Test 1 Fundamentals of nutrition
According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, added sugar intake should be limited to less than _____ % of total daily calories.
10
According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, saturated fat intake should be limited to less than _____% of total daily calories.
10
A serving of food contains 15 g carbohydrate, 3 g protein, 5 g fat, 5 mg vitamin C, and 100 ml water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies _____ kcal.
117
According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, most healthy people should limit their daily sodium intake to less than ______ mg/day.
2,300
Which of the following foods is the most energy dense per serving?
4-ounce chocolate doughnut
Scientists study 200 adults who have type 2 diabetes, and 200 adults who have similar characteristics but do not have the disease. For 18 months, the researchers collect lifestyle information on all the study participants. According to the study's findings, the adults with type 2 diabetes were 25% less physically active than their counterparts who did not have type 2 diabetes. This is an example of a(n) _____ study.
Case Control
The ____ is responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medications.
FDA
Pellagra is an infectious disease.
False
In the United States, poor eating habits contribute to some of the ten leading causes of death.
In the United States, poor eating habits contribute to some of the ten leading causes of death.
It is not unusual for similar studies, especially those involving human subjects, to have different findings.
It is not unusual for similar studies, especially those involving human subjects, to have different findings.
Which of the following periodicals features peer-reviewed articles?
Journal of the American Medical Association
Which of the following conditions are signs or symptoms of pellagra?
Mental confusion and scaly skin sores
Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving?
Soy Milk
Which of the following substances is NOT a macronutrient?
Vitamin C
Antonio has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce his likelihood of developing heartburn, his physician recommended that he _____.
avoid over eating at meals
A person's _____ is not a major influence for his or her food selection practices.
blood type
A primary function of the digestive system is the ______.
breakdown of food into nutrients
Which of the following websites is most likely a *source of biased and unreliable* nutrition information?
dietsnomore4u.com
Which of the following is a micronutrient?
iron
For several years, Corey has sufferered from intermittent abdominal pain along with bouts of diarrhea and constipation. According to Corey, his "bad guts" worsen whenever he is "stressed out" or eats certain foods, especially raw fruit and baked beans. His doctor has determined that his intestinal tract is not inflamed. Based on this information, Corey probably has _____.
irritable bowel syndrome
The _____ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme.
large intestine
An essential nutrient
must be supplied by the diet.
The vitamin effective in treating pellagra is ______.
niacin
Small amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called _____.
peristalsis
Max wants to increase his intake of vitamin C without taking a dietary supplement. When he shops for food, he reads Nutrition Facts labels. Which of the following kinds of information will help him choose foods that are the richest sources of vitamin C?
%DVs
Which of the following is NOT a common marketing tactic to encourage consumers to purchase manufactured foods?
Nutrition information posted next to fresh fruits and vegetables
People can have energy needs that are higher or lower than the Estimated Energy Requirement.
People can have energy needs that are higher or lower than the Estimated Energy Requirement.
Salivary glands secrete amylase, an enzyme that enables a minor amount of _____ to be digested in the mouth.
Starch
The professional football star Andro "The Man" McGraw claims the dietary supplement AminoProFix helped him build muscle mass quickly and safely. His endorsement of the product is an example of ______.
a testimonial
Derek takes protein supplements before and after his workouts. He told his workout partner that he became 200% stronger within a couple of months after he added the supplements to his diet. His report about the effects of the supplements is an example of a(n) ______.
anecdote
Lynn wants to estimate the grams of carbohydrate in a sugar-sweetened soft drink that supplies 200 kcal. The soft drink contains no fiber, protein, fat, or alcohol. To obtain this value, she should...
divide the number of kcal by 4.
Scientists conduct a study in which 100 adults with chronic diarrhea are divided into 2 groups of 50 people. One group is given a supply of yogurt that contains a certain kind of bacteria, and the other group is given yogurt that is bacteria free. The study's participants and researchers do not know which group of subjects has the bacteria in the yogurt and which group does not. The scientists instruct the participants to eat the entire 8 ounces of yogurt once a day for a month and record the their bowel habits. This is an example of a(n) ____ study.
double blind
A refined grain product that has iron, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid added to replace amounts lost during processing has been ____________.
enriched
Scientists who investigate lifestyle factors that influence the prevalence of obesity among different population groups are conducting a(n) ____ study.
epidemiological
The _____ is an accessory organ of the digestive system.
liver
A group of registered dietitians is planning to conduct a scientific study to investigate the effects of eating honey on school-age children's behavior. At first, the researchers will ______.
make observations
A diet that supplies adequate amounts of nutrients prevents ______.
nutrient-deficiency disorders
A group of scientists suspects that certain dietary practices are partially responsible for different rates of hypertension among adults of different ethnic/racial groups. To test their hypothesis, the researchers examine data concerning the different population groups' hypertension rates and their past dietary practices. This research is a _____ study.
retrospective
Chyme is the _____.
semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach
A nutrient requirement is the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a defined level of nutritional health.
true
If the epiglottis is not fully closed, food enters the trachea, blocking the windpipe which may cause the person to lose consciousness and die.
true
The process of adding vitamins A and D to milk is called fortification.
true
Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does NOT supply any energy for the human body?
vitamin D
The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65% of total energy intake.
The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65% of total energy intake.
Which of the following is NOT related to a key nutrition concept?
The best way for people to obtain all the essential nutrients is to consume dietary supplements.
The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.
The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.
Phil is a participant in a study designed to examine the effects of taking a dietary supplement on muscle tissue development. Phil suspects he is in the experimental group, because he is certain his muscles are bigger and stronger as a result of taking the product supplied by the researchers. When the study is completed, Phil learns that he did not receive the dietary supplement. Phil thinks the researchers made a mistake—he is certain his muscle mass increased while he took the supplement. According to this information, Phil's belief that his physical condition improved while he participated in the study is an example of ______.
placebo effects
Scientists enroll 500 healthy adults in a study and collect dietary and other lifestyle information about the group. After 6 years, the scientists determine that study participants who ate at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily were less likely to develop high blood pressure than participants who ate fewer than 5 servings of these foods daily. This study is an example of a(n) ____ study.
prospective
Food guides usually classify sunflower and other seeds in the _____ group.
proteins
Eating diets that contain high amounts of certain kinds of fat raise the risk of developing heart disease. Thus, a diet that supplies an excessive amount of such fats is a ____ for heart disease.
risk factor