TEAS - English - Knowledge of Language

Writing

Drafting/Writing

congregation

a group of people assembled for religious worship

Custodian

(n.) one having charge of buildings or grounds or animals

Unrelated sentences

- A group of words or phrases that do not belong with the themes/structure/content of a paragraph. - Can be a sentence or a group of sentences.

Formal tone

- It focuses on being thorough and direct, yet respectful. - It uses full words rather than contractions and emphasizes facts and grammatical correctness. - A writing tone is common in academic or professional contexts.

Transition sentences

- Move from one point to another, either in the paragraph or from one paragraph to another. - Often include words such as: alternately, however, moreover, in contrast, moving on, etc.

Supporting details

- are examples, evidence, or other facts/details that support the main idea. - not begin or end of the paragraph but in the middle of the paragraph. - use one of the following words: for example, in addition, in fact, furthermore, as a result, first, second, third, next, lastly, etc.

Secondary sources of writing

- describe, interpret, and analyze primary sources. - includes magazines, newspapers, and scholarly journal articles.

Cynical

- doubtful or distrustful of the goodness or sincerity of human motives - a lack of trust in people

Editing

- encompasses both editing and proofreading - checks that all sources are cited correctly in the text of the paper

Concluding sentences

- end our paragraph, tying up loose ends and summarizing our idea/argument. - OR let the reader know that we are finished with this thought and we are moving on to another idea. - Often uses these words: without a doubt, in conclusion, therefore, as expressed, as a result, overall, lastly, for this reason, etc.

Mind mapping

- one brainstorming technique - create diagram that connects information around a central subject or topic

Stream-of-consciousness technique

- one brainstorming technique - write down your thoughts as you think them

Primary sources of writing

- provide firsthand evidence about an event, object, historical period, or person. - includes historical documents, journals, eyewitness accounts, pieces of art, speeches, and audio and video recordings.

Compelling

- showing interest, being very engaging and interested - inspires conviction and has the power to convince of the truth, rightness, or reality of something.

Conferencing

- to confer with another about your writing; meeting with your teacher to review an essay - to get feedback - peer review

B (This is correct because the overall tone of the text is objective, whereas this sentence uses a subjective tone that doesn't appear in the rest of the text.)

A few years ago, it was common to have the newspaper delivered every day. People would subscribe to a paper of their choosing, which would appear every morning on their doorstep, and they would open and read it while drinking their coffees. However, nowadays, almost everybody has a smartphone or computer where they can check current events and stay updated, and newspapers are becoming a rare sight. I think this is great because now you don't need to cut trees down to get your daily news. Which of the following sentences from the passage does not follow the overall tone of the passage? A. A few years ago, it was common to have the newspaper delivered every day. B. I think this is great because now you don't need to cut trees down to get your daily news. C. People would subscribe to a paper of their choosing, which would appear every morning on their doorstep, and they would open and read it while drinking their coffees. D. However, nowadays, almost everybody has a smartphone or computer where they can check current events and stay updated, and newspapers are becoming a rare sight.

Nostagic

A mixed feeling of happiness/sadness/longing when remembering a person, place, or even from the past

paleontologist

A scientist who studies fossils to learn about organisms that lived long ago

B

A student is writing a paper for their basic anatomy class and is unsure how they should cite their sources. What should the student do? A. Look for a citation style online and use that one. B. Find out from the instructor what citation style to use. C. Use the citation style used in other science classes. D. Alternate different citation styles, assuming that one will be correct.

fossil

A trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock.

Verb

Adverb modifies Example: The patient listened attentively to the attending physician.

D (This is correct because informal language, which we use for relaxed situations (e. g. when communicating with friends or family), is characterized by shorter sentences, the use of contractions and phrasal verbs, and an accessible vocabulary. The use of the word "bugs" rather than academic terms such as "insects" changes the tone of this sentence when compared with the rest of the paragraph.)

American anthropologist Marvin Harris was one of the most influential scholars of the 20th century. His work centered on studying the relationship between environment and culture or, in other words, on studying cultural-ecological relationships. One of his most famous works explains the origin of taboo foods, such as holy cows in India, or the fact that kosher and halal diets both forbid the consumption of pork. He also explained why some cultures used to eat other humans and why some people eat bugs. Regarding pork as taboo food, Harris argues that while many domesticated animals consume grass, pigs compete with humans for grain. In addition, animals like cattle and goats provide milk, transport, and labor, whereas pigs produce only meat. This relationship, added to the fact that pigs were also taboo in Ancient Egypt, suggests that environmental rather than cultural factors are decisive for forbidding the ingestion of this kind of meat. Which of the following sentences from the passage uses informal language? A. His work centered on studying the relationship between environment and culture or, in other words, on studying cultural-ecological relationships. B. Regarding pork as taboo food, Harris argues that while many domesticated animals consume grass, pigs compete with humans for grain. C. This relationship, added to the fact that pigs were also taboo in Ancient Egypt, suggests that environmental rather than cultural factors are decisive for forbidding the ingestion of this kind of meat. D. He also explained why some cultures used to eat other humans and why some people eat bugs.

increasing use of the plural noun "they" or "their" to indicate the singular when gender is unknown or unimportant: "The player loaned their glove to the newcomer."

An exception of pronoun-antecedent agreement is

C

Beneath glaring lights, stands filled at the Pomeroy Pirates' home field. It was time. Dad wasn't there. Natasha gulped water and decided it was less pressure anyway. She approached the mound, ball in hand. The first three batters struck out on eleven pitches. In the next inning, three got on-base, and one scored off an RBI. By the sixth, the Pirates were up 3-1 with two outs and two runners on. Natasha stared down the Mustangs' star hitter with the resolve of a bird of prey. She targeted the catcher's mitt and let it fly - strike, ball, strike, ball. Natasha took a deep breath, swung another windmill, and launched her pitch- strike! Which of the following sentences uses ideas and language that fit the passage? A. She tossed and turned, but the narrow and soft bed didn't allow her to find a comfortable position. B. In addition to her elated fellow players, Natasha observed that her progenitor was also painting the town red. C. Teammates rushing over, she leaped and shouted to the erupting cheers. D. Knowing her grandmother would be proud, Natasha proceeded to enchant the silent audience with her melodious singing voice in a rendition of "Rolling in the Deep" by Adele.

