane
What is the Germ Theory of Disease? Some infectious diseases are caused by tiny microorganisms invading a host organism. Living organisms can arise from inanimate, nonliving matter. Disease is often a result of breathing bad or polluted air. Living organisms can only come from other living organisms
Some infectious diseases are caused by tiny microorganisms invading a host organism.
What is a control in an experiment? A number or feature that is allowed to change in an experiment. None of the other answers are correct. A number or feature that is changeable - that can have a lot of different possible values. Something used as a standard of comparison for checking the results of an experiment. A number or feature that is kept the same in an experiment.
Something used as a standard of comparison for checking the results of an experiment.
Which one of the following is the correct order of taxa from narrowest to broadest? Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain Domain, kingdom, phylum, family, order, class, genus, species Species, genus, order, class, family, kingdom, phylum, domain Domain, phylum, kingdom, order, class, family, genus, species Next
Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain
What should you do with substances that are heating?
Stay with them at all times
What does an autoclave do? Pressurizes equipment Sterilizes specimens None are correct Sterilizes equipment Collects needles and scalpels
Sterilizes equipment
Given the following information, which element(s) are most likely to lose electrons? I. Iodine is a member of Group VII (halides). II. Strontium is located in the second column of the periodic table. III. Selenium has six valence electrons. Strontium Iodine Selenium and strontium Selenium
Strontium
Proteins in our skin, hair, and nails are called what? Regulatory proteins Storage proteins Structural proteins Transport proteins
Structural proteins
The hydrogen bonds in a water molecule make water a good
Surface for small particles and living organisms to move across
Why does a meniscus occur at the surface of a liquid?
Surface tension
This type of integral membrane protein moves two substances in the same direction Carrier Triport Uniport Antiport Symport
Symport
What should you do if a substance is not labelled? Put a new label on it if you can guess what it is Tell your lab instructor Mix it with something to see if it reacts Throw it in the trash Taste it to find out what it is
Tell your lab instructor
Drift is which kind of error? Accuracy error Systematic error Precision error Random error Human error
Systematic error
How is the phospholipid bilayer oriented?
Tails face inward towards each other
How do hormones find their target cells? The hormone is programmed to select its own target cell. The target cell is just the first cell the hormone bumps into. Target cells have receptors that can only receive certain hormones. All target cells are in the same place in the body.
Target cells have receptors that can only receive certain hormones.
What does it mean to say an analyte has a distribution ratio in a chromatographic system? That an analyte's distribution ratio changes as it moves through the system That an analyte distributes its individual molecules evenly from the beginning of the column to the end That an analyte spends a fraction of its time in the stationary phase and a fraction of its time in the mobile phase That an analyte moves through the system without interacting with the stationary phase.
That an analyte spends a fraction of its time in the stationary phase and a fraction of its time in the mobile phase
What follows glycolysis in cellular respiration? None of these answers The Calvin Cycle The Citric Acid Cycle The Electron Transport Chain
The Citric Acid Cycle
Which step of cellular respiration provides the greatest number of ATP molecules? The Citric Acid Cycle Pyruvate Oxidation The Electron Transport Chain Glycolysis
The Electron Transport Chain
The fact that energy can be neither created nor destroyed is _____.
The First Law of Thermodynamics
Which of the following concepts best describes a chlorophyll molecule absorbing light and changing it into chemical energy? The Law of Conservation of Energy Boyle's Law The Second Law of Thermodynamics Bernoulli's Principle Newton's Third Law of Motion
The Law of Conservation of Energy
Which of the following does pH measure? The number of ions in a solution The [OH-] of a solution The auto-ionization constant The acidity of a solution
The acidity of a solution
A peptide bond is the linkage between: The carbonyl carbon of the carboxylic acid of one amino acid and the nitrogen of the amine of THAT amino acid The carbonyl carbon of the carboxylic acid of one amino acid and the nitrogen of the amine of ANOTHER amino acid The oxygen of the carboxylic acid of one amino acid and the carbon next to the amine of ANOTHER amino acid The carbonyl carbon of the carboxylic acid of one amino acid and the carbon NEXT TO the amine of another amino acid
The carbonyl carbon of the carboxylic acid of one amino acid and the nitrogen of the amine of ANOTHER amino acid
What is the relationship between osmosis and the bacterial cell wall? The cell is hypotonic and the wall prevents lysis from osmotic pressure. The cell is hypotonic and the wall prevents water molecules leaving. The cell is hypertonic and the wall prevents lysis from osmotic pressure. The wall allows the cell to expand when water enters and increases the osmotic pressure.
