technology
others
*robots +工作时间长效率高;危险工作(清理放射性废料);完成人类不可能任务(纳米机器人进病人身体做手术); achieve high efficiency and quality;programmed machined;cleaning up radioactive waste; nano-robot,perform surgery,precisely; -失业;昂贵;自行决定独立行事征服人类 less or no manpower is needed,out of their current job;maintenance costs extra money;develop the ability to make decisions and act on their own,capacity to harm or even conquer human society; =节省人力成本减少安全隐患;长期还是省钱;仍被人操作监视 safe hazards;is a less expensive way to run a business;operated and supervised
modern technology on food industry
+ 1 选择多the application of food production and transport has greatly increased the variety of food available in supermarkets 2 转基因畜肉高蛋白低脂肪,罐头食物使生活更简单modify the genetic makeup of livestock to produce meat that is rich in protein but low in fat,packaged food such as canned and bottled food makes life easier 3 工业化生产减少生产商成本industrialized food production reduces the costs for food manufacturers -environmental damage and health concerns 1 提高产量用化肥杀虫剂污染土和水to increase crop yields,farmers often grow crop plants with the help of fertilizers and pesticides,which pollute soil and water 2 运输transport->increase carbon emissions 3 转基因及垃圾食物的健康隐忧health concerns also raised about genetically-modified food and junk food = 简单健康生活方式,食品业更环保健康contribute to a simper and more pleasant lifestyle,make the food industry more eco-friendly and health-conscious
transport food by air
+ give consumers a wide variety of food choices increase international trade - involves high transport costs,consume more fuel cause an increase in carbon emission,which worsens global climate change = keep air transport of food to an economically and environmentally reasonable scale
genetically-modified foods
+ 产量boost crop yields,ensure a sufficient supply for the booming population 味道营养produce better-tasting and more nutritious foods 抗虫属性produce more pest-resistant crops,can satisfy the needs of consumers who are worried about the potential health hazards pf crop plants treated with pesticides -基因转移the modified gens may be transferred to other species,including humans,cause unpredictable side effects 生态破坏may even bring devastating consequence to the local ecological system =the government should place strict regulations on genetically-modified foods to prevent the potential sides effects on consumers' health and environment
cheap air travel
+ 能负担,更多人能乘坐；省钱省时间促进旅游业；担心不舒服并没有；有人说消耗更多能源产生更多污染,但研究表明并没有比汽车更耗能源因装的人多 affordability--airline tickets are cost even less than the tax. contribute to the growth of tourism--compared with a journey by train or by coach,save a great deal of time->have more time and energy to enjoy the attractions A recent research of FAA shows that a car journey is no more fuel-efficient or environmental-friendly than a flight in terms of the amount of fuel consumed or pollution produced per passenger per kilometer travelled
machine translation
+can be used to convey general messages,the accuracy rate of machine translation has been improving - lack the trust and friendliness that can be built with direct interactions littler foriegn language proficiency learning foriegn language expand our worldview and provide us with insight into other cultures,increase job opportunities
space research
+satisfy people's curiosity a wide range of inventions and innovations ,such as artificial pacemaker,water filter,were either direct or indirect results of space research satellite-based service,weather satellites->make more accurate weather forecasts,GPS->travel more safely and communicate more convenient help people to explore outer space to find new resources (natural resources on Earth are being depleted at an unsustainable rate - too much investment the results of space exploration are more unpredictable than those of educational,healthcare and social service programs produce space junk involves high risk,An enormous sum of money may invest into space in vain space travel: increase human knowledge about outer-space objects,such as stars,planets,asteroids,and about our own planet——Earth. it appeals to the public interest in adventurous travel space travel industry can create k\jobs for scientists and engineers,contribute to economy growth measures-make commercial space more affordable by developing technology (the cheapest tickets are priced at 95,000 us dollars each),more fuel-efficient and less polluting launch systems. space launches->damage to the ozone layer space collisions,spacewalk,adventurous spirit,experience weightlessness
communication technology and transport
+就业can provide people with a wide range of career options 多样化enable people to experience and enjoy a variety of cultures and lifestyles - 适应困难may have difficulty in adapting to a new way of life 家庭疏离the increasing individual mobility and self-reliance may make many family members feel distant and alienated from each other
mobile phone
+联系help us to stay in touch of our family members and friends who live far away 娱乐taking photos and gaming with mobile phones have become an important source of entertainment for many people -损害健康heavy mobile phone use may cause health problems such as memory loss and sleep disturbance ,some medical experts argue that mobile phone radiation may cause cancer 分散注意力may distract students from listening to lectures and make drivers inattentive 诈骗mobile phone fraud,text message scams
leisure and technology