C

Benjamin analyzed his essay for hours to proofread every section multiple times. Which step of the writing process should be completed after the step described above? A. Writing B. Brainstorming C. Citing sources D. Revising

Pre-writing

Brainstorming/Planning/Outlining

D

Brittany and her classmates ___ in the library after class today. Which of the following options completes the sentence above? A. was meeting B. were meeting C. is meeting D. are meeting

C

Chase had a difficult time at the funeral crying hysterically. Which of the following is misplaced in the sentence above? A. difficult time B. at the funeral C. crying hysterically D. hysterically

C

CleverTyping is the smartphone keyboard app that is revolutionizing the way we type. With its innovative layout and its prodigious autocorrect AI, the app will improve your typing experience, allowing you to make 75% fewer mistakes. Since it was launched nine months ago, it has been downloaded by over two million users, and it's particularly popular in Mexico and Brazil, where it has grown 760% in the last two months. What is the author's tone in this passage? A. Cynical B. Loving C. Compelling D. Pessimistic

D (My husband never overpacks for trips is correct because it is off-topic. While the paragraph does focus on overpacking, the author speaks in first person about his or her own experiences and strategies, so this additional information about the husband is not necessary.)

Do you have trouble packing for trips? I know I myself am an over-packer. Even if I'm going somewhere for just a couple days, I easily tend to pack enough for an entire week or better. My mind manages to come up with every possible scenario where I might need this outfit or that extra item just in case. A couple strategies that I have found helpful are to either limit myself to one outfit each day or only pack pieces of clothing that can be worn multiple days with multiple outfits. My husband never overpacks for trips. This avoids packing several items for every day, and instead, your suitcase becomes easier to transport from place to place. Limiting the number of shoes, books, hats, or electronic devices brought on a trip can be helpful, too. We don't always realize how much space those take up. Underpacking may seem impossible, but with plenty of practice and careful thought, your luggage might just lose a few pounds! Which of the following sentences contains information that does not belong in the paragraph? A. My mind manages to come up with every possible scenario where I might need this outfit or that extra item just in case. B. Underpacking may seem impossible, but with plenty of practice and careful thought, your luggage might just lose a few pounds! C. I know I myself am an overpacker. D. My husband never overpacks for trips.

A (The condition is extraordinarily rare, with only about 60 people in the world having been diagnosed with it as of 2021. => This is incorrect because this sentence has a formal tone, as does the rest of the text.)

Elaine has hyperthymesia, a condition that leads people to be able to remember specific details of virtually every day of their lives since they were children. Doesn't it sound insanely cool? The condition is extraordinarily rare, with only about 60 people in the world having been diagnosed with it as of 2021. The diagnosis led Elaine to participate in a show that featured seven individuals thought to have this kind of prodigious memory, where she discussed her superior memorization abilities. Which of the following sentences from the passage does not follow the overall tone of the passage? A. Doesn't it sound insanely cool? B. The condition is extraordinarily rare, with only about 60 people in the world having been diagnosed with it as of 2021. C. Elaine has hyperthymesia, a condition that leads people to be able to remember specific details of virtually every day of their lives since they were children. D. The diagnosis led Elaine to participate in a show that featured seven individuals thought to have this kind of prodigious memory, where she discussed her superior memorization abilities.

A (Normally, this is considered a minor annoyance, but they can also be bigger, too is correct because the remaining portion of the paragraph addresses minor annoyances, but never mentions bigger pet peeves. Therefore, this sentence is not needed.)

Have you ever heard of a pet peeve? A pet peeve is something that someone finds particularly irritating. Normally, this is considered a minor annoyance, but they can also be bigger, too. For example, it might bother someone if an object isn't placed a certain way or in a certain order in comparison to those surrounding it. However, the next person to come along may hardly notice it. A pet peeve could also be an action that a sample of the population does or does not do, such as using a blinker to signal a turning vehicle. There really is no regulation for what is or isn't a pet peeve; it's completely dependent upon the person. What's your biggest pet peeve? Which of the following sentences contains information that does not belong in the paragraph? A. Normally, this is considered a minor annoyance, but they can also be bigger, too. B. For example, it might bother someone if an object isn't placed a certain way or in a certain order in comparison to those surrounding it. C. A pet peeve is something that someone finds particularly irritating. D. There really is no regulation for what is or isn't a pet peeve; it's completely dependent upon the person.

D

Hidden behind the cabinets, Sharon couldn't see her pet hamster. Which of the following is misplaced in the sentence above? A. pet hamster B. couldn't C. Sharon D. hidden behind the cabinets

- people who have cancer - people who use wheelchairs for mobility

How to revise gender bias for the below sentence? - cancer victims - the wheelchair-bound

Dentists should explain procedures to their patients.

How to revise gender bias for the below sentence? A dentist should explain procedures to his patients.

B

Hummus is a simple, flavorful, and nourishing Middle-Eastern chickpea dip. To make it, you need boiled chickpeas, vegetable oil, tahini, water, a garlic clove, lemon juice, and cumin powder. Mix all the ingredients except the oil and blend them using a blender until they are well integrated. Add the oil and keep blending for another few minutes until creamy. Drizzle with olive oil, sweet paprika, and sesame seeds and serve with bread or vegetables. What is the author's tone in this passage? A. Informal B. Objective C. Regretful D. Optimistic

B (However, I love seeing people's faces when I give them an unexpected answer. => This is incorrect because this sentence has an informal tone, as does the rest of the text.)

I deeply hate those typical questions you need to answer during a job interview, or on a cover letter, and the like. "What is your biggest strength? What makes you a good fit for this job? Where do you see yourself in ten years?" they say. The mere thought of them is more than enough to make me feel as uneasy and uncomfortable as if these monotonous questions were asphyxiating me. However, I love seeing people's faces when I give them an unexpected answer. Whenever anybody asks me where I see myself in ten years, I always put on a very serious face and say, "In jail". Which of the following sentences from the passage does not follow the overall tone of the passage? A. However, I love seeing people's faces when I give them an unexpected answer. B. The mere thought of them is more than enough to make me feel as uneasy and uncomfortable as if these monotonous questions were asphyxiating me. C. I deeply hate those typical questions you need to answer during a job interview, or on a cover letter, and the like. D. Whenever anybody asks me where I see myself in ten years, I always put on a very serious face and say, "In jail."

D

If the choices below were part of an outline, which one would be the first level of the outline, or the main point? A. Division over the practice of slavery. B. State rights versus federal rights. C. The election of Abraham Lincoln. D. Causes of the Civil War.

D

Many people in America might make the argument that dogs are man's best friend. In countless towns and cities, one would struggle to take a trip out of the house without spotting one of these furry friends along the way. To many, dogs serve as the most loyal companions. Whether you're feeling happy, sad, upset, or disappointed, a dog will always love you. They don't judge us based on our appearance, and if we make mistakes, they continue to excitedly stand by us. On top of that, dogs are almost always up for an adventure, willing to join their humans for a walk, car ride, or hike at the drop of a hat. What would life be like without our four-legged besties? Which of the following sentences contains information that does not belong in the paragraph? A. To many, dogs serve as the most loyal companions. B. They don't judge us based on our appearance, and if we make mistakes, they continue to excitedly stand by us. C. In countless towns and cities, one would struggle to take a trip out of the house without spotting one of these furry friends along the way. D. What would life be like without our four-legged besties?

phrases or clauses

Modifiers don't just have to be single words, they can be ____ or ___, too! Example: - Alberto was thrilled to see the building where he worked before he was a nurse. - Having passed the TEAS exam, he called everyone he knew to celebrate!