The cell is hypertonic and the wall prevents lysis from osmotic pressure.
What is the relationship between osmosis and the bacterial cell wall? The cell is hypertonic and the wall prevents lysis from osmotic pressure. The cell is hypotonic and the wall prevents lysis from osmotic pressure. The cell is hypotonic and the wall prevents water molecules leaving. The wall allows the cell to expand when water enters and increases the osmotic pressure.
The cell is hypotonic and the wall prevents lysis from osmotic pressure.
Which of the following is NOT one of the major factors in selecting a source? Its accuracy All are important factors Its validity The country in which it was published Its reliability
The country in which it was published
If you were centrifuging whole milk, which would you expect to get flung further out from the center of the centrifuge? The skim milk The cream/fat Neither would be flung Both would be equally flung Next
The cream/fat
Why did Pasteur use a swan-necked flask when he was trying to disprove spontaneous generation?
The dip in the neck caught the microbes that entered the flask with the fresh air and prevented them from contaminating the broth.
Which of the following produces the MOST ATP? Citric Acid Cycle Glycolysis The electron transport chain Lactic Acid fermentation Alcoholic fermentation
The electron transport chain
Ron just got a job in an industrial plant that manufactures specialty car parts. Since this is a new field for Ron he must buy the necessary safety attire to work at the plant. Which of the following must the employer pay for as required by OSHA? Steel-toe boots. Hard hat. Work gloves. The employer must pay for all of the attire. The employer does not have to pay for any of this. Next
The employer must pay for all of the attire.
What does N-terminus refer to? A protein chain The end of a protein with a free carboxylic acid group The end of a protein with a free amine group The first amino acid with the abbreviation 'N' in the protein
The end of a protein with a free amine group
Which part of the microscope would you use to make small adjustments to the magnified image? The coarse adjustment knob The stage control The aperture The stage The fine adjustment knob Next
The fine adjustment knob
Which of the following can we NOT learn from satellite technology? The distribution of foliage over a region. The distribution of sea ice. The genetic makeup of a whale being tracked by GPS. The sea water temperature in a given location.
The genetic makeup of a whale being tracked by GPS.
Why is solid water (ice) less dense than liquid water? Hydrogen bonds are not able to be formed because of the cold temperature. The hydrogen bonds between water molecules are formed and are held (or frozen) farther apart than in liquid water. Liquid water does not form hydrogen bonds. It is actually more dense.
The hydrogen bonds between water molecules are formed and are held (or frozen) farther apart than in liquid water.
Why does a concave meniscus form the way it does? The molecules of the liquid are more attracted to the container than each other The molecules at the surface are a different density than those at the bottom The molecules of the liquid are more attracted to each other than the container None are correct The molecules of the liquid get 'stuck' on the container walls at it is poured in
The molecules of the liquid are more attracted to the container than each other
Organelles are
Tiny membrane bound compartments inside cells that do specific jobs; these are found in eukaryotes
Why was the disproof of spontaneous generation and the development of germ theory of disease so important?
The new information shifted how people think about disease and made major impacts on food safety, medicine and microbiology.
What did Rutherford discover in his gold foil experiment? Neutrons are located in the nucleus. Electrons are negative. The nucleus is positively charged, small, and dense. Atoms are small and dense.
The nucleus is positively charged, small, and dense.
Frank performs an experiment to determine whether the amount of cookies a person eats has an affect on their blood sugar level. Frank finds a strong relationship between the amount of cookies a person eats and their blood sugar level, with a p-value of 0.02. Which of the following shows the correct way for Frank to report his findings? How does one properly write that the alternative hypothesis was correct? The results were not statistically significant, and therefore, the experiment rejects the null hypothesis. The results were statistically significant, and therefore, the experiment rejects the null hypothesis. The results were statistically significant, and therefore, the experiment accepts the alternative hypothesis. The results were not statistically significant, and therefore, the experiment fails to reject the null hypothesis.
The results were statistically significant, and therefore, the experiment rejects the null hypothesis.
If a scientific law is found invalid in certain situation, what will occur? The scientific law is demoted to a scientific theory. Nothing, scientific laws are always found to be valid. The scientific law is rejected and thrown out. The scientific law is modified to reflect the limitation.
The scientific law is modified to reflect the limitation.
Which of the following statements correctly describes the behavior of the sickle cell hemoglobin? The sickle cell hemoglobin degenerates into individual amino acid molecules so that the cell is no more circular. The sickle cell hemoglobin forms polymers of protein where all the subunits of many different hemoglobin molecules come together and form a very long strand. The sickle cell hemoglobin coils further so that it becomes smaller and sickled shape. The sickle cell hemoglobin holds together the hydrogen bonds between the amine nitrogen and the carbonyl oxygen which then forms a sickled region in the protein.
