Test 1

You are trying to identify a chemical that consists of adenine, ribose, and three phosphates. What is this chemical? DNA RNA ATP phospholipid

ATP

he Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was: Francesco Redi. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. Louis Pasteur. Joseph Lister. Robert Koch.

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.

Which activity is an example of biotechnology? bacteria in the soil secreting an antibiotic to kill competitors a microbiologist using the microscope to study bacteria Egyptians using moldy bread on wounds Escherichia coli producing human insulin public health officials monitoring diseases in a community

Escherichia coli producing human insulin

The surgeon who advocated using disinfectants on hands and in the air prior to surgery was: Joseph Lister. Ignaz Semmelweis. Robert Koch. Louis Pasteur. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.

Joseph Lister.

A client has a serious case of the flu. A random sample of sputum was taken from the patient coughing up blood. The lab tech said they had isolated a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan. You hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be: Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Borrelia burghdorferi. Streptococcus pneumoniae. Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Staphylococcus aureus.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Which scientist showed that anthrax was caused by the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis? Joseph Lister Ignaz Semmelweis Robert Koch Louis Pasteur Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Robert Koch

Which of the following is a scientific name? gram-positive streptococcus Staphylococcus Streptococcus pyogenes anthrax Streptobacilli

Streptococcus pyogenes

Which of the following is mismatched? Gracilicutes - gram-negative cell walls Firmicutes - gram-positive cell walls Tenericutes - waxy acid-fast cell walls Mendosicutes - archaea cell walls None of the choices is correct.

Tenericutes - waxy acid-fast cell walls

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation? The microbiologist used too much inoculum. The culture is contaminated. The incubation temperature was incorrect. The culture medium must be selective. The culture medium must be differential.

The culture medium must be selective.

Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that: microbes are found on dust particles. a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease. life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms. a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom. microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills.

a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease.

Sterile refers to: pathogen free. absence of spores. absence of any life forms and viral particles. pasteurized. homogenized.

absence of any life forms and viral particles.

The purpose of staining cells on a microscope slide is to: kill them. secure them to the slide. enlarge the cells. add contrast in order to see them better. see motility.

add contrast in order to see them better.

Agar is an important component of media because: bacteria require agar to grow. agar inhibits mold growth. agar provides a solid surface for bacterial growth. agar prevents contamination. All of the choices are correct.

agar provides a solid surface for bacterial growth.

The building blocks of an enzyme are: nucleotides. glycerol and fatty acids. monosaccharides. phosphate, glycerol, and fatty acids. amino acids.

amino acids.

Plasmids are found in all bacteria. are essential for growth and metabolism. cannot be passed between organisms. cannot be passed on to progeny. are often the site of pathogenic genes.

are essential for growth and metabolism.

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that: cause human disease. lack a cell nucleus. are infectious particles. are too small to be seen with the unaided eye. can only be found growing in laboratories.

are too small to be seen with the unaided eye.

The bacterial flagellum has three parts in the order from cytoplasm to external environment: filament, hook, basal body filament, basal body, hook basal body, hook, filament hook, basal body, filament basal body, filament, hook

basal body, hook, filament

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its: hook. outer membrane. filament. sheath. basal body.

basal body.

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells? slime layer fimbriae cell membrane capsule All of the choices are correct.

capsule

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms: carbon nitrogen oxygen hydrogen phosphorous

carbon

If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment, the cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is the: endospore. cell wall. cell membrane. capsule. slime layer.

cell wall.

The orderly arrangement of organisms into a hierarchy of taxa is called: classification. identification. nomenclature. experimentation. biotechnology.

classification.

Taxonomy does not involve: nomenclature. classification. taxa. identification. common name.

common name

Which pertains to DNA but not to RNA? contains ribose contains adenine contains thymine contains uracil contains nucleotides

contains thymine

The microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are called: decomposers. prokaryotes. pathogens. eukaryotes. fermenters.

decomposers

Which type of microscope achieves the greatest resolution and highest magnification? bright field dark field phase contrast fluorescence electron

electron

Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell structure detects calcium and dipicolinic acid. What is the identity of this structure? cell wall capsule slime layer nucleoid endospore

endospore

Which area of biology states that living things undergo gradual, structural, and functional changes over long periods of time? morphology phylogeny evolution genetics None of the choices is correct.

evolution

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy (left to right): family, order, class family, genus, species genus, species, family class, phylum, order kingdom, domain, phylum

family, genus, species

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called: bioremediation. genetic engineering. epidemiology. immunology. taxonomy.

genetic engineering.

