Test 1 - BTE 210

Internet Connection Methods

- Dial-up - DSL - Cable modem - Satellite - Wireless - Fiber-to-the-home (FTTH)

A Platform

- Facilitates the exchange of consumers that could not otherwise transact with each other - Is open, allowing regulated participation - Actively promotes interactions among different partners in a multi-sided market Leverages network effects: - More users = more value = more users

Advantages of Cloud Computing

- Lower computer costs - Improved performance - Instant software updates - Increased data reliability - Universal document/data access - Device independence

Wireless Transmission Media (WTM)

- Microwave - Satellite - Infrared - Radio

4 Qualities of Cloud Computing

- Multitenancy Efficient use of computing power because multiple people can use it - Elastic capacity - Pay-per-use - Self-service

Disadvantages of Cloud Computing

- Requires constant internet connection - Low-speed connections do not work well - Features of cloud-based application software limited compared to desktop versions

Cloud Computing benefits to a company

- Scalability on-demand - Availability Both result in lower costs In IT architecture, clouds are value-added solutions that implement many IT services without a fixed commitment to internal IT resources and the management of them

3 Layers of Cloud Computing

- Software as a Service (SaaS) - Platform as a Service (Paas) - Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Types of Primary Memory

4 Main Types - Register Memory - Cache Memory - Random Access Memory (RAM) - Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Types of Secondary Memory

5 Types - Magnetic Tape - Magnetic Discs (HDD) - Solid State Drives (SSD) - Optical Storage Devices - Flash Memory

Functions of CPU

A CPU does 3 things: - Perform mathematical operations - Process and transfer data - Make decisions

Business Intelligence

A broad category of applications, technologies, and processes for gathering, storing, accessing, and analyzing data to help business users make better decisions BI applications enable decision makers to quickly ascertain the status of a business enterprise by examining key information

Software Licensing

A legal instrument governing the use or redistribution of software

Cloud Computing

A method for delivering business and IT services A form of on-demand IT service provisioning and utilization The use of network resources, principally internet resources, to provide on-demand data processing and storage

Wide Area Networks (WANs)

A network that covers a large geographic area Connects several LANs Large capacity provided by common carriers (AT&T)

Computer Network

A system that connects computers and other devices via communications media so that data can be transmitted among them

Internet Protocol Address (IP)

A unique address to each computer on the internet that distinguishes it from all other computers IPv4 - The most widely used format IPv6 - Can accommodate more devices

Input Technologies

Accept data and instructions and convert them to a form that a computer can understand Keyboards, mouse, scanners, digital cameras, joysticks, microphones, etc

Wireless LAN

Access Point (AP): A device that connects wireless devices together and usually has a 100 meter perimeter and is connected to a wired network, ESSID (Extended service set ID): A "name" for the AP Hot spot: The area covered by wireless access points

Cable Modem

Access over you cable TV coaxial cable Can have degraded performance if many of your neighbors are accessing the internet at once

Satellite (Internet Connection)

Access where cable and DSL are not available

Satellite (Wireless transmission)

Advantages - High bandwidth - Large coverage area Disadvantages - Expensive - Requires unobstructed line of sight - Signals experience propagation delay - Requires the use of encryption for security

Linux

An open-source family of operating systems Advantages: - All original source code can be used, freely modified, and redistributed, very secure

Device Management

BIOS loads and starts the OS and establishes device mangement When booting a computer BIOS initializes and identifies system devices like the keyboard, hard disk, and DVD drive The OS coordinates the input and output of data to and from its peripherals using special programs called drivers. They are used to translate data sent between the processor and various hardware devices such as printers, disk drives, and monitors.