The sickle cell hemoglobin forms polymers of protein where all the subunits of many different hemoglobin molecules come together and form a very long strand.
How does centrifugation work? By keeping large particle in the center and smaller on the outside Through dripping particles Through spinning By separating particles into different tubes
Through spinning
What was the significance of Pasteur's study of sour wine to the eventual disproof of spontaneous generation?
The sour wine was full of yeast cells and other smaller cells. He reasoned that these small cells were microbes that contaminated the wine.
What is an electron shell? The space around the nucleus where the electrons are most likely to be found A hard container holding electrons close to the nucleus The exact location of an electron The electron's protective outer layer
The space around the nucleus where the electrons are most likely to be found
In what singular part is chlorophyll located?
Thylakoid
What do you think would happen if you added a sugar crystal to a super saturated solution of sugar in water? Nothing; no change. The sugar crystal would settle on the the bottom of the container the solution was in. The sugar would come out of solution and crystallize. The sugar crystal would dissolve in the solution Next
The sugar would come out of solution and crystallize.
How is the tertiary structure of protein different from that of a quaternary structure? The tertiary structure contains two alpha protein subunits while the quaternary structure consists of two beta protein subunits. The tertiary structure has a 2-D structure while the quaternary structure has a 3-D structure. The tertiary structure contains two beta protein subunits while the quaternary structure consists of two alpha protein subunits. The tertiary structure is a complete 3-D structure of a protein, or peptide, including all its atom arrangements, while a quaternary structure is a complete 3-D structure of a protein that contains multiple peptides or proteins.
The tertiary structure is a complete 3-D structure of a protein, or peptide, including all its atom arrangements, while a quaternary structure is a complete 3-D structure of a protein that contains multiple peptides or proteins.
If your data produces a p-value of 0.12, which of the following would be true concerning your study? There is a 12% probability that your results occurred by chance. There is an 88% probability that your results occurred by chance. There is an 1.2% probability that your results occurred by chance. There is a 98.8% probability that your results occurred by chance.
There is a 12% probability that your results occurred by chance.
What is NOT a qualitative observation for this classroom picture? All or most of the students have black hair. The students are wearing white shirts. The chairs are blue. There is one teacher in the classroom.
There is one teacher in the classroom.
Which of the following is the best example of a null hypothesis? As the amount of cookies you eat decreases, your blood sugar level will remain constant. As the amount of cookies you eat increases, your blood sugar level will decrease. There will be no relationship between the amount of cookies you eat and your blood sugar level. As the amount of cookies you eat increases, your blood sugar level will increase.
There will be no relationship between the amount of cookies you eat and your blood sugar level.
Which of the following is TRUE about control variables? They are controlled so that they don't affect the independent variable. They are controlled so that they don't affect the dependent variable. None of the answers are correct They are manipulated so that they affect the dependent variable. They are not the same for the subjects in the experiment.
They are controlled so that they don't affect the dependent variable.
Which of the following statements is true about sections 12-15 of an SDS? They are not required on an SDS They include the chemical name, manufacturer, and suggested use(s) They include the section on when the SDS was last updated They must be filled in by the end-user They are not regulated by OSHA Next
They are not regulated by OSHA
Your scale incorrectly measures the weight of your chemical by 5 grams each time. Which of the following statements is true about your data? They are precise but not accurate due to random error They are accurate but not precise due to systematic error They are precise but not accurate due to systematic error They are accurate but not precise due to random error They are neither accurate nor precise due to human error Next
They are precise but not accurate due to systematic error
In the SI units, what makes the base units special?
They are the most basic units from which others are obtained.
Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning logarithmic scales? They typically allow for better insight when numbers are changing exponentially. They cannot be used to represent an original value of zero. They can be used to create either semi-log or log-log charts. They can be set up to represent positive or negative numbers, but not both.
They can be set up to represent positive or negative numbers, but not both.
Which of the following is a benefit of the use of mathematical models? They can describe observed biological systems in a manner that is quantifiable. There are more mathematicians than there are biologists. They are always precisely accurate. Field and lab observations are no longer necessary.
They can describe observed biological systems in a manner that is quantifiable.
What is the point of having units in the sciences? There really is no point; it's just a formality. We use units to tell us we are working with the metric system instead of the imperial system, which has no units. They distinguish our numbers as measurements instead of pure numbers. They distinguish our numbers as pure numbers instead of measurements.
They distinguish our numbers as measurements instead of pure numbers.
