Survey of Ohio History Final Exam (Short Answer)

In what ways did federal (national) developments and activities help shape the future state of Ohio, politically and otherwise, in the two decades between the Revolutionary War and statehood in 1803?

... infrastructure (roads and canals) - industry improvements (assembly line) - production (crops, goods, ect.) - education reform - st. clair's affect on future constitution

Why did the anti-slavery struggle become so intense in Ohio and how did the state contribute to a national political movement against slavery and its extension?

1. Many anti-slavery abolitionist in Ohio (ex. John Rankin). 2. Many freed slaves went to Ohio to start new laws and to help free other slaves. 3. Ohio River was freeing point for slaves outside of Kentucky. 4. Black laws enforced in Ohio

"Internal improvement" (we would probably say transportation infrastructure) was an extremely important issue for Ohioans during the first half of the 19th century: what were the most important examples of these kinds of projects and in what ways did they affect the state's development?

1. The national Road. Gave Ohioans contact to the East, and more migrated to the state.

In what major ways has de-industrialization changed Ohio's economic and political landscape since the 1970s?

All major cities in Ohio (except Columbus) relied on manufacturing, without it they struggle economically. Politically those who can't keep jobs move, losing votes. Voting could be dominated by one source if people leave due to lack of a job.

In what major ways have Ohio's population patterns changed in the second half of the twentieth century and what were the most important effects of these changes?

All the jobs that are popular as of 2010 depend on others, and their ability to make money. If there are no more manufacturing jobs, where is the money that people can spend on services and retail?

1. In what ways - direct or indirect - did the European presence help transform Native American life in the area we call Ohio prior to the arrival of white settlers?

European settlement had overwhelmingly negative consequences for Native Americans. Though Native American tribes did occasionally form positive relationships with European settlers, permanent European settlement in America eventually led to disease and displacement. Native Americans had no immunity to European illnesses and their population was devastated by the (sometimes deliberate) introduction of diseases like smallpox. Over time, most surviving tribes were forcibly relocated from their traditional lands to make way for expanding European settlements.

Why did the not-terribly-exciting issue of banks and banking become such a contentious issue in Ohio politics during the first half of the 19th century?

Legal tender was in short supply on the early frontier, settlers depended on barter, and really hurt the over all economic growth and advancement in many places. The state wanted to insure that banks were trustworthy, so they decided to try and control them through charters (essentially regulating the bank). There was no control of bank payments, and there was no role how much money they had to have on reserve. Many fake bank notes, but allowed for many advantages, like helping with settlement. The panic of 1819 was essentially the first depression in the US, and Ohio blamed it on the US government. Banks in Ohio did not have enough money to pay back the bank of United states. Many people began to lose their land, and land lost its value. The state suffered economically with the building of canals that helped the economy. The big banks gained from these.

Why did Ohio remain politically conservative in the period from 1930s to the 1960s in spite of the national liberal trend that seemed to affect other industrial states?

Ohio was mostly conservative during this period. They were a swing state with a lower national profile; had both Republicans and Conservative Democrats; brought about the rise of suburban Ohio;

In what major ways, temporary and permanent, did the two world wars of the twentieth century affect Ohio?

Ohioans played a critical role in helping the United States attain victory in World War II. Approximately 839,000 Ohioans, roughly twelve percent of the state's entire population in 1940, served in the armed forces during the conflict, Of these men and women, twenty-three thousand of them died or were missing in action by the war's conclusion.Ohio civilians also actively participated in the war effort, joining in scrap drives and growing victory gardens. Tens of thousands of people also flocked to Ohio, seeking jobs in defense industries.

Why did the struggle over temperance and prohibition become so intense in Ohio and which factors account for Ohio going "dry" in 1918?

Progressives especially supported Prohibition, as these reformers tried to convince their fellow citizens to live a more moral lifestyle. 1. Many groups that were for Prohibition (Women's Temperance Movement, Anti-Saloon League).

2. Why did the "middle ground" which had supposedly existed between Native and European peoples come to an end in Ohio in the latter part of the 18th century?

The FIW and Am Rev were important turning points because they stripped Indians of potential allies and left them with the most land-hungry non-Indian power - the US. You're also correct, I think, that Fallen Timbers and Greenville marked the end of the MG,

Why did Ohio - a state without legal segregation and a history of being an attractive destination for African-American migrants - nevertheless experience significant civil-rights related conflict in the 1960s?

There was still inequality within Ohio. Many from Ohio went down south to help the Blacks in the south. Ohio Civil Rights Act of 1959 to "prevent and eliminate the practice of discrimination in employment against persons because of their race, color, religion, national origin, or ancestry." The Civil Rights Act also guaranteed all people fair access to public facilities and private businesses. The Ohio Civil Rights Act established the Ohio Civil Rights Commission to help eliminate discrimination in Ohio.

• Which factors might help account for Ohio's dramatic industrial transformation in the period following the Civil War?

There were many new industries that popped up after the war. For example, Akron grew in population due to the rubber industry. Also, many groups of people migrated to Ohio. African Americans moved to Ohio for example.

In 1861, Governor Wm. Dennison proclaimed that "Ohio must lead throughout this war!" Did it?

They helped. Provided troops, supplies, military leadership, transportation.

What were the "progressive reformers" of the early 20th century trying to accomplish and to what extent did they succeed in Ohio?

Trying to modernize the US society. Wanted to be a more efficient country. They opposed the results of industrialization and urbanization. One of Ohio's more prominent reformers was Tom Loftin Johnson. During the 1880s, Johnson became involved in politics. . In 1897, Jones received the Republican Party's nomination for Toledo's mayoral office