Taxonomy test

Flagella

H

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, species

Name the levels of classification from broadest to narrowest

Spheres, rods, spiral

Name the three shapes of bacteria

Break down food in digestive system; help decompose organic matter; used to make some foods; fix nitrogen for plants

Name the ways bacteria is helpful

Prophage

bacteriophage DNA that becomes embedded into host's DNA.

Virus

nonliving particle made of proteins, nucleic acids, and sometimes lipids

prokaryotic cell

Cell that has no membrane bound organelles; unicellular

Bacteriophage

"Bacteria eater"

Capsid

A

T4 bacteriophage

Give an example of a virus that uses the lytic cycle

1

How many kingdoms do Bacteria and Archaea each have?

No

Is all bacteria bad?

Eukarya

(Domain) Eukaryotic; Kingdom: "Protista", Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

Bacteria

(Domain) Unicellular and prokaryotic; Kingdom: Eubacteria

Archae

(Domain) Unicellular and prokaryotic; Live in extreme conditions; Kingdom: Archaeabacteria

Plantae

(Kingdom) Autotrophs; Vasculour or nonvasculour

Fungi

(Kingdom) Multicellular eukaryotes; Heterotrophs; Absorb decaying materials; Yeast are unicellular

Animalia

(Kingdom) Multicellular heterotrophs; Exist in almost every part of the planet

Protista

(Kingdom) Unicellular eukaryotes; More research is finding they have more in common with other kingdoms, than each other (Possibly broken into another 5 groups); Most are unicellular (brown algae is multi); Some are photosynthetic

False; they belong to class pelecypoda

(T/F) Clams belong to the phylum Mollusca and class scaphopoda

Conjugation

A hollow bridge forms between two bacterial cells, and genetic material (usually plasmids) move from one cell to the other to exchange genetic info

Heterotroph

An organism that cannot make its own food (carnivores that hunt for food)

No

Are viruses living?

Cytoplasm

B

Pili

C

Eukaryotic cell

Cell that has membrane bound organelles; more complex and larger

Cell membrane

D

Viral nucleic acid inserted into host cell's DNA, multiplies with host DNA without damaging the host

Describe the lysogenic cycle of a virus

a virus enters a bacterial cell, makes copies of itself, and causes the cell to burst (lyse)

Describe the lytic cycle of a virus

Pathogens

Disease causing agents

Cell wall

E

DNA

F

Ribosomes

G

Flu

Give an example of a mutation type of emerging disease

Polio/chickenpox

Give an example of a relapse type of emerging disease

Spore-former

Give an example of a rod shaped bacteria

Dipococci

Give an example of a sphere shaped bacteria

Vibrios

Give an example of a spiral shaped bacteria

Covid

Give an example of a sudden appearance type of emerging disease

Lamba bacteriophage

Give an example of a virus that uses the lysogenic cycle

phylogenetic tree

Graph made by using historical relationships between organisms

Cladistics

Grouping based on shared characteristics that may have come from a common ancestor

Archae cells lack peptidoglycan and their membranes contain different lipids

How are the cells in Archaea different from the ones in Bacteria?

Because the diseases older people forget to take precautions (vaccines) leading to another outbreak

How can a disease relapse in a population?

Destroys living cells or releases chemicals that upset homeostasis

How does bacteria cause disease?

Typed: Genus species; Handwritten: Genus species

How is binomial nomenclature typed and handwritten?

3: bacteria, archaea, eukarya

How many domains are in the Linnaean Taxonomic System and what are they named?

6: archaebacteria, eubacteria, protista, fungi, plantae, animalia

How many kingdoms are in the Linnaean Taxonomic System and what are they named?

Chemicals; sterilization; antibiotics

Name the 3 ways to limit the spread of bacteria

Personal hygiene; avoiding contact; vaccines

Name a few ways we can prevent the spread of viruses.

Autotroph

Organism that can produce energy for its consumption on its own (plants and photosynthesis)

Active; hidden

Some viruses replicated immediately (________ reproduction), while others initially persist in an inactive state within the host (__________ reproduction)

Taxonomy

The scientific study of describing, naming, classifying organisms

when growth conditions become unfavorable

Under what conditions does a bacteria create an endospore?

Peacock flounder

Using the dichotomous key, what is fish #1's name?

Spotted goldfish

Using the dichotomous key, what is fish #2's name?

Glassy sweeper

Using the dichotomous key, what is fish #3's name?

Squirrelfish

Using the dichotomous key, what is fish #4's name?

Spotted eagle ray

Using the dichotomous key, what is fish #5's name?

Bandtail

Using the dichotomous key, what is fish #6's name?

Spotted moray eel

Using the dichotomous key, what is fish #7's name?

Glasseye Snapper

Using the dichotomous key, what is fish #8's name?

Trumpet fish

Using the dichotomous key, what is fish #9's name?

Relapse; sudden appearance; mutation

What are the types of emerging diseases?

lytic and lysogenic

What are two way a virus can enter a host cell?

Phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, species

What categories did Linneas first classify organisms in for his taxonomic classification?

Prokaryotic cell division = produces 2 identical cells

What is binary fission?

Alligator and bony fish

What is more closely related: Alligator and bony fish / bony fish and lamphrey

Clams and octopus

What is more closely related: Sharks and birds / clams and octopus

Crab and spider

What is more closely related: Starfish and acorn worm / crab and spider

Gastropoda and Cephalopoda

What is more closely related: Urochordata and cephalochordata / Gastropoda and cephalopoda

Form; structure; differences in embryos, chromosomes, proteins, and DNA

What types of info is used to create a taxonomic scheme?

Original name for prokaryotic cell types; Archaebacteria and Eubacteria

What was the kingdom Monera? What do we use today instead?

Bacteria and Archae

Which domains have prokaryotic unicellular organisms?

Martinus Beijerinck

Who discovered viruses?

because it enriches our understanding of how genes, genomes, and species evolve.

Why are phylogenetic trees useful/important?

Viruses cannot reproduce on its own -> must infect living cells; can crystallize

Why are viruses considered not alive?

Virus = Latin word for disease

Why did Beijerinck use the name virus?

It enables bacteria to survive in new environments and resist antibiotics; increases genetic diversity

Why would bacteria utilize conjugation as a method for reproduction?

Endospore

a thick internal wall that encloses the DNA and a portion of the cytoplasm

Capsid

protein coat surrounding virus