A (To commemorate your time with these magnificent creatures, most zoos have a gift shop where you can purchase memorabilia, such as stuffed animals, books, coffee mugs, or keychains. This is incorrect because it provides an example of what you can do at the zoo.)

No adventure holds quite as much excitement as the zoo does! As you may know, zoos around the United States house several animal species that are native to all seven continents. In a matter of hours, you can travel the whole globe to see some of its most exotic and captivating wildlife. Even the smallest zoos incorporate a variety of species, ranging from the penguins of Antarctica to the elephants of Africa to the bears of North America, and all can be observed in exhibits that mimic their natural habitats. Some zoos showcase extra excitement for their guests by providing them with opportunities to feed different animals. For example, you might receive lettuce to feed giraffes or biscuits to feed alligators. Of course, to keep both humans and animals out of harm's way, all feeding is done from a safe distance. To commemorate your time with these magnificent creatures, most zoos have a gift shop where you can purchase memorabilia, such as stuffed animals, books, coffee mugs, or keychains. Next time you're in need of an adventure, head to a zoo! Which of the following sentences from the paragraph above is the concluding sentence? A. Next time you're in need of an adventure, head to a zoo! B. As you may know, zoos around the United States house several animal species that are native to all seven continents. C. To commemorate your time with these magnificent creatures, most zoos have a gift shop where you can purchase memorabilia, such as stuffed animals, books, coffee mugs, or keychains. D. Some zoos showcase extra excitement for their guests by providing them with opportunities to feed different animals.

Pronoun-Antecedent agreement

Pronouns must agree with their antecedent. Example: 1. Because Jane's office was on the fourth floor, it had an incredible view. + Jane's office: antecedent. + it: pronoun 2. People love to take walks in this park, and they are out here every weekend. + People: antecedent. + they: pronoun.

singular

Nouns that exist as things that can't be counted are ____ subjects (abstract concepts, a thing, a disease, a language, an activity in the -ing form, a substance, research, etc.) Example: Research on the topic was very limited.

D (Being there, you are faced with two choices: stand in line to see the sophisticated collections of contemporary art (so contemporary the paint is still wet), or go explore the Bois de Boulogne's magnificent gardens, alleys, and lakes. => This is incorrect because this sentence has a subjective tone, as does the rest of the text.)

Paris offers a wide array of fascinating attractions for tourists and residents alike, such as this delightful museum. Designed by Frank Gehry, the building of the Louis Vuitton Foundation is a contemporary art center in the Bois de Boulogne (Paris). The space, which opened in 2014, is a remarkable one: dedicated to contemporary art, you can enjoy the outstanding permanent collection or one of the two or three breathtaking temporary exhibitions that are organized every year. Being there, you are faced with two choices: stand in line to see the sophisticated collections of contemporary art (so contemporary the paint is still wet), or go to explore the Bois de Boulogne's magnificent gardens, alleys, and lakes. Which of the following sentences from the passage does not follow the overall tone of the passage? A. Paris offers a wide array of fascinating attractions for tourists and residents alike, such as this delightful museum. B. Being there, you are faced with two choices: stand in line to see the sophisticated collections of contemporary art (so contemporary the paint is still wet), or go explore the Bois de Boulogne's magnificent gardens, alleys, and lakes. C. The space, which opened in 2014, is a remarkable one: dedicated to contemporary art, you can enjoy the outstanding permanent collection or one of the two or three breathtaking temporary exhibitions that are organized every year. D. Designed by Frank Gehry, the building of the Louis Vuitton Foundation is a contemporary art center in the Bois de Boulogne (Paris).

Post-Writing

Revising/Proofreading, Citing Sources, Publishing

A (New York City might have some of those, too, though is correct because although the topic of the paragraph is San Francisco, this sentence shifts the focus to New York City before quickly moving back to San Francisco.) (Weekly farmer's markets provide wonderful fresh produce for locals. is incorrect. This is because it is a detail that tells more about San Francisco, so it connects to the topic.)

San Francisco is a must-see city in the United States. The entire city is full of beautiful architecture and scenery that one could spend days exploring. Weekly farmer's markets provide wonderful fresh produce for locals. Ready for visitors, parks lurk around every corner. New York City might have some of those, too, though. The Wharf and Ferry Building both burst with shops and restaurants to keep your stomach and shopping bags full. A trek across the Golden Gate Bridge makes for the best bonding time with a loved one, and a run along the bay can clear the most crowded mind. San Francisco holds a treasure for everyone. Which of the following sentences contains information that does not belong in the paragraph? A. New York City might have some of those, too, though. B. The Wharf and Ferry Building both burst with shops and restaurants to keep your stomach and shopping bags full. C. Weekly farmer's markets provide wonderful fresh produce for locals. D. San Francisco holds a treasure for everyone.

C

She was a fierce competitor, and nothing is going to keep her from running that marathon despite a hamstring injury. Which of the following describes the grammar problem in the sentence above? A. Poor diction B. Ambiguous word choice C. Tense disagreement D. Inappropriate transition word choice

D

She was really looking forward to the picnic, ___ she feared it might rain that afternoon. Which of the following transition words/phrases is most appropriate to complete the sentence above? A. after all B. likewise C. in other words D. although

nuances

Synonyms, or words with the same dictionary definitions, often have different ___. Example: - She loved taking long walks in the sun on nice days like this. => "nice" can be replaced with "lovely", but not with "courteous" & "friendly."

B

That night, when Mia was quietly driving back home on an empty road, her eye caught the glimpse of what she thought could be a medium-sized dog, so she started pressing the brake pedal. While the car slowed down, she turned the full beam lights off to avoid scaring the animal. An animal that, now that she was closer, resembled a small doe. To her surprise, the doe made a sound that resulted in a cute baby deer appearing on the road and diligently crossing it with its mother, leaving Mia with an overwhelming feeling of awe at nature's beauty. What is the author's tone in this passage? A. Satirical B. Sentimental C. Objective D. Bitter

C

That team of doctors ___________ for their amazing diagnostic talents. Which of the following options completes the sentence above? A. is infamous B. are infamous C. is renowned D. are renowned

Incorrect because different tenses are used in one sentence. => He was an amazing cook, and nothing was going to keep him from attempting to make a complicated souffle. => He is an amazing cook, and nothing is going to keep him from attempting to make a complicated souffle.

