systems analysis test 1 chapter 1-5 key terms

Which of the following is NOT a factor in determining schedule feasibility?

40 Hour Work Week

Tangible benefit

A benefit derived from the creation of an information system that can be measured in dollars and with certainty

Intangible benefit

A benefit derived from the creation of an information system that cannot be easily measured in dollars or with certainty.

Internet-of-Things (IoT)

A broad class of physical objects that feature an Internet address and connectivity that communicate between these objects and other Internet-enabled devices and systems

Top-down planning

A generic ISP methodology that attempts to gain a broad understanding of the information systems needs of the entire organization.

Bottom-up planning

A generic information systems planning methodology that identifies and defines IS development projects based upon solving operational business problems or taking advantage of some business opportunities.

Gantt chart

A graphical representation of a project that shows each task as a horizontal bar whose length is proportional to its time for completion.

Baseline Project Plan (BPP)

A major outcome and deliverable from the project initiation and planning phase that contains the best estimate of a proj-ect's scope, benefits, costs, risks, and resource requirements.

Walk-through

A peer group review of any product created during the systems develop-ment process; also called a structured walk-through.

Project

A planned undertaking of related activities to reach an objective that has a beginning and an end.

Systems development methodology

A standard process followed in an orga-nization to conduct all the steps neces-sary to analyze, design, implement, and maintain information systems.

Mission statement

A statement that makes it clear what business a company is in

Incremental commitment

A strategy in systems analysis and design in which the project is reviewed after each phase and continuation of the project is rejustified.

Break-even analysis

A type of cost-benefit analysis to iden-tify at what point (if ever) benefits equal costs

Deliverable

An end product of an SDLC phase.

Rational Unified Process (RUP)

An object-oriented systems development methodology. RUP establishes four phases of development: inception, elaboration, construction, and transition. Each phase is organized into a number of separate iterations.

Project workbook

An online repository for all project-related documents that is used for performing project audits, orienting new team members, communicating with management and customers, identifying future projects, and performing post-project reviews.

Information systems planning (ISP)

An orderly means of assessing the information needs of an organization and defining the systems, databases, and technologies that will best satisfy those needs

Value chain analysis

Analyzing an organization's activities to determine where value is added to products and/or services and the costs incurred for doing so; it usually also includes a comparison with the activities, added value, and costs of other organizations for the purpose of making improvements in the organiza-tion's operations and performance.

Resources

Any person, group of people, piece of equipment, or material used in accom-plishing an activity

Application software

Application software Computer software designed to support organizational functions or process

Which of the following is NOT a way to manage project risks?

Changing the budget

Which of the following are delivered after the completion of the implementation phase?

Code, documentation, training procedures, and support capabilities

A critical path refers to a sequence of task activities whose ________ and ________ directly affect the completion date of a project.

Order, Durations

Joshua is a new project manager. He is unsure of how much time a new task will require to be completed on the project. He decides to use ________ to estimate a realistic time frame for the task.

PERT

Jim had to give a presentation and list the reasons why the system should not be developed during the organization because the project is in the ________.

Planning phase

Sasha reminded her team to add their project-related documents to the ________ so a proper audit could be conducted.

Project Workbook

________ is the process of defining clear activities necessary to complete activities in a single project.

Project planning

Total Slack

Refers to amount of time a task can be delayed without delaying completion

Object-oriented analysis and design (OOA

Systems development methodologies and techniques based on objects rather than data or processes

COCOMO

The Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO) is an automated software estimation model that uses historical project data and current as well as future project characteristics to estimate proj-ect costs.

Free Slack

The amount of time that a task can be delayed without delaying the early start date of any immediately following tasks

Slack time

The amount of time that an activity can be delayed without delaying the project

Information systems analysis and design

The complex organizational process whereby computer-based information systems are developed and maintained

Time value of money (TVM

The concept that money available today is worth more than the same amount tomorrow.

total cost of ownership (TCO)

The cost of owning and operating a sys-tem, including the total cost of acquisi-tion, as well as all costs associated with its ongoing use and maintenance.

Present value

The current value of a future cash flow.

Maintenance

The final phase of the SDLC, in which an information system is systematically repaired and improved.

Project closedown

The final phase of the project manage-ment process that focuses on bringing a project to an end.

Planning

The first phase of the SDLC in which an organization's total information system needs are identified, analyzed, prioritized, and arranged

Affinity clustering

The process of arranging planning matrix information so that clusters of information with a predetermined level or type of affinity are placed next to each other on a matrix report.

Legal and contractual feasibility

The process of assessing potential legal and contractual ramifications due to the construction of a system.

Operational feasibility

The process of assessing the degree to which a proposed system solves business problems or takes advantage of business opportunities.

Schedule feasibility

The process of assessing the degree to which the potential time frame and completion dates for all major activities within a project meet organizational deadlines and constraints for affecting change

Work breakdown structure

The process of dividing the project into manageable tasks and logically order-ing them to ensure a smooth evolution between tasks.

Political feasibility

The process of evaluating how key stakeholders within the organization view the proposed system.