Which is true of the dark reactions? Energy is derived from food to fuel the reactions They use sunlight They occur only at night They create products that are light-sensitive They do not directly use sunlight energy
They do not directly use sunlight energy
Which of the following is true about organic molecules? They must contain carbon They always have chains of carbon atoms None of the above They contain only carbon They can only be found in living organisms
They must contain carbon
Which statement is TRUE of Gram-positive bacteria? They have a double membrane. They have a thin peptidoglycan layer. They can release porins to poison the host. They are freely permeable to disinfectants. They use teichoic acid to move ions across the cell wall.
They use teichoic acid to move ions across the cell wall
Which statement is TRUE of Gram-positive bacteria? They have a thin peptidoglycan layer. They can release porins to poison the host. They use teichoic acid to move ions across the cell wall. They are freely permeable to disinfectants. They have a double membrane.
They use teichoic acid to move ions across the cell wall.
Which of the following is a qualitative observation? This leaf has grown 3 cm this week. This leaf is light green in color. This leaf has 8 curved edges. This leaf is 30 cm long.
This leaf is light green in color.
What is the purpose of a ventilation hood? To contain gases, fumes, and vapors To reduce the risk of explosion To provide a safe breathing area if there is a lab explosion None are correct To contain lab fires
To contain gases, fumes, and vapors
What does it mean to draw logical conclusions from experimental data? To evaluate information and make judgements about it To evaluate scientists and make judgements about them None are correct To explain the results in layman's terms To give the data a purpose in life
To evaluate information and make judgements about it
Why does active transport require energy? To move solutes to an equal concentration inside and outside the cell To transport small, hydrophobic molecules across the membrane To diffuse substances passively To move solutes against a concentration gradient To move solutes with a concentration gradient
To move solutes against a concentration gradient
What are the two major functions of the peptidoglycan structural layer? To prevent cell lysis and allow molecules to pass through the wall To transport nutrients into the cell and synthesize porins To transport ions through the wall and produce endotoxins To prevent cell lysis and prevent water from leaving the cell To separate the cell membranes and generate energy for the cell
To prevent cell lysis and allow molecules to pass through the wall
What are the two major functions of the peptidoglycan structural layer?To transport ions through the wall and produce endotoxins To transport nutrients into the cell and synthesize porins To prevent cell lysis and allow molecules to pass through the wall To prevent cell lysis and prevent water from leaving the cell To separate the cell membranes and generate energy for the cell
To prevent cell lysis and allow molecules to pass through the wall
What is the main purpose of safety goggles?
To protect your eyes from light, objects, and chemicals
Why must pyruvate be reduced during fermentation? To perform pyruvate oxidation To create FADH for the citric acid cycle To oxidize water To regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis To create more ATP
To regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis
What is the main purpose of OSHA? To create SDS To regulate workplace safety To regulate employee compliance To make people's live miserable with silly rules To regulate lab safety
To regulate workplace safety
What is the purpose of error margins in mathematical modeling? To show which numbers entered into the model were incorrect. To show the level of confidence in the results based upon possible error sources in the model. To show how math and biology don't always work well together. To show how human error occurs in all experimental procedures.
To show the level of confidence in the results based upon possible error sources in the model.
Todd is the Operations Manager for Quality Granite. He cares for the company and the employees and wants to comply with OSHA safety regulations. What must Todd do to be in compliance? Todd should encourage disgruntled employees to come and talk to him instead of filing a complaint with OSHA. Todd must respect employee privacy and not require medical testing of employees. Todd should encourage his employees to sign up for safety training classes. Todd should only allow the use of chemicals in his facility that are deemed nonhazardous. Todd needs to keep up-to-date records of employee illness and injury.
Todd needs to keep up-to-date records of employee illness and injury.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton? Transporting of molecules within a cell Cell movement Transporting molecules into the cell Providing cell structure and shape Anchoring the cell
Transporting molecules into the cell
A single sugar is called a 'monosaccharide.' '_____saccharide' refers to a three sugar polymer. Penta Tri Hexa Di
Tri
The change in overall energy of a reaction is Unchanged with the help of an enzyme decreased with the help of an enzyme faster with the help of an enzyme Increased with the help of an enzyme slower with the help of an enzyme
Unchanged with the help of an enzyme
Which of the following statements is true? All chemicals can be stored the same way If a chemical is not labeled, but looks like another chemical you can safely assume they are the same Lab safety only involves wearing protective gear Under the right conditions, any chemical reaction can quickly get out of control Lab safety is the responsibility of the lab supervisor only
Under the right conditions, any chemical reaction can quickly get out of control
Which way does a convex meniscus curve?
