Test 1 lit

What is her book?

"Book of Margery Kemp" spiritual autobiography

John Donne

"Hymn to God, My God, in My Sickness" "Go, and catch a falling star" "The Sun Rising" "A Valediction: Forbidding Mounting" Holy Sonnets 5, 10, 14 Meditation 17

Figurative Language: Verbal Irony

"I never writ" - poem is there & always will be = no one is going to prove him wrong

Sound Imagery: Alliteration

"I never writ, nor no man ever loved"

lexis

"India's of spice and Myne" - he compares their room to a treasure house of wealth and perfumes. Does he regard her as an object

George Herbert

"Redemption" "Easter Wings" "Prayer" "The Collar" "The Pulley" "Love (III)" "Affliction (IV)"

Sound Imagery: Assonance

"Star, Bark" "Within, Bending" "Compass, Come" "Bears, edge, error" "Never, Ever"

Geoffrey Chaucer Works

"The General Prologue" Canterbury Tales "Wife of Bath"

examples of conceits in valediction

"as virtuous men pass mildly away" "moving of th' earth brings harms and fears"/"dull sublunary lovers love" "if they be two, they are two so/ As stiff twin compasses are two"

examples of hyperbole in valediction

"twere profanation of our joys/to tell the laity of our love"

conform - repentance

'calling. Child' suggesting endearment rather than anger 'My Lord' only at the end is the rhyme regular and unobtrusively patterned This poem is nothing but a reflection of fury and antagonism toward God and his creation. It shows us that God is willing to listen to our grievance and criticism and brings us hope even in the case of despair, frustration and anger. At the end, George Herbert poems echo God relationship with men. They are a concrete example of our life and how God is always present even in our worst case-scenario to give us hope and optimism.

freedom

'free: free as the road' 'loose as the wind' 'thy raps of sands' lexical set of 'free', 'loose', 'abroad' here are just too many desperate, fragmented questions being asked for us to be confident that this is the right direction in which to find coherence.

confusion

'my lines and my life' 'what have I lost with cordial fruit?' 'shall I ever sigh and pine' 'no garlands gay?' 'all wasted?' 'to let me blood' - elliptical language was written near the end of his life when he was questioning God He spent his entire life serving his Lord with no return. He is in a state of revolt, trying to free himself. He remains in a state of anguish until he hears the word "child".

previous conform

'there was wine... there was corn' 'before my tears did drown it' lexical set of 'harvest' 'thorn' 'fruit' 'wine' was an anglican priest, and gave up all of his pleasures was a secular breacher beforehand (non-religious)

Wife of Bath Themes

*Says women want to be in charge of their own lives. *Says women can't hold secrets. *Turns into a beautiful, young, FAITHFUL woman because the knight gave her the opportunity to choose herself.

WIFE OF BATH:Queen

*She gives the knight a chance to save his life. *She asks the knight to find out what women really want or desire. He needs to find out within a year and a day or he will be beheaded. *She asks the king not to kill the knight because she thinks justice will be better served if he learned a lesson.

The Wife of Bath

- 5 husbands - Doesn't really care what people think - "Somewhat deaf" to other's opinions - 10 pounds of fabric - demonstrating her wealth, self-indulgence? - Her travel indicates her wealth - Passionate (red), skilled in the old dance (sexuality) - Satire in religious expression - she gets angry is anyone goes before her in Church, what is the reason she is on the pilgrimage?

