test #1 (2nd semester)

Warren G. Harding, the Republican candidate, won the 1920 presidential election. What was the basis of his campaign?

"A Return to Normalcy."

What did Social Darwinists believe?

"survival of the fittest"—the idea that certain people become powerful in society because they are innately better.

What did the 1880 census show for the first time?

A majority of Americans engaged in non farming jobs.

The idea of the melting pot -

A place in which various nationalities, races, or ethnic groups live together and gradually blend into one communit

The term "exodus" in regard to the Kansas Exodus was derived from what?

An Old testament story in the bible (or The biblical account of the Jews escaping slavery in Egypt)

Why was Eugene Debs convicted in 1918?

Delivering an antiwar speech

Who wrote a novel that promoted socialist ideas under the term of nationalism?

Edward Bellamy

"Birds of passage" were

European immigrants who came to the United States in the 19th and 20th centuries with the intent to return to their homelands after a few years. (?)

What did the Ford Motor Company do to immigrant employees who did not Americanize after a certain amount of time?

Ford management fired these employees

Why did Samuel Gompers seek to forge closer ties with forward-looking corporate leaders?

He wanted to stabilize employer-employee relations.

In what way was William Howard Taft a Progressive president?

His reforms addressed the progressive goals of democracy, social welfare, and economic reform.

Who was Frederick Jackson Turner?

Historian

Why did World War I threaten to tear the women's suffrage movement apart?

Many suffragists had been associated with opposition to American involvement in the war.

Which of the following properly assesses the significance of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?

The railroad strike signaled the nation's shift from southern reconstruction to the question of labor and class tensions.

What term best describes the status of blacks brought about by a segregated South?

Subservient

U.S. interest in Alaska originated in a desire for

Territory

After the Civil War, political parties were closely divided. What geographical area did the Democrats dominate?

The South

Why did Carlos Montezuma call for the abolition of the Bureau of Indian Affairs in 1916?

The bureau had failed to secure Indian self-determination.

What was one result of the massacre at Wounded Knee?

The government eventually awarded the soldiers the Medal of Honor.

How were the Populists forward-thinking?

They embraced new technologies, such as the telegraph

What was the difference between skilled and semiskilled workers during the Gilded Age?

They hoped to escape the chaos of market forces by fixing prices with their competitors.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the experiences of many semiskilled industrial workers in American factories during the Gilded Age?

Working and living conditions remained dangerous.

The Ludlow Massacre

Violence during a coal strike in Ludlow, Colorado, in 1914 in which at least 30 people, including 11 children, were killed

"New immigrants" -

Wave of newcomers from southern and eastern Europe, including many Jews, who became a majority among immigrants to America after 1890.

What Progressive-era issue became a crossroads where the paths of labor radicals, cultural modernists, and feminists intersected?

birth control

Part of the justification offered for the idea of the "liberty of contract" was that, as long as labor relations were based on contracts freely written by the independent individuals, the government lacked the right to interfere. Which of the following socioeconomic groups most tended to embrace this idea?

business and professional classes

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 -

law that suspended Chinese immigration into America. The ban was supposed to last 10 years, but it was expanded several times and was essentially in effect until WWII. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was the first significant law that restricted immigration into the United States of an ethnic working group. Extreme example of nativism of period

By 1880, Chinese immigrants to the West

lived in California (?)

Most new immigrants who arrived during the early years of the twentieth century

lived in close-knit communities

During the Progressive era,

many churches and religious organizations began efforts to improve society

William Cody, popularly known as "Buffalo Bill,"

popularized the image of the West as being both wild and romantic with his "Wild West" shows

To create national parks such as Yellowstone, Yosemite, and Glacier, the federal government

removed Indians who hunted and fished on these lands.

What did the term "white man's burden" mean?

the idea that Europeans have a duty/responsibility to help uncivilized nations.

When American troops finally arrived in Europe,

they helped push back a German offensive near Paris.

One significant economic impact of the second industrial revolution was

frequent and prolonged economic depressions

Eugenics aimed to

improve the genetic quality of the human population through selective breeding.

Why did the South fail to attract significant economic development in the wake of Reconstruction?

Investors came to the South for cheap labor and low taxes, so they made few capital investments in the region.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the significance of the 1892 strike in Homestead, Pennsylvania?

It demonstrated the enormous power of large corporations and reflected the belief of many working Americans that they were being denied economic independence and self-governance.

Which of the following statements about the Oregon System is correct?

It initiated the nation's first and most long-lasting sales tax.

Thomas Edison, the era's greatest inventor.

developed a system for generating and distributing electric power.