Upward
_____ revolutionized dissection in the 16th century
Vesalius
What scientist determined that all cells come from other cells? Schwann Schleiden Hooke Virchow
Virchow
What was Archimedes' discovery? Water displacement is equal to an object's mass Water displacement is equal to an object's surface area Water displacement is equal to an object's density Water displacement is equal to an object's volume Water displacement is equal to an object's weight
Water displacement is equal to an object's volume
Which of the following properties helps explain why a city near the Pacific Ocean experiences less dramatic changes in temperature during the day compared to a city farther inland? Water forms covalent bonds Water has high surface tension. Water has a high specific heat. Water has a low specific heat.
Water has a high specific heat.
Explain how osmosis works.
Water moves from a region of higher concentration
Which of the following is NOT a lab safety rule? Don't eat or drink in the lab Wash your hands Wear loose clothing Report all spills All are correct
Wear loose clothing Report all spills
What is the best way to protect your feet in a laboratory?
Wearing full-cover shoes or boots
How was the theory of spontaneous generation used to explain why food that was left out would eventually be covered in microbes, maggots, flies, and rodents?
When food became covered in microbes, maggots, flies, and rodents: these organisms were created by and arose from the food itself.
Where do secondary messengers of hormones deliver information? Within the target cell where a hormone's message was received In between cells within a system Anywhere in the body From cells back to the hormones
Within the target cell where a hormone's message was received
Which of the following is an example of a primary source? Witness testimony A newspaper editorial A direct quote of an eyewitness account in a police report An article published in a scientific journal A textbook
Witness testimony
You measure the length of a fish 6 times. Each time you find it to be 125 cm long. In reality, the fish is actually 135 cm long. Which of the following statements is true? You are neither accurate nor precise in your measurements You are accurate but not precise in your measurements You are both accurate and precise in your measurements The fish was probably moving around too much so it's not your fault either way You are precise but not accurate in your measurements
You are precise but not accurate in your measurements
If a parking meter reads 20, what does this mean? You need to have 20 people come by in one hour. You have 20 hours of parking left. You are parking in spot 20. You have 20 minutes of parking time left. You need to pay 20 dollars to continue parking.
You have 20 minutes of parking time left.
Why is it important to consider your audience when deciding what language to use in scientific presentations? You may need to say things in more or less technical terms depending on who you are presenting to So you can get them to buy your book To help them understand what a good scientist you are All are correct You want to make sure they will side with you and your results
You may need to say things in more or less technical terms depending on who you are presenting to
Which of the following would be considered a reliable source? A personal blogger Wikipedia Your college textbook Your little sister None are reliable sources
Your college textbook
You run an experiment to test which brand of food your dog prefers. You offer her three different brands of food at each meal, presenting them all at the same time (so that she does not just prefer the one that comes first!). Three weeks of data collection indicate that she ate Brand C more often than Brand A or Brand B. What can you conclude from these results? Brand C is the cheapest food Your dog preferred Brand C but you do not know why Brand C is the healthiest food Brand B and Brand A taste bad Brand B was her second favorite food
Your dog preferred Brand C but you do not know why
In order to produce the most ATP, an organism needs to perform photosynthesis anaerobic cellular respiration hematopoiesis dehydration synthesis aerobic cellular respiration
aerobic cellular respiration
Which of the following is a potential reactant for a chemical? All are correct UV Light Water Heat Cold
all are correct
Why do scientists have differing opinions about what the same set of data means? They are biased by their education They simply interpret the data differently All are correct They have personal beliefs that differ They are influenced by their employer or funding source
all are correct
All of the following statements are true about lipids, EXCEPT that _____. all lipids are fats steroid hormones like testosterone are lipids lipids are biological molecules that are insoluble in water lipids are good at storing energy
all lipids are fats
Pasteurization: Does not destroy bacterial spores All of the answers are correct Helps to slow down the spoilage of food Helps prevent food-borne diseases Uses a process of heating and cooling to kill microbes
all of the answers are correct
What makes a hypothesis valid? All of the answers are correct. It is testable. It can be tested in one experiment. It defines measurable variables. It's expressed as a clear statement.
all of the answers are correct
Proteins are biological molecules made of _____. sugars amino acids nucleotides glycerol
amino acids
If only one type of atom makes up a substance, what can you call this substance?
an element
A hydrogen bond is _____.
an intermolecular force
Which best describes the scientific method? A list of variables from an experiment An iterative experimentation process A guideline for designing experiments A strictly ordered process None of the answers are correct.
