Summit - Earth and the Solar System: Models
asteroid
a small rocky body orbiting the sun
Sunspots
a spot or patch appearing from time to time on the sun's surface, appearing dark by contrast with its surroundings.
Inside the sun, when hydrogen atoms come together what do they NOT do?
affect the other planets orbit
A(n) __________ is a smaller object in the solar system that orbits around the sun and is made up of rock or metal.
asteroid
transition zone
great of greatly increased temperature
What was Gallalao's theory?
heliocentric
what is the present theory?
heliocentric
The sun is primarily composed by which two elements?
helium and hydrogen
What gases is the Sun mostly made of?
hydrogen and helium
What are comets made of?
ice
The Sun provides ____________ and ______________. to our planet.
light and heat
How are meteorites related to asteroids?
most meteorites are pieces of asteroids. primitive meteorites are remnants from solar nebula. processed meteorites are fragments of larger bodies that underwent differentiation.
How does the sun create its own energy?
nuclear fusion; conversing hydrogen to helium
A large body in space that orbits a star and does not produce light of its own
planet
Sun is a Sphere of _______.
plasma
What are asteroids made of?
rock
What are the inner planets made of?
rocks
The Sun is the center of the,
solar system
Which two words best describe the Sun?
star and gases
The Sun is an ordinary
star.
corona
the outermost layer of the sun's atmosphere
orbit
the path in a circle
Fusion
the process or result of joining two or more things together to form a single entity.
It reflects the most sunlight toward Earth
the sun
What is at the center of our current model of the solar system?
the sun
What takes up most of the space in the solar system?
the sun
If you look at the sky, why is the sun larger than the other stars?
the sun is closer to the earth's surface
Luminosity
the true brightness of a star
Name one of the outer planets
Any of these: Saturn, Uranus, Jupiter, Neptune
How are asteroids and comets different?
Comets are made up of rock, ice, and frozen gases, while asteroids are made up of rock and metals.
How does a comet look different than an asteroid?
Comets have a tail, asteroids do not
Geocentric Theory
Earth is the center of the Universe
What is the name of the model of the solar system where the Earth is at the center and the Sun and other planets move around the Earth in circles?
Geocentric
What is the name of the model of the solar system where the Sun is at the center and the planets move around the Sun?
Heliocentric
How are asteroids different from comets?
Asteroids are mostly rock; comets are mostly ice.
Galileo Galilei
This scientist proved Copernicus' theory that the sun was the center of the solar system and developed the modern experimental method.
What is the name of the process that happens in the Sun to create all of its light and heat?
fusion
What are the outer planets made of?
gas
The sun is a huge ball of hot___________.
gases
What was Nicolaus Copernicus' theory about the universe?
geocentric
what is the past theory?
geocentric
Our Sun is a star, a sphere of plasma held together by
gravity
What important aspect holds the planets in orbit?
gravity
comet
A ball of frozen dust and rock that orbits the sun and has a tail that glows
star
A ball of hot gas, primarily hydrogen and helium, that undergoes nuclear fusion.
Ellipse
A elongated circle, or oval shape, the shape of the planets orbit.
Gravity
A force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses.
planet
A large body in space that orbits a star and does not produce light of its own
What is the name of a piece of rock that flies into Earth's atmosphere and burns up
A meteor (also called a shooting star)
Heliocentric
A model of the solar system in which Earth and the other planets revolve around the sun
Geocentric
A model of the universe in which Earth is at the center of the revolving planets and stars.
meteor
A streak of light in the sky made by the burning of a meteoroid in Earth's atmosphere.
meteor
A streak of light in the sky produced by the burning of a meteoroid in Earth's atmosphere.
solar wind
A stream of electrically charged particles produced by the sun's corona
Why did ancient people think the Earth was at the center of the Universe?
Because they saw the other objects moving around the Earth in the sky
Name one of the inner planets
Any of these: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
Where did ancient people believe the Earth was located in the Universe?
In the center of the universe
Kevin is observing the sky on a clear night. With the unaided eye he is able to see Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Why would Venus appear to be brighter than the other planets?
It reflects the most sunlight toward Earth
Kevin is observing the sky on a clear night. With the unaided eye he is able to see Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Why would Venus appear to be brighter than the other planets?
It reflects the most sunlight toward Earth.
What is the biggest planet in the solar system?
Jupiter
What is the smallest planet in the solar system?
Mercury
Name the planets in order of closest to the Sun to farthest from the Sun
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Chromoshpere
Middle layer, color sphere,
Heliocentric Theory
Sun is the center of the universe
Photosphere
Surface of the sun
In the 1500s, Nicolaus Copernicus proposed a new theory on the heliocentric structure of the solar system. Which of these statements best describes this new theory?
The Sun is at the center of the solar system.
Is the Sun solid, liquid, or gas?
The Sun is made of gas
Why is the Sun so much brighter than other stars?
The Sun is much closer to the Earth than other stars
orbit
The path of an object as it revolves around another object in space
Shoemaker-Levy-9 was an object in the Solar System that crashed into the planet Jupiter in July 1994. It was a huge chunk of ice and dust that orbited the sun in a long, flat orbit before Jupiter's gravity attracted it; pulling it apart as it crashed into the surface. Shoemaker-Levy-9 was MOST likely classified as ___________.
a comet
why did the people believe that the universe was Geocentric?
because all they saw was the other objects moving in the sky
solar cycles and volcanic activity
causes of natural warming and cooling cycles of the Earth
Fusion
coming together; how the two hydrogen atoms come together to form helium
Layers of the sun in order
core, radiative zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, corona
The Sun holds all of earths__________.
energy; it provides all of the heat and light