The Prioress

- Chaucer is "complimenting" her - she speaks well but with an accent that is flawed, sings well through her nose - Singing and speaking French are noble qualities of aristocracy - Fantastic table manners, sympathy for animals - Aristocratic beauty Chaucer seems to admire - Qualities of a courtly lady - suggesting misplaced ideals - She is a nun, she should be focusing on the church and helping people - Maybe she didn't want to be a nun - In the Middle Ages, if you had too many daughters to find husbands for you could sent the less attractive/younger ones to the convent - Wears a gold breach that says "love conquers all" - Metonymy - describing a character through an object - She is still a romantic, caught up in aristocratic values - Signal of her place in a nobel family or her desire to be one? - Reflects an overly sentimental view of the Prioress - Her story later is violent and racist - Disconnect with her representation and problematic views - Perhaps the gold breach represents that romantic love conquers her vows? - Suggests she has a false devotion - she should be focused on God and the servants of God, not courtly life - Perhaps she had expected to be involved in courtly life and is having a difficult time letting go - Her satire is deliberately ambiguous

General Prologue Estate Satire

- Chaucer is particularly hard on the 2nd estate and easy on the 1st (his primary audience) - In the "General Prologue", Chaucer introduces the pilgrims in order of their estate (1st, 2nd, 3rd) - Chaucer's satire is indirect, the narrator describes attributes and asks the reader to form his/her own opinions - Critique in the humbleness of the Knight, the overindulgence and vanity of the Squire - playful criticism - Satire of the 3rd estate is more clear - miller can remove a door by hand or head, represented as a very dim man - The Wife of Bath is loud, passionate - Chaucer's audience is the ruling class, so as such, their criticism is subtle and light-hearted

General Prologue Corruption of the Church

- Chaucers harsh criticism of the Church seems to reflect the growing wealth of the Catholic Church

General Prologue Themes

- Estate Satire (particularly hard on the 2nd estate and fairly easy on the 1st) - Pilgrimage - Corruption of the Church - Satire

General Prologue Pilgrimage

- Going to Caterbury was usually a religiously motivated movement to the huge cathedral - Thomas Beckett was stabbed in the back by the King's knights while he was in prayer, instantly becomes a martyr ("holy blissful martyr") - Beckett's remains become relics - Another part of the motivation for pilgrimages is entertainment, like a road trip

The Pardoner

- Has authority to forgive people's sins - He might have heard confessions but more likely sold fake religious artifacts - Motivated to go on pilgrimage to make money by selling artifacts - Also introduced as being a "gelding or a mare" (a eunuch (man without testicles) or a homosexual) - He is the only pilgrim with a queer identity - Queerness might have been meant literally or metaphorically to represent his queerness

General Prologue Stylistic features

- John Dryden regarded Chaucer as the founder of English verse - The first to write in English (Middle English) - The Canterbury Tales is sometimes called an estate satire because it provides commentary on the classes

General Prologue Main Characters

- Knight - Squire - Prioress - Monk - The Wife of Bath - The Miller - The Pardoner

Miller

- Loud, big mouth, bagpipes - Brawny - Disrupts the hierarchy when telling stories (later) - General Prologue follows a hierarchy, the tales do not

Monk

- Manly man - Goes hunting and riding instead of engaging in monk duties - Fat, oily - he eats well, weats meat, meant to live in poverty - Chaucer agreeing seems to reflect Chaucer's own stubbornness in writing in English - Aristocratic mannerisms like the Prioress, but more self-aware - She is feminine, he is a manly man - They seem more aristocratic than the Knight in the 1st estate - Riding bells are clearer to him than the bell at the monestary/village

General Prologue Literary features

- Rhyming (French influence) - Alliteration (English influence) - Rhyming couplets

Knight

- Royal estate - Gives a long list of the places he's traveled to reinforce he is a worthy knight in all of these places - Maybe a bit of ego involved in listing all the places he has traveled - Gentil = kind, gentleman knight - His clothes are stained, meek, and humble - he wears his nobility lightly - Simplicity of dress suggests he is novle, humble, honourable, stoic - Stains may represent a blemish on his character, morals - anti-crusade comment by Chaucer? - In the manuscript, there was an illustration when each pilgrim's story begins - Unclear who the Knight is fighting for - perhaps he is a mercenary Knight without an identifiable allegiance

