SYG 2430 Final
Family and Medical Leave Act
-12 weeks of unpaid leave -care for covered child, spouse, parent, other relative -smaller companies exempt -covers major issues, but not more routine
divorces are higher for:
-2nd and 3rd marriages -in the earlier years of marriage -African Americans and American Indians -baby boom cohort -those with less schooling
how does family violence affect kids
-affects future relationships -they are at risk for behavior problems -impairs academic performance -more likely to abuse alcohol or drugs, suffer from weight or sleep problems, and be depressed -more likely to do violence themselves as adults
what were characteristics of the sexual revolution
-average age at first marriage increased -divorce laws changed -birth control
divorce revolution
-change in attittudes -change in laws (before you had to show fault, after you didn't) -baby boom cohort as distinctive
couples are more likely to divorce when they
-describe themselves as unhappy in their marriages -spend less time alone with each other -disagree frequently about different things -have heated arguments, shout at, or hit each other
consequences of divorce
-divorced people are generally less happy than married people -particularly affects women in a negative economic way -stress may negatively affect kid's school performance and happiness, and undermine their relationships with their parents
why do people stay in abusive relationships
-economic hardship -belief that abuser will change -negative self concept and low self-esteem -child support -fear -home becomes a prison
medical perspective on conflict, violence
-focus on serious injury, illness, risks -may be done by male or female -intervention: focus on impulse control, underlying causes, therapy
political perspective on conflict, violence
-includes both major and minor injuries, threats -domination -usually men or person in power
what may have affected the decreasing trend in family violence
-increase in shelters/hotlines -womens increased economic independence -decline in the number of marrying/cohabiting adults
what factors may make a child more likely to experience neglect/abuse
-those living with parents who have a history of mental health problems or who were abused as children -those in households where violence happens between adults or adults have a criminal record -those in poor families -those in families with weak support networks
who is at greater risk for intimate partner violence
-women, especially younger ones -women in families with economic hardship -relationships involving drug and alcohol abuse -women in cohabiting relationships vs married women
weddings cost around
12,000
intensive motherhood
a cultural pressure on women to devote more time, energy, and money to raising their kids
cross sex friendship
a friendship between a man and woman that is strictly platonic
annulment of marriage
a legal or religious determination that the marriage was never valid
which groups have lower marriage rates
african americans, lower education people, people with lower income
blended family
any family that includes stepparents, stepsiblings, or half-siblings
why is elder abuse difficult to identify and prevent
because it often takes place in isolated, intimate settings
why has adoption become less common even though its more open and acceptable these days
because less stigma is associated with single motherhood and more moms are keeping their kids
social exchange perspective
calculate rewards and costs social costs may discourage some men
what has helped lead to decreased divorce rates
cohabiting and then breakup
work-family conflict
conflict that happens when the time demands, strains, or obligations of work/family roles make it difficult for people to fulfill their obligations in either role
Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) of 1996
defined marriage as between a man and woman for federal purposes; states could make their own laws, but not required to recognize out of state gay marriages
Obergefell v Hodges (2015)
equal access, legal nationwide
boundary ambiguity
happens when family members do not know or agree on who is in the family and what role each person plays
how has the nature of marriage changed over time
increasingly gender neutral, equal partners, emphasis on love
divorce
legal, formal dissolution of a marriage
coercive controlling violence
less common; involves violence as part of a bid for control; more likely to involve escalating violence and serious injury
benefits of marriage
married people have more income, more property, and more education than unmarried people
maternal gatekeeping
mother's behavior that may encourage or discourage father's involvement in family and child care
separation
refers to the formal or informal separation of married spouses into different households
intimate partner violence
refers to violence between partners who are or were involved in a relationship
frustration-aggression perspective
says that men have access to more opportunity which leads to more power and status men who do not share in this power and status may resort to violence as a way of establishing authority
US vs Windsor (2013)
struck down parts of DOMA federal recognition, but states could still block recognition of other states' marriages
about half of all marriages end in divorce and about half end with widowhood
supposedly true
child abuse and neglect
the act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker that results in (or puts kids at imminent risk for) harm, abuse, or exploitation
marital dissolution
the end of a marriage through permanent separation or divorce; this term is used because some couples who separate never get a legal divorce
involved father ideal
the father as an emotional, nurturing companion who bonds with his children as well as provides for them
what has weakened the ties or marriage
the growth of individualism and goals of individual fulfillment
motherhood penalty
the loss of earnings women experience after they have children
situational couple violence
the most common form of violence; results from specific arguments and does not involve a pattern of escalating violence
total fertility rate
the number of children born to the average woman in her lifetime
elder abuse
the physical, sexual, or emotional abuse of old people by someone with whom they share an intimate or caring relationship
selection effect
the problem that occurs when the cause being studied has already been determined by the outcome that is under investigation
marriage market
the social space in which people search for potential marriage partners
according to what the ted talk said, people stay about has happy when single as when married (for couples that stay married)
true
america has high divorce and remarriage rates
true
couples that live together before marriage are more likely to get divorced, though the reasons why are not supposedly known
true
divorce has (supposedly) been permitted for at least 4000 years in some cultures
true
marriage rates have fallen since the 1960s, but the majority still get married
true
married couples are less likely to be poor than single adults
true
men are more likely to remarry
true
more than 2/3 of marriages begin with cohabitation
true
people are spending more time single
true
same sex marriages are supposedly more egalitarian
true
since the 1990s, the US has experienced steep declines in the level of criminal violence. Violence within families seems to have followed this trend too
true
the trend in divorce has widened social class inequality - divorce is less common among those with higher levels of education
true
there are higher marriage rates among the college educated
true
there was a peak in divorce in the 1980s, but its been declining since then
true
women are more likely to be victims of intimate partner violence
true
why are weddings expensive
wedding markup, because people are unfamiliar with weddings and don't know how much they should cost, and because people see it as a once in a lifetime thing
increase in cohabitations?
yes
is endogamy (marrying within your group) prevalent in the US
yes
is marriage still common
yes