an iterative experimentation process
When games and competitions are held at high altitudes, athletes must specially train to postpone their cells from switching to dehydration synthesis anaerobic cellular respiration aerobic cellular respiration photosynthesis hematopoiesis
anaerobic cellular respiration
Which best describes a hazardous material? any material that has the potential to contribute to public safety any material that has the potential to adversely affect local economics Radioactive waste only any material that has the potential to do environmental harm any material that has the potential to adversely affect public safety
any material that has the potential to adversely affect public safety
Which of the following would you use to protect your overall body in the lab?
apron
where do you read the meniscus measurement
at the bottom of concave or top of convex and always at eye level
Which of these following words should be avoided when creating your own hypothesis? Better Colder Faster Slower Hotter
better
Ideally, you want your data to be _____. precise, but not accurate neither accurate nor precise both accurate and precise collected by a professional accurate, but not precise
both accurate and precise
Water's ability to move against gravity in a narrow space, such as a tube, is called:
capillary action
ATP is created during the light reactions during which event that is similar to what occurs in cellular respiration? by the energy derived from photosystems I and II by the creation of a water molecule by joining protons and electrons by the splitting of a water molecule and movement of electrons through ATP synthase by the citric acid cycle and NAD+ reduction by a proton concentration gradient and ATP synthase
by a proton concentration gradient and ATP synthase
If a carbon atom has four valence electrons, which of the following statements are TRUE? Carbon can form a triple covalent bond with another carbon atom. A carbon atom CANNOT form two double bonds simultaneously. A carbon atom can form four single covalent bonds simultaneously.
carbon atom can form four single covalent bonds and carbon can form a triple covalent bond with another carbon atom
Select one main human-induced factor that is included in a climate model? carbon dioxide solar activity volcanic eruption falling meteors Next
carbon dioxide
What product from the Krebs cycle is waste for your body? carbon dioxide NADH + H+ NAD+ FADH ATP
carbon dioxide
Which of the following is NOT produced during the electron transport chain? water carbon dioxide ATP NAD+ FAD
carbon dioxide
Which of the following is a reactant of photosynthesis and a product of cellular respiration? oxygen carbon dioxide light energy glucose
carbon dioxide
Which type of integral membrane protein helps molecules move across the cell membrane by binding and releasing them? Pore Hydrophilic Hydrophobic Channel Carrier
carrier
Carbohydrates in the cell membrane contribute to which of the following?
cell to cell adhesion
What is the fundamental unit of life?
cells
The breakdown of organic compounds to produce ATP is known as transpiration dehydration synthesis cellular respiration homeostasis photosynthesis
cellular respiration
what is plant cell walls composed of?
cellulose
When both the reactants and the products of a reaction exist simultaneously because both forward and reverse reactions are competing, you have a _____. neutral reaction chemical reaction positive reaction chemical equilibrium
chemical equilibrium
what is the cell wall of fungi composed of?
chitin.
Electrons are excited by energy absorbed by proteins in the reaction center water oxygen chlorophyll and accessory pigments the thylakoid membrane
chlorophyll and accessory pigments
Which of the following is true about conclusions drawn from experimental data? The process is only reserved for when scientists disagree None are correct Conclusions are opinions Everyone will agree on the same conclusions Conclusions are factual
conclusions are opintions, not everyone may agree
While creating a project for the science fair, you know that you want to test different materials out to see which absorb the most water. Which of the following would be an example of a good hypothesis? Plastic will absorb water better than cotton. Cardboard will be the best absorber. It will be easier for cotton to absorb water than the plastic. The plastic sheet will absorb all the liquid when placed into water. Cotton fabric will absorb more water than cardboard.
cotton fabric will absorb more water than cardboard
Which amino acid is involved in formation of disulfide bonds? glycine proline cysteine lysine
cysteine
What is another term for the intracellular space?
cytoplasm
The breakdown of protein secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure is called _____.
denaturation
What do we call an SI unit that is created by combining base units using algebra?
derived unit
What is the cell wall of some plants and fungi consist of?
different polysaccharides.
A two unit molecule is a monomer dimer none of these answers trimer
dimer
A polar molecule, such as the one involved in a hydrogen bond, is sometimes called _____.
dipole
Lactose is composed of a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule, therefore, lactose is classified as a _____. disaccharide polysaccharide trisaccharide monosaccharide
disaccharide
When energy is unavailable to be used it is called _____.
entropy
The following conditions can denature an enzyme extreme temperature and extreme pH increased substrate concentration only extreme temperature only increased substrate concentration, Extreme temperature, extreme pH extreme pH and increased substrate concentration
extreme temperature and extreme pH
Which of the following would likely NOT increase a reaction rate of an enzyme in your mouth that was not yet at optimal conditions? neutral pH slight increase in temperature extremely high temperature more enzyme more substrate
extremely high temperature
what are endocytic vesicles?
formed when the plasma membrane surrounds a particle outside of the cell. contain molecules from the extracellular environment often undergo further processing once they enter the cell.