Squier

- Takes more pleasure in his noble status than his father - Singing, dancing, poetry - quite artistic - Has been trained for battle, but seems to be more interested in court life - The Knight presents as humble but is perhaps a show-off, the squire is definitely a show-off but is perhaps humble - Embroidered with colourful flowers (expensive), curls his hair (vanity, attention to physical appearance - unlike his father) - Chivalry = arms, courtly love = writing poetry (done to woo a lady) - two elements of Knightly code - Battle = courtly focus - The Knight and Squire are two examples of what a noble should be (focus on battle, old ideals and skilled in arts, courtly focus) - Something inherently artistic about the Squire, Chaucer as an author would probably respond favourably to him - Indirect satire forcing you to think about what descriptions mean and form your own opinion

General Prologue Response to historical concerns

- The 100 Years War (established an English identity, people began speaking English instead of French) - The Bubonic Plague (between 30-50% of the English population dies, creating a shortage in the labour market that allows labourers and women to assert their own rights) - The Peasant Revolt 1381 (Invade London and create a riot - became violent quite quickly. Chaucer doesn't directly refer to this even but there are subtle moments where the 3rd estate is pushing back)

General Prologue Response to cultural concerns

- The first to write in English at a time when Latin and French are the prestige languages - 3 levels/estates of society: ruling (nobility), the church (priests, nuns, monk, prioress), everyone else (merchants, landowners, peasants, millers, tradespeople)

Paradise Lost

- initially published in 10 books the 12 to be closer to classical epic. like humors odyssey -Blank Verse: -Iambic pentameter w/ no Rhyme INVOCATION- establishes the main theme. What happened to cause the fall of man -Rallying troops, arming the hero -Also fall of angels ---> humankind-----> Salvation between angels and humankind is creation -war is a main similiarity between classical and christian epic -satan considered war weary hero -1st book - he is marked by battle, scarred by thunder -satan master rhetorism

Theme:

- poet is confident in his definition of true love as the only constant and immortal power on earth, our love must be confident and steadfast.

Paradise Lost: Theme

-The Fortunate Fall - we would not exist and all the beauty and wonder of earth would not exist without the fall -Importance of Obedience to God - Mans first disobedience -Satan's disobedience causes chain reaction for evil.

Paradise Lost: Pastoral world

-idealized rural life. Miltons view is, it is simple & perfect.

Paradise Lost: Setting

-wide ranging -many geographical locations -Heaven - Earth - Hell

Caliban

...

Figurative Language: Personification

1. "Alters when it alteration finds" 2. "bends with the remover to remove" 3. "wandering bark" 4. "time's fool" 5. "Alter's not with his brief hours and weeks" 6. "Bears it out even to the edge of doom"

Figurative Language: Metaphor

1. "Marriage of true minds" - true love not simply driven by emotions, but 2 intellectual beings 2. "Ever-fixèd mark/Star" - North Star 3. "Time" - Grim Reaper

Concrete Imagery: Visual

1. "ever-fixed mark" 2. "that looks on tempests" 3. "the star" 4. "rosy lips and cheeks" 5. "bending sickle's"

Concrete Imagery: Kinesthetic

1. "that looks on tempests and is never shaken" 2. "wandering bark"

Symbol:

1. Marriage = deep understanding between two equals, rather than a mere legal bond 2. Navigation = nautical imagery to construct the mental picture of love as a star leading all of us through life 3. Time = Grim reaper, love is only thing that can defy death

How many syllables are in each line of a sonnet?

10

Chaucer

1343-1400 Civil Servant

How many lines does a sonnet have?

14

There are a couple of allusions in this poem. But, let's look at one specifically. Read Revelation 20:14 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. Which line best references this allusion?

14

how many kids?

14

Who is the speaker?

1st speaker: Nameless person who describes the vision that he has and his reason to describe the importance of his vision. 2nd speaker: The physical cross itself who describes the crucifixion vividly. 3rd speaker: Dreamer again to conclude poem. Confident in his vision due to cross' description of crucifixion

How many scribes wrote her book?

2. The second edited it

When was she married?

20

How many quatrains are in a sonnet?

3

How many stanzas are in a sonnet?

4

WIFE OF BATH:What does the old hag offer her husband?