All of the following are monosaccharides except: glucose. glycogen. fructose. ribose. deoxyribose.

glycogen

The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is: hanging drop. fixed stained smear. Gram stain. negative stain. flagellar stain.

hanging drop.

Which is not true about enzymes? found in all cells are catalysts participate in the cell's chemical reactions can be denaturated by heat and other agents have high-energy bonds between phosphates

have high-energy bonds between phosphates

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the: inclusions. fimbriae. capsule. slime layer. outer membrane of gram-negative cell walls.

inclusions.

The term that refers to the purposeful addition of microorganisms into a laboratory nutrient medium is: isolation. inoculation. immunization. infection. contamination.

inoculation.

The correct microbiological term for the tiny sample of specimen that is put into a nutrient medium in order to produce a culture is the colony. inoculum. streak. loop. None of the choices is correct.

inoculum.

Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxin? is a specific cell wall lipid can stimulate fever in the human body can cause septic shock in the human body is involved in typhoid fever and some meningitis cases is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls

is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms? cause human disease lack a nucleus cannot be seen without a microscope contain genetic material lack cell structure

lack cell structure

The enzyme _____, found in tears and saliva, can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls. penicillinase lysozyme peptidase All of the choices are correct. None of the choices is correct.

lysozyme

Which of the following is not a human use of microorganisms? making bread treating water and sewage manufacturing copper wire mass producing antibiotics cleaning up oil spills

manufacturing copper wire

During protein synthesis, ____ RNA is made as a copy of a gene from DNA. transfer messenger ribosomal All of the choices are correct.

messenger

Living things ordinarily too small to be seen with the unaided eye are termed: bacteria. viruses. parasites. microorganisms. None of the choices is correct.

microorganisms

Which of the following is not considered a microorganism? mosquito protozoan bacterium virus fungus

mosquito

Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all: nucleic acids. carbohydrates. polysaccharides. amino acids. enzymes.

nucleic acids.

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image? condenser objective lens ocular lens body nosepiece

objective lens

Magnification is achieved in a compound microscope through the initial magnification of the specimen by the _____ lens. This image is then projected to the _____ lens that will further magnify the specimen to form a virtual image received by the eye. ocular, objective scanning, objective objective, ocular ocular, oil None of the choices is correct.

objective, ocular

Helminths are: bacteria. protozoa. molds. parasitic worms. infectious particles.

parasitic worms.

Disease-causing microorganisms are called: decomposers. prokaryotes. pathogens. eukaryotes. fermenters.

pathogens

What type of bonds are formed between adjacent amino acids? glycosilic ester peptide disulfide phosphate

peptide

The lipid group that is the major component of cell membranes is the: prostaglandins. waxes. phospholipids. steroids. triglycerides.

phospholipids.

The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called: biotechnology. genetics. recombinant DNA. phylogeny. taxonomy.

phylogeny.

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called: decomposers. prokaryotes. pathogens. eukaryotes. fermenters.

prokaryotes.

Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct? resolving power magnification refraction All of the choices are correct. None of the choices is correct.

resolving power

The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are: AIDS-related diseases. diarrheal diseases. malaria diseases. measles. respiratory diseases.

respiratory diseases.

A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single bonded to two other carbons and two hydrogens. unsaturated polyunsaturated monounsaturated saturated None of the choices is correct.

saturated

The alpha helix is a type of _____ protein structure. primary secondary tertiary quaternary None of the choices is correct.

secondary

The smallest and most significant taxon is: genus. species. kingdom. family. phylum.

species

Cells form a _____ arrangement when cells in a chain snap back upon each other forming a row of cells oriented side by side. tetrad strep staph sarcina palisade

staph

If you looked at a _________ under the microscope, you would likely see an irregular cluster of spherical cells. palisade sarcina staphylococcus streptococcus diplococcus

staphylococcus

All of the following are lipids except: cholesterol. starch. phospholipid. wax. triglyceride.

starch

A chain of rod-shaped cells would be called a(an): streptobacillus. staphylobacillus. streptococcus. staphylococcus. palisades.

streptobacillus.

Which scientific field is involved in the identification, classification, and naming of organisms? nomenclature taxonomy phylogeny Woesean classification None of the choices is correct.

taxonomy

ATP is best described as: an enzyme. a double helix. an electron carrier. the energy molecule of cells. All of the choices are correct.

the energy molecule of cells.

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering? viruses bacteria parasites fungi yeasts

viruses