Inheritance

The property that occurs when entity types or object classes are arranged in a hierarchy and each entity type or object class assumes the attributes and methods of its ancestors, that is, those higher up in the hierarchy. Inheritance allows new but related classes to be derived from existing classes

Cloud computing

The provision of computing resources, including applications, over the Internet, so customers do not have to invest in the computing infrastructure needed to run and maintain the resources.

Discount rate

The rate of return used to compute the present value of future cash flows.

Analysis

The second phase of the SDLC in which system requirements are studied and structured

Project planning

The second phase of the project management process that focuses on defining clear, discrete activities and the work needed to complete each activity within a single project.

Critical path

The shortest time in which a project can be completed.

Design

The third phase of the SDLC in which the description of the recommended solution is converted into logical and then physical system specifications

Project execution

The third phase of the project manage-ment process in which the plans created in the prior phases (project initiation and planning) are put into actio

Systems development life cycle (SDLC

The traditional methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace informa-tion systems.

Which of the following is a drawback of the traditional waterfall SDLC approach?

Users are locked into requirements.

Project management

controlled process of initiating, plan-ning, executing, and closing down a project.

Electronic commerce (EC)

internet-based communication to support day-to-day government, business, and consumer activities.

________ is/are the process(es) that an analyst will follow to help ensure that his work iscomplete, well-done, and understood by project team members.

techniques

Tangible cost

A cost associated with an information system that can be measured in dollars and with certainty.

Intangible cost

A cost associated with an information system that cannot be easily measured in terms of dollars or with certainty.

One-time cost

A cost associated with project start-up and development or system start-up.

Recurring cost

A cost resulting from the ongoing evolu-tion and use of a system.

Network diagram

A diagram that depicts project tasks and their interrelationships

Project Scope Statement (PSS)

A document prepared for the customer that describes what the project will deliver and outlines generally at a high level all work required to complete the project.

Request for proposal (RFP)

A document provided to vendors that asks them to propose hardware and sys-tem software that will meet the require-ments of a new system.

Internet

A large, worldwide network of networks that use a common protocol to communicate with each other.

Object class

A logical grouping of objects that have the same (or similar) attributes and behaviors (methods).

Technical feasibility

A process of assessing the development organization's ability to construct a pro-posed system

Economic feasibility

A process of identifying the financial benefits and costs associated with a development project.

Critical path scheduling

A scheduling technique whose order and duration of a sequence of task activities directly affect the completion date of a project.

Objective statements

A series of statements that express an organization's qualitative and quantita-tive goals for reaching a desired future position.

Project charter

A short document prepared for the customer during project initiation that describes what the project will deliver and outlines generally at a high level all work required to complete the project.

Object

A structure that encapsulates (or packages) attributes and methods that operate on those attributes. An object is an abstraction of a real-world thing in which data and processes are placed together to model the structure and behavior of the real-world object

Feasibility study

A study that determines if the proposed information system makes sense for the organization from an economic and operational standpoint.

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems

A system that integrates individual tra-ditional business functions into a series of modules so that a single transaction occurs seamlessly within a single infor-mation system rather than several sepa-rate systems.

Project manager

A systems analyst with a diverse set of skills—management, leadership, techni-cal, conflict management, and customer relationship—who is responsible for ini-tiating, planning, executing, and closing down a project

PERT (Program Evaluation Review Technique

A technique that uses optimistic, pes-simistic, and realistic time estimates to calculate the expected time for a par-ticular task.

Corporate strategic planning

An ongoing process that defines the mission, objectives, and strategies of an organization.

Which option identifies the point at which benefits equal costs?

Break-even Analysis

A ________, which is conducted by the project manager, involves determining if the information system makes sense for the organization from an economic and operational standpoint.

Feasibility Study

A Project Scope Statement can be used to ________. (Moderate)

Serve as a contract

Project initiation

The first phase of the project manage-ment process in which activities are performed to assess the size, scope, and complexity of the project and to estab-lish procedures to support later project activities

Implementation

The fourth phase of the SDLC, in which the information system is coded, tested, installed, and supported in the organization

Business case

The justification for an information sys-tem, presented in terms of the tangible and intangible economic benefits and costs and the technical and organiza-tional feasibility of the proposed system.

Competitive strategy

The method by which an organization attempts to achieve its mission and objectives.

Systems analyst

The organizational role most respon-sible for the analysis and design of infor-mation system

Logical design

The part of the design phase of the SDLC in which all functional features of the system chosen for development in analysis are described independently of any computer platform

Physical design

The part of the design phase of the SDLC in which the logical specifications of the system from logical design are transformed into technology-specific details from which all programming and system construction can be accomplishe

Outsourcing

The practice of turning over responsibil-ity for some or all of an organization's information systems applications and operations to an outside firm

Reuse

The use of previously written software resources, especially objects and com-ponents, in new applications.

Which of the following is a critical factor that distinguishes agile methods from traditional approaches to systems development?

Thrives in a culture where people feel empowered by having many degrees of freedom

________ refers to the amount of time a task can be delayed without delaying the completion of the project.

Total Slack