The below sentence is correct or not? He was an amazing cook, and nothing is going to keep him from attempting to make a complicated souffle.

D

The class ___ scrubs for the first time yesterday, it was a proud moment. Which of the following options completes the sentence above? A. wear B. wearing C. weared D. wore

plural

The following are considered ___ in English: earnings, proceeds, goods, surroundings, odds, contents, and valuables.

singular; singular

The following are used as ____ and require a ____ verb: each, each one, either, neither, everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody, nobody, somebody, someone, and no one. Example: Neither extended deadline was accepted.

D

The little brick house sure needed some repairs, but Jacob was convinced that a little bit of work could make his new property shine. He would start by removing all that old floral wallpaper and adding a coat of white paint, and then he would polish the wooden floors. If the incompetent previous owner had done their share of repairs, the house would be in way better shape. However, little by little, the property would return to its former glory, and he would have his dream home. Which of the following sentences from the passage does not follow the overall tone of the passage? A. The little brick house sure needed some repairs, but Jacob was convinced that a little bit of work could make his new property shine. B. He would start by removing all that old floral wallpaper and adding a coat of white paint, and then he would polish the wooden floors. C. However, little by little, the property would return to its former glory, and he would have his dream home. D. If the incompetent previous owner had done their share of repairs, the house would be in way better shape.

A

The school, located atop one of the highest and most beautiful mountains of the area, witnessed snowy and long winters. During the cold days, all pupils, including myself, carried a couple of hot baked potatoes in our pockets and into the freezing classrooms. This way, we could keep ourselves warm in the morning and then have a delicious and ready-to-eat snack at noon. Modern heating has its advantages, but I have yet to find something that tastes as good and comforting as those potatoes did. What is the author's tone in this passage? A. Nostalgic B. Indignant C. Regretful D. Objective

D (By waiting until the month, week, or even day before a holiday, masses of people around the world easily become distracted from the true purpose for the holiday because they're incredibly stressed and trying to complete their shopping list in time. This is incorrect because the sentence helps transition from the topic sentence to the first idea about how to make shopping less complicated.)

The pressure of shopping for gifts can quickly turn the holidays we love from celebration to frustration. By waiting until the month, week, or even day before a holiday, masses of people around the world easily become distracted from the true purpose for the holiday because they're incredibly stressed and trying to complete their shopping list in time. If you often find yourself in this situation, you have a few options. First of all, you could cut out buying gifts completely. Sure, gifts are nice to receive and even better to give, but do we really need them to feel fulfilled? Most likely not. By forgoing the purchasing of presents, you allow both yourself and your family to focus on what is most important: the holiday and your reason for celebration. If you're not ready to totally eliminate gift-giving, you might try to simply minimize the number of gifts bought for each person. Instead of giving each person two or three gifts, choose one item that you know they would really want or need. Better yet, you could assign each member of the family another person to buy for, and then everyone only has one gift to worry about! Another tip that may be helpful no matter which route you choose is to shop in advance. Stores have sales constantly throughout the year. Keep your eye out for sale items that would make perfect gifts for your family. When you find one or two, purchase them, and then just save them for whichever holiday is coming up. Your future self will thank you for acting in advance. Don't allow shopping for presents to overwhelm you and distract you from enjoying each and every holiday with your family! Which of the following sentences from the paragraph above is a supporting detail? A. The pressure of shopping for gifts can quickly turn the holidays we love from celebration to frustration. B. By waiting until the month, week, or even day before a holiday, masses of people around the world easily become distracted from the true purpose for the holiday because they're incredibly stressed and trying to complete their shopping list in time. C. Don't allow shopping for presents to overwhelm you and distract you from enjoying each and every holiday with your family! D. Instead of giving each person two or three gifts, choose one item that you know they really want or need.

D

The professor ___ with students all day yesterday in preparation for the exam. Which of the following options completes the sentence above? A. will be meeting B. meets C. will meet D. had met

D

The professor and teaching assistant ___ a study session before the exam. Which of the following options completes the sentence above? A. has been holding B. is holding C. was holding D. are holding

B (Some parents have been forced to work from home because we were unable to find anywhere for their child to go is correct because it is in the first-person point of view, but the rest of the paragraph is in the third person point of view.)

There is a desperate need for more childcare providers in the area. Unfortunately, due to the recent pandemic, multiple local childcare facilities were forced to close their doors, leaving households lost and struggling to find care for their children during the workday. While the remaining childcare center in the area was able to make space for additional kids and staff members, it couldn't take everyone. Some parents have been forced to work from home because we were unable to find anywhere for their child to go. Juggling work and parenting simultaneously is an incredible feat to accomplish and is one that cannot be maintained by many. The addition of a new childcare center would provide a much-needed resource for the parents and families in the community. Which of the following sentences contains information that does not belong in the paragraph? A. The addition of a new childcare center would provide a much-needed resource for the parents and families in the community. B. Some parents have been forced to work from home because we were unable to find anywhere for their child to go. C. Juggling work and parenting simultaneously is an incredible feat to accomplish and is one that cannot be maintained by many. D. Unfortunately, due to the recent pandemic, multiple local childcare facilities were forced to close their doors, leaving households lost and struggling to find care for their children during the workday.

Nonfiction

These pieces are meant to entertain while staying true to the source material or history and are informative.

- Word choice/vocabulary - Content - Text complexity - Themes

Things to consider when writing

B (Before you even think about heading to the grocery store, plan out the meals you want to prepare. This is incorrect because this sentence works as a transition, moving to a new step in the meal prep process.)

To help save time throughout the busy work week, you can meal prep on the weekends. It might sound like a boatload of work upfront, but in the end, you're saving yourself time and stress that is invaluable. Before you even think about heading to the grocery store, plan out the meals you want to prepare. Organize a list of ingredients, and think about coordinating your meals in a way that they either utilize the same dish on multiple days or call for some of the same ingredients. This can lower some of the costs of groceries and the number of items needed. Once you have a well-thought-out meal schedule, take a journey to complete the shopping. Saturday or Sunday mornings would be the most ideal times, so you could be ready to start cooking on Sunday afternoon. Purchase an adequate amount of each item to ensure that your batches will survive throughout the entire week. After you've successfully purchased the ingredients, prepare and cook your meals in one sitting. An average meal prep afternoon should last two or three hours, maximum, unless one of your dishes requires a longer cook time. When it's finished cooking, store your food for serving during the rest of the week. You won't believe how much easier meal prepping makes eating during the week! Which of the following sentences from the paragraph above is a supporting detail? A. You won't believe how much easier meal prepping makes eating during the week! B. Purchase an adequate amount of each item to ensure that your batches will survive throughout the entire week. C. Before you even think about heading to the grocery store, plan out the meals you want to prepare. D. After you've successfully purchased the ingredients, prepare and cook your meals in one sitting.