- 被动娱乐an important trend in leisure activities is the sharp rise in passive entertainment(watch films on line,listen music by MP3 player or smartphone are neither active nor interactive entertainment. 减少交流reduce communication between ~ +视频provide us with many opportunities to entertain ourselves,many internet users use their mobile phones or video cameras to create video clips and upload them to video-sharing websites 音乐build home-recording studios to entertain themselves and share music with other people 传统some traditional active entertainments still have many participants ,such as dance and sports
life was better when technology was simple
NO: although modern technology is often blamed for stress and alienation,i doubt that many people would want to turn back the clock to the pre-technological age 以前没选择the simplicity was due to a lack of choices.(1交通air travel was beyond the reach of most people.2见识our knowledge of the world around us,especially foreign countries,was sketchy before television brought us vivid images of documentaries. 3 廉价人力 modern technology has brought liberation from the exhausting and boring labour and has set us free to enjoy more interesting work and leisure） 现在不复杂it is not even always true that modern technology is more complex to use than it was to perform household chores.(caring for a horse&car,one has only to read novels from past times to realise the anxiety and frustration that resulted from limited transport system) what makes some people yearn for the good old simple days is that the speed of modern technology force us to speed up our pace of life. this change can be resisted when we set simple priorities and stick to them.
help elderly people to use mobile phone
benefits: can provide them with access to a wealth of useful information,such as information about shopping,childcare and medical service get help in case of medical emergency ways: 培训community centers and public libraries should provide them with training courses on how to use Internet and mobile phones 老年机manufacture mobile phones that are specifically designed for elderly users,such as mobile phones with large buttons and simple menu options remote areas: they are not well-informed about the process of communication technology many remote areas still do not have access to the Internet and mobile phone coverage
technology and relationship
change: 地理位置不再是障碍;视频会议远程教育;移动电话服务即时信息软件 geographical distance is no longer a barrier to building relationships with people far away;video-conferencing technology,distance-education;instant messaging software(google talk,skype) positive or negative: 效率减成本;交朋友选择多,社交网站分享兴趣交换观点; communication over distance;a much wider variety of choices in developing relationship; 减少面对面,孤独隔离即使虚拟世界关系多;网络诈骗; internet fraud,easier for criminals to trick their victims online with lies and counterfeit goods; =重视真实生活里的关系，网络交际真诚诚实；
other sentences and words
electronic means/forms of communication and entertainment people's mobility and independence ,at an alarming rate ,
work from home
for employees: 灵活 provide employees with more flexible work arrangements 减压reduce employees' stress and improve their overall health and fitness 工作家庭平衡achieve work-life balance for employers: 成本reduce the need for office space and utility costs 扩招give employers access to a large labour pool if managed efficiently,telecommuting can also offer significant benefits to employers
science and technique developing
has been driven by technology and scientific breakthroughs(discoveries,inventions,innovations) 科研conduct scientific research,perform scientific experiments,advance scientific knowledge,apply/adopt new technologies 生产printing press,assembly/production lines,mass-produced,mechanical/digital automation 粮食increase crop yield/raise agricultural productivity——factory farming,agricultural/farming machinery increase food supply，and reduce hunger,keep food price stable,prevent food shortages,improve food quality 越来越便捷the increasing ease and speed of(travel,international exchange and interaction)开放the increasing openness of( borders)变化the changing rules of(international competition)
positive effects overweigh negative effects?:
more work is done by machines 1)-industrial,agricultural,office and home automation may consume more energy mechanical automation,particularly assembly-line manufacturing,is likely to cause more pollution 2)+can reduce produce cost machines are more efficient,accurate and reliable in repetitive operations than human workers machines can be used to perform dangerous tasks that are likely to put human works at risk 3)=with the developing of enviromemtal technoloy,the negative effects that caused by automation will continue to reduce technology process benefits:more productive/more entertainment/better medical facilities adversites: environmental pollutions/become increasingly alienated from each other
basic science
reason: public ignorance/perception;不可预估价值,无短期经济潜力,理论发展而非产品设计实际应用;发展投入时间精力不确定能否达到预期结果;科学家不满工作条件收入换工作,大众更晦涩难懂; unpredictable value;applied technology can produce immediate benefits&does not have short-term financial potential;this makes their work even more obscure to the public; solution: 意识;政府优先该领域发展才能得钱和大众支持;私人公司应被鼓励支助,为利益及整个发展;研究结果应广泛出版,科学事实科学展示should be made available to more children and adults by schools and museums fulfill its responsibilities for raising public awareness of;financially support =值得关注支持;政策制定者媒体学校共同; deserve;policy-makers,the media and school should join hands to;
politicians and scientists,who have greater influence?