A chance for to be ugly but faithful or beautiful but unfaithful. He saysThat she can choose whatever it is she wants.

Kenning

A device employed in Anglo-Saxon poetry in which the name of a thing is replaced by one of its functions or qualities, as in "ring-giver" for king and "whale-road" for ocean.

WIFE OF BATH:What does the Knight see as he rides through a forest?

A group of 24 women dancing

Homeric/epic simile

A long, elaborate comparison between the hero or a god/goddess and something common or ordinary.

What is she?

A medieval lay women

Shape poem

A poem written so the lines form a physical pattern, related to the subject of the poem.

What is the key concept of the poem?

A preparation for death which is arguably welcomed rather than feared

Frame narrative

A secondary story or stories embedded in the main story

Plot Overview

A storm strikes a ship carrying Alonso, Ferdinand, Sebastian, Antonio, Gonzalo, Stephano, and Trinculo, who are on their way to Italy after coming from the wedding of Alonso's daughter, Claribel, to the prince of Tunis in Africa. The royal party and the other mariners, with the exception of the unflappable Boatswain, begin to fear for their lives. Lightning cracks, and the mariners cry that the ship has been hit. Everyone prepares to sink. The next scene begins much more quietly. Miranda and Prospero stand on the shore of their island, looking out to sea at the recent shipwreck. Miranda asks her father to do anything he can to help the poor souls in the ship. Prospero assures her that everything is all right and then informs her that it is time she learned more about herself and her past. He reveals to her that he orchestrated the shipwreck and tells her the lengthy story of her past, a story he has often started to tell her before but never finished. The story goes that Prospero was the Duke of Milan until his brother Antonio, conspiring with Alonso, the King of Naples, usurped his position. Kidnapped and left to die on a raft at sea, Prospero and his daughter survive because Gonzalo leaves them supplies and Prospero's books, which are the source of his magic and power. Prospero and his daughter arrived on the island where they remain now and have been for twelve years. Only now, Prospero says, has Fortune at last sent his enemies his way, and he has raised the tempest in order to make things right with them once and for all. After telling this story, Prospero charms Miranda to sleep and then calls forth his familiar spirit Ariel, his chief magical agent. Prospero and Ariel's discussion reveals that Ariel brought the tempest upon the ship and set fire to the mast. He then made sure that everyone got safely to the island, though they are now separated from each other into small groups. Ariel, who is a captive servant to Prospero, reminds his master that he has promised Ariel freedom a year early if he performs tasks such as these without complaint. Prospero chastises Ariel for protesting and reminds him of the horrible fate from which he was rescued. Before Prospero came to the island, a witch named Sycorax imprisoned Ariel in a tree. Sycorax died, leaving Ariel trapped until Prospero arrived and freed him. After Ariel assures Prospero that he knows his place, Prospero orders Ariel to take the shape of a sea nymph and make himself invisible to all but Prospero. Miranda awakens from her sleep, and she and Prospero go to visit Caliban, Prospero's servant and the son of the dead Sycorax. Caliban curses Prospero, and Prospero and Miranda berate him for being ungrateful for what they have given and taught him. Prospero sends Caliban to fetch firewood. Ariel, invisible, enters playing music and leading in the awed Ferdinand. Miranda and Ferdinand are immediately smitten with each other. He is the only man Miranda has ever seen, besides Caliban and her father. Prospero is happy to see that his plan for his daughter's future marriage is working, but decides that he must upset things temporarily in order to prevent their relationship from developing too quickly. He accuses Ferdinand of merely pretending to be the Prince of Naples and threatens him with imprisonment. When Ferdinand draws his sword, Prospero charms him and leads him off to prison, ignoring Miranda's cries for mercy. He then sends Ariel on another mysterious mission. On another part of the island, Alonso, Sebastian, Antonio, Gonzalo, and other miscellaneous lords give thanks for their safety but worry about the fate of Ferdinand. Alonso says that he wishes he never had