- Topic: what the paragraph is about - Argument: what are you trying to prove Example: - The final exam schedule is unfair for many reasons. - The current weather is extreme, and will only get worse with climate change.

Topic sentences have two parts:

still needs to agree with the subject

When a phrase comes between the subject and verb, remember that the verb _________. Example: The student, as well as the committee members, is excited about the opportunity.

plural verb

When the subject has two or more (pro)nouns connected by the word "and," use a ___. Example: The students and professors walk every day.

B

Which of the following is a good first step when coming up with an idea for a group presentation? A. Interview sources for your presentation. B. Brainstorm interesting topics and ideas. C. Develop an organized outline of the topic. D. Cite the sources in your presentation.

C

Which of the following is a true statement about the revision process? A. Outlining is part of the revision process. B. Mind mapping is a part of the revision process. C. Editing and proofreading come after the revision process. D. Drafting the introduction and conclusion come after the revision process.

D

Which of the following sentences would be appropriate in a descriptive passage about a museum? A. The museum opened on 10 August 1793 with an exhibition of 537 paintings, but now contains more than 380,000 objects and displays 35,000 works of art. B. The Louvre's most famous painting is the Mona Lisa, a portrait by Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci that is considered a masterpiece of the Italian Renaissance. C. The Louvre is the world's most visited museum, averaging 15,000 visitors per day, 65 percent of whom are foreign tourists. D. The Louvre, the world's largest art museum, is located in the Louvre Palace, a vast complex of wings and pavilions that is superficially homogeneous in scale and architecture, but is the result of many phases of building, modification, destruction, and reconstruction.

B

Which of the following sentences would be appropriate in a descriptive passage about a royal? A. On 23 June 1503, a treaty was signed for the marriage between Henry Tudor and Catherine of Aragon, daughter of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, and they were betrothed two days later. B. During her visit to New Zealand, the stylish future queen could be seen sporting a new haircut and wearing an elegant beige dress and a green woolen coat by Kiwi designer Lara Schonenberger. C. The Princess, who got married to French entrepreneur Philippe Aubert two years ago, will welcome her second child in April. D. The British Monarchy, which can be traced back to the 11th century, has suffered only one interruption: its brief abolition from 1649 to 1660, following the execution of Charles I and the rules of Oliver Cromwell and his son, Richard.

B

Which of the following sentences would be appropriate in an informational passage about a hospital? A. Patients in developing countries do not always receive the benefits of modern medicine or hospital care, and they generally have a lower recovery rate. B. Many firsts were performed at Bellevue hospital in its early years: in 1799, it opened the first maternity ward in the United States; and in 1856, it started to popularize the use of the hypodermic syringe. C. Hospital food is usually bland and overcooked, but I promise you, the Houston Methodist Hospital serves the best chicken wings I have ever had. D. It was around noon when a car dropped an unconscious man in front of the emergency room and drove away.

D (The four stages of the four-stroke gasoline combustion engine cycle are induction, when fuel enters; compression; ignition, when fuel is burnt; and emission, when the exhaust gas is let out. This is incorrect because this sentence offers an explanation of the gasoline combustion engine cycle.)

Which of the following sentences would be appropriate in an informational passage about cars? A. The car was spacious and would have been comfortable if it had not been full of wrappers and empty bottles. B. In 1886, German inventor Karl Benz patented his Benz Patent-Motorwagen, the first automobile. C. After years of saving and frugal living, Martha was able to buy her dream car: a Maserati Quattroporte. D. The four stages of the four-stroke gasoline combustion engine cycle are induction, when the fuel enters; compression; ignition, when fuel is burnt; and emission, when the exhaust gas is let out.

A (The eggplant is a delicate, tropical perennial plant that yields dark purple or white fruits and enjoys temperate climates. This is incorrect because this sentence provides a description of the eggplant plant.)

Which of the following sentences would be appropriate in an informational passage about eggplants? A. Eggplants have been cultivated in southern and eastern Asia since prehistory, and the first known written record of the plant species is found in Qimin Yaoshu, an ancient Chinese agricultural treaty from 544 C.E. B. The eggplant is a delicate, tropical perennial plant that yields dark purple or white fruits and enjoys temperate climates. C. Ratatouille is a French dish of stewed vegetables, such as eggplant, zucchini, bell peppers, and tomatoes, and it is also the name of a beloved Disney character. D. The grandmother placed a hot dish of moussaka in front of me, and I didn't have the heart to tell her that I'm allergic to eggplants.

D (When you think of William Shakespeare, you picture a man with a receding hairline, heavy-lidded eyes, a thin mustache, and long, wavy hair. This is incorrect because this sentence offers a description of what we think William Shakespeare looked like, but it does not offer any objective data.)

Which of the following sentences would be appropriate in an informational text about William Shakespeare? A. My favorite play by the great William Shakespeare is Hamlet, with Macbeth coming a close second. B. The English (or Shakespearean) sonnet consists of fourteen lines structured as three quatrains, which have four lines each, and a couplet, which has two lines. C. When you think of William Shakespeare, you picture a man with a receding hairline, heavy-lidded eyes, a thin mustache, and long, wavy hair. D. William Shakespeare is widely regarded as England's most extraordinary writer, and his plays have been translated into many languages, including Klingon, Esperanto, and Interlingua.

A (The eastern coast of the United States is home to over 1,000 species of birds. This is incorrect because it would most likely act as a topic sentence. If you travel along the east coast, chances are that you'll spot several flying friends along the way. This is incorrect because it would best serve to introduce the topic.)

Which of the following sentences would most likely act as a supporting detail? A. The most common type of bird seen in this area is the Red-Bellied Woodpecker. B. Not only do people come to watch the birds, but they also photograph the birds they see. C. If you travel along the east coast, chances are that you'll spot several flying friends along the way. D. The eastern coast of the United States is home to over 1,000 species of birds.

C

Which of the following situations requires the inclusion of a citation? A. The author is stating an opinion about a topic. B. The author is describing a dream they had. C. The author is quoting another author's opinion about a topic. D. The author is describing what happened on a trip they took to China.

D

Which of the following steps in the writing process comes before writing? A. Brainstorming B. Citing sources C. Revising D. Drafting

A (Knowing they can harm themselves or others, race car drivers go through specialized training that lasts approximately sixteen weeks and can be extended if a driver needs more review before hitting the track. This is incorrect because the sentence gives specific insights into the training that drivers participate in, which would make it a supporting detail.)

Which of the following would most likely act as a concluding sentence? A. As you can see, racing requires several months of training and practice before you can compete. B. Many people think of race car driving just like driving down the street, but it isn't that simple. C. During a race, drivers travel at extremely high speeds, and they must learn to make smart, responsible choices on the track. D. Knowing that they can harm themselves or others, race car drivers go through specialized training that lasts approximately sixteen weeks and can be extended if a driver needs more review before hitting the track.