scientists--solve many misteries and satisfy human curiosity about the world,universe and ourselves,have led to many technological innovations that have transformed our lives. physicists and chemicists help us to discover truths about substance and how they interact with each other environmentalists find new sources of energy and use energy more efficiently the progress of medical science bring more effective medicine and medical equipment which have enhanced our health and prolonged our lives food scientists' discoveries have result in a wide variety of food choices available to us politicians--infuence public policies and decision-making processes formulate policies for economic and social development ensure reasonable and sustainable budgets for education,healthcare,pension funds,environmental protection and national defence. fight against all forms of discrimination and promote citizens' civil rights and freedom facilitate international exchange and free trade,build a co-operative world order sicientists provide us with scientific knowledge and methods to improve our lives politicians ensure the wide range of resourses created by science and technology can be distributed more fairly between countries and between different individuals
long-distance flight
the means of transport for tourism and business trips 1)the most efficient means of long-distance travel,the average speed of a jet airliner is about 15 times that of a car some areas are still not accessible by road or by a car pose less health risk to travelers than car ride or train ride does 2)although an airplane uses more fuel and create more pollution than a car that travels the same distance does,the total environmental damage caused by cars far exceeds the counterpart by flights reducing car use can contribute more significantly to environmental protection than discouraging non-essential flights 3)cleaner,more environmental-friendly fuels public transport systems such as sky train and underground train systems
scientists cannot find effective solutions to many problems
科技来解决： 环境污染air,water,soil polution casused by the development of industry and transport--cleaner fuels,more eco-friendly vehicles and manufacturing process 食品安全food safey issues that are associated with chemical toxins--non-toxic ingredients and safe production processes 太空垃圾space explore->space junk/debris--space junk collection or removal over-reliance on sicence and technology: 生活方式the process of automation and telecommunication technology->the increasingly sedentary lifestyle and the shape rise in the rate of disease and obesity 娱乐方式many people's addiction to electronic entertainment->the decline of traditonal entertainment such as live concerts and opera 沟通减少excessive TV viewing->is likely to result in less communication between family members schools,the media and the government should work together to raise health awareness,protect cultural traditions and promote strong family values
change our lives
自由独立increase people's mobility and independence 物质繁荣material prosperity（buying/purchasing power,can buy 。。at more affordable price，have a wide range of shopping options) 生活方式has transformed the way people think,work and play(communicate and interact with each other) ——e.g.shop online（e-commence/mobile-commence).easy and efficient,lower prices,be available at discount prices; social networking websites(video sharing website/online community), +share interests,ideas,activities，allow people with shared interests to build relationships and communicate openly。-spending an increasing amount of time in a virtual world,lack a face-to-face communication,cause social isolation portable media players,computer-generated special effects 远程distance learning/educational programmes(be delivered over the internet or via television ，a supplementary learning and teaching resource) +can adjust the pace of a course to their needs,better suits students' individual needs and learning styles,make both learning and teaching more effective work from home(telecommuting)+save on transport costs and commuting time,offer greater freedom(a higher degree of employee autonomy,flexible work schedules),result in more innovation ideas,higher employee moral,productive,expand the labour pool for businesses 通讯electronic means of communication/entertainment （email,SMS,MSM,instant messaging,video games ,television,Internet) +get help in case of emergency -unwanted distraction,cause health problems(memory loss,sleep disturbances