2 Types of Network Speed

Bandwidth Broadband

DSL (Internet Connection)

Broadband access via telephone companies

Wide-Area Wireless Networks

Cellular Radio - 1G: uses analog signals and low bandwidth - 2G: uses digital signals primarily for voice communication; provides data communication up to 10 Kbps - 3G: uses digital signals - 4G: high-mobility - LTE: technology designed to support roaming Internet access - XLTE: handles network congestion when too many people are in one area trying to access an LTE network and provides all users with no decrease in bandwidth - 5G: expected to be deployed by 2020

Cable

Coaxial Cable Advantages - Higher bandwidth than twisted pair - Less susceptible to electromagnetic interference Disadvantages - Relatively expensive and inflexible - Easily tapped (low to medium-security) - Somewhat difficult to work with

Open-Source Software

Computer software with its source code made available with a license in which the copyright holder provides the rights to study, change, and distribute the software to anyone and for any purpose.

Network Clients

Computer that request network resources or services

Network Servers

Computers that manage and provide network resources and services to clients - Have more processing power, memory, and hard disk space than clients - Run Network OS that can manage not only data, but also users, groups, security, and applications on the network

Application Software

Consists of instructions that direct a computer system to perform specific information processing activities and to provide functionality for users

BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)

Controls the startup process and loads the operating system into memory

Communications Media and Channels

DSL Cable Fiber

Optical Storage Devices

DVDs/CDs Secondary Storage

Data Visualization Technologies

Data presented to users in visual formats such as text, graphics, and tables following data processing Makes IT applications more attractive and understandable to users BI application for presenting results

Solid State Drives (SSD)

Data storage devices. Serve the same purpose as a hard drive and store data in memory chips SSD do not have moving parts Secondary Storage

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Development environment without in-house HW and SW Apache Stratos, Google app engine, Windows azure

Fiber-to-the-home (FTTH)

Expensive and usually placed only in new housing developments

Fiber

Fibre Optics The quickest and can give you the most bandwidth Advantages - Very high bandwidth - Relatively inexpensive (The entire infrastructure is not) - Difficult to tap (high security) Disadvantages - Difficult to work with (difficult to splice)

Cache Memory

High-speed memory that enables the computer to temporarily store blocks of data that are used more often and that a processor can access quicker than RAM Located physically closer to the CPU than RAM Primary Memory

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Holds a software program and small amounts of data for processing Primary Memory

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Manipulates the data and controls the tasks performed by the other components The brain of the computer system

Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)

Medium-range Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN)

Flash Memory

Memory Cards Nonvolatile electronic storage devices. Have no moving parts and use 30x less battery power than hard drives Smaller and more durable than hard drives Thumb drive is the most popular Secondary Storage

Magnetic Discs (HDD)

Most widely used Secondary storage

Infrared

Needs a line of sight Infrared light - Red light not commonly visible to human eyes - Try using your digital camera to "see" it Use for short-distance connections Common uses are in remote control units for TVs, VCRs, DVDs, CD players Not as important now and days

Memory Management

OS assigns data a place in storage and remembers those locations Complicated because the data that makes up a file may not be physically in order Memory segmentation: primary memory management Disk scheduling: secondary memory management When you do a wipe the OS overwrites the disk space with 0s or random data

Task Management

OS is responsible for controlling and scheduling what data/instructions are sent to the CPU for processing Multitasking: rapidly switching between processes. Gives the appearance of running multitude of process simultaneously

Magnetic Tape

On a large open reel or in a smaller cartridge or cassette Secondary storage

Responsibilities: Software as a Service (SaaS)

Others manage: - Applications - Data - Runtime - Middleware - O/S - Virtualization - Servers - Storage - Networking

Register Memory

Part of the CPU Has the least capacity, storing extremely limited amounts of instructions and data only immediately before and after processing Primary Memory

3 Network Types

Personal Area Networks (PANs) Local Area Networks (LANs) Wide Area Networks (WANs)

Output Technologies

Present data and information in a form users can understand Monitors, printers, speakers, etc

Communication Technologies

Provide for the flow of data from external computer networks to the CPU, and from the CPU to computer networks

Dashboards

Provide rapid access to timely information Provide direct access to management reports User friendly BI application for presenting results