C (According to the Center for Disease Control, drinking and driving kills thousands of people every year. This is incorrect because it gives specific information regarding the main idea, which would ideally make it a supporting detail.)

Which of the following would most likely act as a topic sentence? A. According to the Center for Disease Control, drinking and driving kills thousands of people every year B. Contrary to popular belief, it only takes a few drinks to become impaired by alcohol. C. While many people view drinking as a fun pastime, it can be incredibly dangerous. D. In every state, drinking and driving is illegal.

- Brainstorming: thinking about our writing - Outlining/Planning: creating a plan - Drafting/Writing: putting words on the page - Revising/Proofreading: changing or improving the content of our writing - Citing sources: giving credit to outside sources - Publishing: submitting our writing

Writing process includes

D

___ want to do well on tomorrow's practical exam. Which of the following options completes the sentence above? A. James or the rest of the class B. The rest of the class or James C. The rest of the class and James D. James and the rest of the class

Encyclopedia

a book or set of books giving information on many subjects or on many aspects of one subject and typically arranged alphabetically.

Indignant

angered at something unjust or wrong

disgruntled

angry or dissatisfied

Examples transition words

like, including, in other words, for example

Parts of paragraph

topic sentence, supporting sentences, transition sentence, concluding sentence

Jovial

cheerful and friendly (yay, yay, happy)

Satirical

critical or mocking

Style

is the way a piece is written, in this case for a specific purpose: manual/guides, information texts, personal/entertainment texts

infamous

having a reputation of the worst kind, vicious, notoriously bad

Location transition words

here, there, wherever, adjacent to

Optimistic

hopeful and confident about the future

An audience

is a group of readers who read a piece of writing

Science fiction

revolve around a scientific advancement in the future.

Biographies

stories of a person's life written by someone else

Autobiographies

story of a person's life written by that person

subject-verb agreement

subject stays the same; verb must be singular or plural to match the subject For example: - Alison is happy with her test score. - The students are happy with their test scores.

nuances

subtle differences or distinctions in expression, meaning, or response

sentimental

tenderness, sadness, or nostalgia

register

the degree of formality in a speech or text

ambiguous

unclear or doubtful in meaning

A fragment sentence

- Does not express a complete thought. - Is missing either the subject or the verb. Example: - Abandoned for many years. (This sentence has no subject. It is impossible to know who or what has been abandoned.)

Informal language

- First-person point of view (I, you). - Slang and colloquialisms (everyday or ordinary speech). - Example: text message

A complete sentence

- Must have a subject and a predicate. - A predicate must contain a verb that tells what the subject is like or is doing. - Also expresses a complete thought. Example: - The house stood abandoned for many years. - Get lost! (The subject "you" is understood here. The verb is "get." The sentence complete idea - for you to go away.)

Formal language

- Third-person point of view. - Longer sentences, serious and neutral. - Acronyms and jargon are often used without explanation (CEO, B2B, NSF).

A run-on sentence

- a sentence runs on for too long. - has extra parts that are not joined correctly because of either the lack of conjunction (as, but) or missing punctuation. => can be fixed by using transition words, which is another important element for grammar. Example: - The house stood abandoned for many years no one lived in it. => The house stood abandoned for many years, and no one lived in it. => The house stood abandoned for many years. No one lived in it.

Precision

- choose precise words and phrases rather than vague or ambiguous ones. - use language that is descriptive and unambiguous Example: We had a fantastic time at the county fair; there were games and other stuff we liked. => We had a fantastic time at the county fair; there were pig races, pie contests, and many games.

Textbook entry

- presenting factual information about a topic - generally provides background about a specific time period in history, informing readers about the events

Scholarly article

- reviewing or sharing the findings of some research - discusses scientific research and its findings, in order to support a specific thesis

Modifiers

- words or phrases that change the meanings of or add details to other words or phrases in a sentence - can be descriptive words such as adjectives and adverbs. For example: Jenna often took diligent notes in class.

Memoirs

A kind of writing that tells someone's memories; usually written later in life; a type of autobiography, and often are much emotional and reflective.

Realistic fiction

A story using made-up characters that could happen in real life.

tone

A writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization on the sentence and global levels.

A (Loads of Americans want to have access to better healthcare, but the filthy rich don't want to pay taxes to finance it. => This is incorrect because it does not fit with the formal tone of the passage. The phrase, "filthy rich," is informal.)

Additional concerns include the prevalence of hearing loss, which takes a substantial toll on the quality of life. Some hope that Medicare will begin to cover the high cost of hearing aids. About 42% of Medicare beneficiaries are enrolled in Medicare Advantage, or Part C plans. Influencing elements of the proposed bill, this option consists of mostly private insurance and offers supplemental vision, dental, and hearing coverage. Even the ambitious proposed expansion still fails to address the need for long-term care including personal care aids, management, or transportation. 75% of funding for Medicare Part B comes from taxpayers. Improving benefits will increase costs in the form of premiums and/or taxpayer burden. Which of the following sentences uses ideas and language that fit the passage? A. As many Americans implore Congress to enact healthcare reform, the question that remains is how to do so such that everyone wins and no one gets left behind. B. South Korea is the country with the best healthcare system, followed by Taiwan and Denmark. C. A study of 634 nurses illustrated high levels of work stress in 47 percent of the respondents, with 22 percent claiming work-related emotional distress. D. Loads of Americans want to have access to better healthcare, but the filthy rich don't want to pay taxes to finance it.

Noun

Adjective modifies Example: The young male patient was exhibiting signs of heat exhaustion.

Personal journal entries

Are often written for the writer to reflect on. These entries are summarizing that day or recounting that day's events. They often include: - A date for each entry - Sometimes a greeting like, "Dear Diary" - A tone that is not meant for general public

Literature/Fiction

Creative writing and not 100% truthful, these works are usually designed for our entertainment. Are what we would normally read in a novel or a short story. They typically include characters, plot (story), theme, setting (where and when), and description.

D

Erin sat in the airport coffee shop solemnly sipping earl grey tea. She took a moment to double-check her boarding pass — outbound from Philly, inbound to Dallas. The wedding had been worth the trip, of course, but Erin was dejected to return home where her only friends were from work. She was reminiscing about the past weekend when a woman asked her to sit down. Erin nodded, offering a fleeting, polite smile. They made some small talk; the acquaintance, Jenny, was flying home to Dallas too. Jenny had grown up there, but most of her good friends had relocated after school. The two exchanged pleasantries before parting ways. A half hour later, Erin had found her seat at 26B, and was waiting for take-off. She heard her name and looked up, confused. There was Jenny, standing in the aisle, grinning and displaying her ticket — '26A.' Erin returned an enthusiastic smile. Which of the following is likely the genre of the passage? A. Autobiography B. Science fiction C. Romance D. Fictional story

Successful business executives make their clients feel comfortable.