Which amino acid has no side chain? alanine proline glycine lysine
glycine
Cellular respiration includes a step that converts pyruvate into Acetyl coA. Acetyl coA is also known as Coenzyme A. This implies that Acetyl coA _____. is a metal ion is bound tightly to the enzyme is one of the enzymes performing the function helps an enzyme perform a function
helps an enzyme perform a function
DNA is a double helix, which is wrapped around proteins called _____.
histones
The _____ has an oxygen atom single-bonded to hydrogen and single-bonded to a carbon-containing group. ether hydroxyl ester amine carbonyl
hydroxyl
Which variable remains unaffected by the other variables of an experiment?
independant
Exocytosis can be used to secrete newly made proteins out of the cell. It can also be used to add _____ directly to the cell membrane. protons solutes integral membrane proteins lysosomes
integral membrane proteins
Linnaeus's original system of classification _____. consisted of three domains is used today with some modifications None of the answers are correct. is still used today and remains unchanged
is used today with some modifications
Which of the following describes prokaryotic DNA? It is linear. It is within a nucleus. It is usually larger than eukaryotic DNA. It is circular. They do not have DNA.
it is circular
when something is moving it has energy?
kinetic
Where are the A, P, and E sites located? Cytoplasm Large subunit Small subunit Rough endoplasmic reticulum rRNA
large subunit
Which of the following is viewed as scientific fact with no exceptions?
law
The man responsible for inventing the process of pasteurization is:
louis pasteur
The inflammation of a cow's udder due to an infection is known as:
mastitis
Which of the following is an example of a unit? force volume time meter
meter
Where does the Krebs cycle occur? blood stream nucleus mitochondrial outer membrane mitochondrial matrix cytoplasm
mitochondrial matrix
Which of the following are arranged from smallest unit to largest unit? mm, cm, m, km mm, m, cm, km km, m, cm, mm cm, m, mm, km cm, mm, m, km
mm, cm, m, km
What is the main usage of alternative models? scientific experience university funding competition with other scientists model improvement Next
model improvement
What must be added to a prepared mount slide to permanently preserve and adhere the specimen to the slide and cover slip?
mounting medium
Cellulose & proteins are types of dimers natural polymers man-made polymers monomers
natural polymers
An anion has a _____ charge.
negative
Which category of amino acids cannot participate in hydrogen bonding with its side chain? non-polar positive negative polar
non-polar
The _____ is a double membrane that shields the nucleus. DNA nuclear envelope chromatin nucleolus
nuclear envelope
In eukaryotic cells (plant and animal), where is DNA stored?
nucleus
What does the atomic number represent? total number of protons and neutrons number of neutrons total number of electrons, protons, and neutrons total number of electrons and protons combined number of protons
number of protons
A controlled experiment tests how many variables at one time?
one
The purpose of _____ is to provide separation and compartmentalization of processes in eukaryotes. transcription cell membrane translation organelles DNA
organelles
A coenzyme is differentiated from the broader class of cofactors because it is _____. inorganic All of these answers are correct. organic
organic
Which rule describes the very first thing you should do when encountering a problem involving a graph or chart? Orient yourself to the x and y axes. Identify the trends of the chart. Skip the problem and move on. Take five minutes to read through the questions.
orient yourself with the x and y axes
Which type of chart compares data with relative percentages? Bar Chart Flow Chart Line Graph Pie Chart
pie chart
A long chain molecule formed by many smaller units is called a polymer trimer monomer dimer
polymer
Which of the following is NOT true of the phosphate group in a phospholipid? The phosphate groups are... Attached to fatty acids via a glycerol group Polar Oriented to both the outside and inside of the cell Hydrophilic Positively charged
positively charged
What is endocytosis and exocytosis?
process by which cells absorb larger molecules or even tiny organisms, such as bacteri that normally wouldn't pass through the membrane. Thereyby creating Endocytic vesicles.