Major threats to wireless security

Radio frequency jamming Evil twin - While using a hotspot an attacker simulates a wireless access point with the same wireless network ESSID

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Services that can be accessed and used via a browser Dropbox, google apps, SalesForce, Slack

Bluetooth

Short-range wireless network using radio waves Utilized to create small personal area networks. Bluetooth 1.2 - Can link up to 8 devices within 30 feet, with a bandwidth of 721 Kbps. Bluetooth 4.2 - Can transmit up to 1 Mbps within 200 feet. Bluetooth 5 - Can transmit up to 2 Mbps within 800 feet - Low energy spec available

System Software

Software designed to provide a platform for other software Includes: - Operating systems (OS) - Programming languages - System utilities

Proprietary Software

Software that has been developed by a company and has restrictions on its use, copying, and modification Source code is usually not made available

Dial-Up

Still used in the US where broadband is not available

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Storage and computing capacity Amazon Web Services, Cisco Metapod, MS Azure

Secondary Storage

Stores data and programs for future use

Broadband

Telecommunication signal of greater bandwidth Download speeds of at least 25 Mbps and upload speeds of at least 3 Mbps

Primary Storage

Temporarily stores data and program instructions during processing

Local Area Networks (LANs)

The important network A group of computers that share a communication line to a server These computers have a common storage place Enables sharing of resources - Each computer can connect to one printer

Operating Systems (OS)

The most essential type of system software Every general-purpose computer has an OS - Provide a user interface (GUI) - Provide hardware independence - Manage processing tasks (task management) - Manage system memory (memory management) - Provide networking capability - Control access to system resources (device management) - Manage files Single-user: designed for a single user (Windows, Mac, Android, etc) Multiuser: permits hundreds of concurrent users (Linus, Unix, Windows Server Editions)

Computer Hardware

The physical equipment used for the input, processing, storage, and output activities of a computer system Central Processing Unit Primary Storage Secondary Storage

Data Mining

The process of searching for valuable information in a large database Provides users with a look at why it happened Two basic operations: - Predicting trends and behaviors - Identifying previously unknown patterns and relationships

Bandwidth

Transmission capacity of a network Unit: bits per second (bps)

Radio (Wireless transmission)

Travels through the air and can pass through walls

DSL (Communication media)

Twisted-pair Wire Delivered through the telephone network Advantages: - Inexpensive - Widely available - Easy to work with Disadvantages - Slow (low bandwidth) - Subject to interference - Easily tapped (low security)

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Type of chip where certain critical instructions are safeguarded Non-volatile, so it retains these instructions when the power is turned off Primary Memory

Predictive Analytics

Use a data set to find patterns Employs mathematical and statistical algorithms, neural networks, artificial intelligence, and other advanced modeling tools. Create actionable predictive models based on available data.

Wireless Mesh Networks

Use of multiple Wi-Fi access points to create a wide area network that can be quite large and are essentially a series of interconnected local area networks.

Wireless

Very convenient, and WiMAX will increase the use of broadband wireless

Microwave Transmission Systems

Widely used for high-volume, long-distance, point-to-point communication Require line-of-sight - Transmitter and receiver are in view of each other - Due to curvature of the earth, microwave towers cannot be spaced more than 30 miles apart Transmission of digital and analog signals, such as long-distance telephone calls, television programs, and computer data Susceptible to environmental interference

Responsibilities: Platform as a Service (PaaS)

You manage: - Applications - Data Others manage - Runtime - Middleware - O/S - Virtualization - Servers - Storage - Networking

Responsibilities: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

You manage: - Applications - Data - Runtime - Middleware - O/S Others manage - Virtualization - Servers - Storage - Networking

Responsibilities: On-Premises

You manage: - Applications - Data - Runtime - Middleware - O/S - Virtualization - Servers - Storage - Networking

Personal Area Networks (PANs)

Your home network Provides communication for devices owned by a single user that work over a short distance