How to revise gender bias for the below sentence? A successful businessman makes his clients feel comfortable.

B

I witnessed yesterday, an accident on the road. Which of the following is misplaced in the sentence above? A. I witnessed B. yesterday C. an accident D. on the road

- which were helpfully color-coordinated; for study. To identify modifiers, we can determine the main elements of the sentence such as subject or verb first: The flashcards are essential.

Identify the modifier: - The flashcards, which were helpfully color-coordinated, are essential for the study.

1. which was blue and sporty. 2. carefully; final 3. cumulative; for organic chemistry; which featured multiple choice, essay, and open-response questions. (modify for "test")

Identify the modifier: 1. The car, which was blue and sporty, immediately caught Patrice's eye. 2. Mohammed carefully proofread his final paper. 3. The cumulative test for organic chemistry, which featured multiple choice, essay, and open-response questions, had often scared and intimidated students.

C

Laura was stuck in traffic. Laura was on her way to a concert. Laura thought she would miss the concert. Which of the following options uses correct grammar to combine the sentences above for clarity? A. Because Laura was on her way to a concert, she was stuck in traffic and thought she would miss the concert. B. Laura was on her way to a concert and she thought she would miss the concert. Laura was stuck in traffic. C. Laura was on her way to a concert, but because she was stuck in traffic, she thought she would miss the concert. D. Laura thought she would miss the concert because she was on her way to the concert, but was stuck in traffic.

C

In neurosurgical brain injury management, dehydration is a common goal. But, the target levels of dehydration in such protocols remain unclear. The Lund protocol recommendation of neutral to moderately negative fluid balance has at times been associated with reduced mortality. Otherwise, there does not appear to be any strong empirical evidence to support inducing dehydration to decrease cerebral edema or other complications from severe traumatic brain injury. Researchers urge trauma centers to focus on TBI patient fluid balance at neutral, as higher fluid balance has its own risks, such as leaky capillaries leading to pulmonary edema. Treatment should also include fluid replacement after mannitol and vasopressor therapy. Which of the following is likely the genre of the passage? A. Memoir B. Play C. Scholarly article D. Fantasy

D

It's touching to be surrounded by so many loved ones of the bride and groom. I know they're overwhelmed with gratitude that you came out today to support the couple and show how happy you are for them. Remember that today is just the first day of a lifelong bond. I hope everyone commits to being there for Shawn and Sam as they have both been there for each of you. Because of life's natural hills and valleys, all marriages have their ups and downs too. I trust that during the inevitable challenges down the road, we will come together to encourage Shawn and Sam, helping them grow as individuals and strengthen their love. Which of the following sentences uses ideas and language that fit the passage? A. According to Becker (1977), the study of marriage markets relies on a fundamental idea: Marriage generates a surplus since, when married, two individuals can both attain a higher level of well-being than they would as singles. B. Shotgun weddings don't usually bring a lot of happiness, but I know you guys will be different. C. Hey, Shawn, don't forget to delete your dating app account before your girlfriend finds out! D. And just like today, the couple's friends and family will continue to join them in celebrating their milestones and their most joyful moments.

Opposition transition words

but, although, then again, in contrast, conversely

A

Mark was spending a quiet day with the lake, the kayak and some new lures. When hours passed with no bites, he kept casting and reeling. He listened to waves lapping against the boat. He tried every bait: smelly, rubbery ones, elegant spinners, ones with metal balls rattling inside, and bright, opalescent ones. He baked in the sun for five hours, casting over and over, then had a thought. He reeled in the line, and removed the fancy bait. He dug towards the bottom of the tackle box. His dad's old lure was at least thirty years old — a vaguely fish-shaped chunk of yellow plastic with rusty hooks. He tied it on and cast. As soon as that old lure struck the water, something big bit. Beaming, Mark wrestled a catfish onto the kayak, flopping and splashing. He measured 23 inches, then turned it loose. Watching it slip back into the water was worth every frustrating moment. Which genre best aligns with the passage? A. Realistic fiction B. Autobiography C. Textbook entry D. Science fiction

Group, team, committee, family, class Example: The group meets once per week.

Nouns that imply more than one person and take singular verbs: ___

Informative/Academic

Purely informative or educationally-based, not designed for pure entertainment and would be most similar to what you would read in a science, math, or history-based class.

B

Read the following brief passage and answer the question. I am asking each department supervisor to identify the advantages of reconfiguring our internal accounting system. Indicate to me by next Friday if you feel this change would improve the DPD program. Which of the following genres of writing does the passage represent? A. Literary B. Professional C. Scientific D. Colloquial

C

Read the following passage and answer the question. The thesis of this paper will on the development of an experiment designed to detect flaws in how a golf ball is hit. Sometimes it can be hit perfectly, but sometimes it can be a bust. Based on the language in the passage, which of the following scenarios is correct? A. The writer is a professional in a business environment. B. The writer is a researcher writing for a scientific journal. C. The writer is a student writing a first draft of a paper. D. The writer is an author of literature.

D

Read the following passage and answer the question. When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old manservant-a combined gardener and cook-had seen in at least ten years. Based on the language in the passage, which of the following scenarios is correct? A. The writer is a professional in a business environment. B. The writer is a researcher writing for a scientific journal. C. The writer is a student writing a first draft of a paper. D. The writer is an author of literature.

D (Not "B. Horror fiction" because the passage does not focus on details intended to scare the reader.)

That was how it felt when Jack gazed up from the shadowy forest floor at the full splash of the Milky way, dripping down between treetops. He didn't know the stars could be this luminous or the sky this velvety black. But if it was just Oregon or just one region suddenly without electricity, cell service, and functioning gas pumps, then where was the National Guard, coming with their military vehicles to save the day? Jack had been making his way along I-5, far enough from the road to evade lawless travelers, but still close enough to hear traffic. There was none. There was only mist, moss, green glow, the fragrance of Douglas firs, scampering wildlife, and wandering thoughts. During these solitary days in the woods, navigating and telling time by the sun, Jack had never felt more alive or free. Which of the following is likely the genre of the passage? A. Self-help manual B. Horror fiction C. Biography D. Fictional description

B

The American Psychological Association includes opioid use disorder in the DSM-V. The American Society of Addiction Medicine considers it "a brain disorder that can range in severity from mild to severe." Those suffering from addiction "use substances or engage in behaviors that become compulsive and often continue despite harmful consequences." Opioid use disorder is a complex and variable problem that warrants complex and individualized solutions. "Biological, psychological, and social" factors impact "the development of, and recovery from" addiction. Opioid use disorder constitutes a fast-growing mental health crisis. Which of the following sentences uses ideas and language that fit the passage? A. The American Psychological Association (APA) is a scientific and professional organization that represents psychology in the United States of America and has over 122,000 members. B. Psychiatric clinicians, including nurse practitioners, should expect and prepare for continuing increases in patients or clients suffering from opioid use disorder. C. It's dangerous to quit cold turkey, and you'd better look for a professional to lend a hand. D. Impediments to therapy include lack of insurance coverage for treatment, difficulty finding a provider, and patients' unwillingness to begin therapy.