What are ribosomes comprised of? rRNA and mRNA mRNA and protein tRNA and protein rRNA and protein mRNA and tRNA
rRNA and protein
After milk is heated during the process of pasteurization, it must then be:
rapidly cooled
The color of a pigment is the color wavelength that is lowest in energy absorbed highest in energy reflected oxidized
reflected
In order for a scientist's work to be accepted, other scientists must be able to _____ the experiment.
repeat
What do both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have that is involved in translation? Nucleus Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Peptidoglycan DNA
ribosomes
Which of the following is not a component of a computer model? science animation rocket engine model climate model forecasting model
rocket engine model
Which of the following first binds to the mRNA message? Small subunit P site Cytoplasm Large subunit Rough endoplasmic reticulum
small subunit
We call a substance that is being dissolved into another substance a:
solute
When one substance is dissolved in another substance, a _____ is formed.
solution
When a substance dissolves another substance, it is the _____.
solvent
What is a granum?
stack of thylakoids
All of the following statements are true, EXCEPT _____. starch is composed of amylopectin and amylose pasta and cereals are good sources of carbohydrates sugars are found only in plants mammals store carbohydrates in the form of glycogen
sugars are found only in plants
What is NOT stored in the central vacuole of plants? Food Water Nutrients Sunlight
sunlight
An experiment should show that a hypothesis is either:
supported or not supported
Quasi-experiments are unique because they allow the experimenter to manipulate more than one variable take advantage of naturally occurring variation always occur in lab settings always occur in field settings do not depend on hypotheses
take advantage of naturally occurring variation
Select the one best answer for selecting the most appropriate climate model to explain the recent climate warming? testing the models with each other if the model can predict the past if the model can predict the future testing the model with data
testing the model with data
What does it mean when the enthalpy change for a reaction is negative? that the reaction is endothermic that the reaction was spontaneous that the reaction is exothermic that the reaction won't take place that the reaction needed energy to get started
that the reaction is exothermic
Enthalpy change is a chemical reaction when one or more substances are changed into one or more different substances. the amount of energy as heat that is lost or gained by a system when energy is neither created nor destroyed the total amount of energy in a system
the amount of energy as heat that is lost or gained by a system
If you design an experiment to test which brand of dog food is preferred by dogs in your neighborhood, which of the following would be a valid hypothesis? Will the dogs prefer Brand X? The dogs will prefer Brand X because it is more like something they would eat in the wild The dogs will prefer Brand X because it smells better. The dogs will not prefer any one brand over the others None are correct
the dogs will not prefer any one brand over the others
Where is the cristae of mitochondria?
the folds
An example of an exothermic reaction is: evaporation of water the breaking of bonds when two chemicals are added together an instant cold pack the lighting of a match
the lighting of a match
what is osmosis?
the movement of water molecules (not solutes) across a semi-permeable membrane
Chemical reactions are _____. not possible never able to be controlled the processes by which new atoms are made the processes in which molecules interact to form new substances
the processes in which molecules interact to form new substances
Which of the following summarizes an accepted hypothesis tested by many scientists?
theory
When chlorophyll absorbs light energy, this causes its electrons to move... to a ground state to an excited state to a neutral charge to another chlorophyll molecule to a negative charge
to an excited state
What is the purpose of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
to help maintain fluidity
Which of the following would NOT be included as one of the goals of a scientific model? to make a physical representation of the real world to allow one to make predictions to explain some phenomenon of nature in simple terms to represent how scientists work with colleagues Next
to represent how scientists work with colleagues
How many molecules of ATP are produced from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis? None One Three Two Four
two
Energy is released from ATP when the bond is broken between adenine and ribose ribose and deoxyribose two phosphate groups ribose and a phosphate group adenine and a phosphate group
two phosphate groups
Good experimental designs are based on _____. interesting conclusions valid scientific observations valid data analysis valid scientific questions valid hypotheses
valid hypotheses
Which rule helps you identify the biological ideas that you'll need to reference in order to solve the problem? Save harder questions for the end. Pace yourself. Answer the question on your own. Verify the concepts. Scan the table first.
verify the concepts
Many coenzymes are derived from _____. metals vitamins Any of these answers are correct. inorganic molecules
vitamins
The reason our blood can maintain a relatively neutral pH and keep us from getting sick is _____? a strong acid and a weak base strong acids and strong bases weak acids and weak bases a strong base and a weak acid
weak acids and weak bases
An enzyme will reach its saturation point when no more substrates are available when no more enzyme is available to work on substrates when it is at an optimum temperature when it is at an optimum pH when it has denatured
when no more enzyme is available to work on substrates
An endothermic reaction is: when one or more substances are changed into one or more different substances. when the system loses heat as the surroundings heat up. when the system gains heat as the surroundings cool down. when the reaction involves subatomic particles when energy is either created or destroyed
when the system gains heat as the surroundings cool down.
Which axis is the horizontal axis?
x-axis