D

The committee for social justice ___ at the student union on Tuesday. Which of the following options completes the sentence above? A. have met B. has met C. are meeting D. is meeting

A (Personal journal entry is incorrect. This is because the passage is not dated, nor does the author speak in a way that shows that he or she is having a conversation with themselves.) (Autobiography is correct because the author is recalling his or her own experience and sharing it with readers in detail.)

The night before the first day of school, I had finished arranging the house I was sharing with friends. Dinner didn't sit well. Exhausted, I went to bed early but couldn't sleep. The stomach knot became a stabbing pain. Extra-strength Tylenol was no help. I was sweating profusely in my air-conditioned room. Two more hours dragged by. Reluctant to wake my roommates, I drove eight miles to the hospital at 2am. Staff suspected appendicitis and offered me something for pain, but I insisted that I wanted to drive myself to class tomorrow morning. The nurses rolled their eyes, injected something that made me freezing cold, and soon a CAT-scan proved them right. Twelve hours, many phone calls home, and one surgery later, I was emailing professors to assure them I had a legitimate reason to miss the whole first week of class. Which genre best aligns with the passage? A. Autobiography B. Book review C. Horror fiction D. Personal journal entry

The audience and purpose

What does impact the diction?

Find the verb first, then ask who or what before the verb

What should be found first when you need to determine the subject and verb of a sentence?

singular verb

When two or more singular (pro)nouns are connected with "or" or "nor," use a ___. Example: The student or professor approves the proposal.

closest to the verb

When two or more subjects (both singular and plural) are connected with "or/nor," the verb should agree with the subject ___. Example: - The student or the committee members write every day. - The committee member or the student writes every day.

A

Which of the following examples is a complete sentence? A. Let me know. B. On the subject of philosophy. C. Depending on the type of books you like. D. Where there are lots of people.

B E

Which of the following sentences have correct subject-verb agreement? (Select all that apply.) A. The family always rent a large van for vacation. B. Every one of the passengers has to wait until the bus is functioning properly. C. The group of senior citizens were escorted into the restaurant. D. When we arrived at the petting zoo, each of the children ask to pet the goat. E. He and I take turns driving during our road trips.

D

Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct? A. I spoke with the store manager to resolve the issue frustrated. B. I spoke with the store manager frustrated to resolve the issue. C. To resolve the frustrated issue, I spoke with the store manager. D. Frustrated, I spoke with the store manager to resolve the issue.

D

Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct? A. Kevin lied to his family unbelievable. B. Kevin told a lie to his family that was unbelievable. C. Unbelievable, Kevin told a lie to his family. D. The lie Kevin told his family was unbelievable.

D

Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct? A. My friend showed up for dinner engulfed in mud. B. Engulfed in mud, dinner included my friend who showed up. C. Showing up for dinner, my friend engulfed in mud. D. For dinner, my friend showed up engulfed in mud.

D

Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct? A. On the sunny day, riding her bike to work, putting on the helmet. B. Janet rode her bike to work putting on her helmet. C. Putting on her helmet, Janet rode the sunny day on her bike. D. Putting on her helmet, Janet rode her bike to work on the sunny day.

D

Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct? A. Red and sleeveless, the store allowed Yazmin to purchase the t-shirt. B. Yazmin bought a t-shirt at the store that was red and sleeveless. C. Red and sleeveless, Yazmin bought a t-shirt at the store. D. Yazmin bought a red sleeveless t-shirt at the store.

A

Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct? A. Trying to make things right, Joe apologized to his cousins. B. Joe apologized to his cousins trying to make things right. C. Joe apologized to his cousins for acting out trying to make things right. D. Trying to make things right, Joe apologized to his cousins acting out.

A

Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct? A. When I opened the trash can, an opossum jumped out, scaring me half to death. B. Scaring me half to death, the trash can opened and an opossum jumped out. C. Scaring me half to death, when I opened the trash can, an opossum jumped out. D. An opossum jumped out of the trash can, scaring me half to death.

A

Which of the following sentences uses formal language? A. The guests had wonderful time at the party. B. The guests said the party was awesome! C. The partygoers wanted to hang out all night. D. The partiers were up for something more.

C

You're in a difficult class, and you've fallen behind. You're intimidated by the instructor, who is at times difficult to approach. She has assigned a research paper, which you're nervous about. You decide to request an appointment to discuss it with her. Given the above scenario, what type of language should the student use? A. Text message starting with "Hey professor!" B. Email message starting with "It's me, the one who's way behind." C. Email message starting with "Dear Professor." D. Email after forgetting about the appointment starting with "Hey professor, I can't believe I missed the appointment."

Conclusion transition words

after all, in short, altogether, ultimately

Addition transition words

also, likewise, in addition, similarly, for example, furthermore, another, and, first, second, moreover, by the same token, so too, similarly

Chronology transition words

before, after, in the meantime, suddenly Example: We waited for hours, and suddenly, we heard an owl hooting in the distance.

Cause transition words

if, unless, in order to, in the event that, because

colloquial

informal and more suitable for use in speech than in writing

Romance

involves a focus on a relationship or love between two people

Misplaced modifier

is a modifier that is too far away from the element it is modifying and, as a result, appears to be modifying something else. For example: - The professor handed the exam to the student that was multiple choice. => The professor handed the student the multiple-choice exam. - Tired of all the nights studying, delight overcame by Isabel when the test came back with a perfect score. => Tired of all the nights studying, Isabel was delighted when the test came back with a perfect score.

Dangling modifiers

is when the modifier is either attached to the wrong subject or the subject that is being modified is missing. Example: Henry was upset with Ben when he returned his damaged book without much thought. => Henry was upset with Ben for his nonchalant nature when he returned the damaged book. Fumbling in her backpack, the textbook could not be found. => Fumbling in her backpack, she could not find her textbook.

synthetic

man-made

Effect transition words

therefore, consequently, accordingly, as a result Example: The beach was mostly rocks instead of sand, and consequently, we decided to leave.

Fictional description

vivid imagery is being used to describe a person or an event that did not really happen

renowned

well-known, famous, celebrated

Story

will include a conflict and plot actions.

Diction

word choice

Descriptions

would simply just be a rundown of the characters and the setting.