married his daughter to the prince of Tunis because if he had not made this journey, his son would still be alive. Gonzalo tries to maintain high spirits by discussing the beauty of the island, but his remarks are undercut by the sarcastic sourness of Antonio and Sebastian. Ariel appears, invisible, and plays music that puts all but Sebastian and Antonio to sleep. These two then begin to discuss the possible advantages of killing their sleeping companions. Antonio persuades Sebastian that the latter will become ruler of Naples if they kill Alonso. Claribel, who would be the next heir if Ferdinand were indeed dead, is too far away to be able to claim her right. Sebastian is convinced, and the two are about to stab the sleeping men when Ariel causes Gonzalo to wake with a shout. Everyone wakes up, and Antonio and Sebastian concoct a ridiculous story about having drawn their swords to protect the king from lions. Ariel goes back to Prospero while Alonso and his party continue to search for Ferdinand. Caliban, meanwhile, is hauling wood for Prospero when he sees Trinculo and thinks he is a spirit sent by Prospero to torment him. He lies down and hides under his cloak. A storm is brewing, and Trinculo, curious about but undeterred by Caliban's strange appearance and smell, crawls under the cloak with him. Stephano, drunk and singing, comes along and stumbles upon the bizarre spectacle of Caliban and Trinculo huddled under the cloak. Caliban, hearing the singing, cries out that he will work faster so long as the "spirits" leave him alone. Stephano decides that this monster requires liquor and attempts to get Caliban to drink. Trinculo recognizes his friend Stephano and calls out to him. Soon the three are sitting up together and drinking. Caliban quickly becomes an enthusiastic drinker, and begins to sing. Prospero puts Ferdinand to work hauling wood. Ferdinand finds his labor pleasant because it is for Miranda's sake. Miranda, thinking that her father is asleep, tells Ferdinand to take a break. The two flirt with one another. Miranda proposes marriage, and Ferdinand accepts. Prospero has been on stage most of the time, unseen, and he is pleased with this development. Stephano, Trinculo, and Caliban are now drunk and raucous and are made all the more so by Ariel, who comes to them invisibly and provokes them to fight with one another by impersonating their voices and taunting them. Caliban grows more and more fervent in his boasts that he knows how to kill Prospero. He even tells Stephano that he can bring him to where Prospero is sleeping. He proposes that they kill Prospero, take his daughter, and set Stephano up as king of the island. Stephano thinks this a good plan, and the three prepare to set off to find Prospero. They are distracted, however, by the sound of music that Ariel plays on his flute and tabor-drum, and they decide to follow this music before executing their plot. Alonso, Gonzalo, Sebastian, and Antonio grow weary from traveling and pause to rest. Antonio and Sebastian secretly plot to take advantage of Alonso and Gonzalo's exhaustion, deciding to kill them in the evening. Prospero, probably on the balcony of the stage and invisible to the men, causes a banquet to be set out by strangely shaped spirits. As the men prepare to eat, Ariel appears like a harpy and causes the banquet to vanish. He then accuses the men of supplanting Prospero and says that it was for this sin that Alonso's son, Ferdinand, has been taken. He vanishes, leaving Alonso feeling vexed and guilty. Prospero now softens toward Ferdinand and welcomes him into his family as the soon-to-be-husband of Miranda. He sternly reminds Ferdinand, however, that Miranda's "virgin-knot" (IV.i.15) is not to be broken until the wedding has been officially solemnized. Prospero then asks Ariel to call forth some spirits to perform a masque for Ferdinand and Miranda. The spirits assume the shapes of Ceres, Juno, and Iris and perform a short masque celebrating the rites of marriage and the bounty of the earth. A dance of reapers and nymphs follows but is interrupted when Prospero suddenly remembers that he still must stop the plot against his life. He sends the spirits away and asks Ariel about Trinculo, Stephano, and Caliban. Ariel tells his master of the three men's drunken plans. He also tells how he led the men with his music through prickly grass and briars and finally into a filthy pond near Prospero's cell. Ariel and Prospero then set a trap by hanging beautiful clothing in Prospero's cell. Stephano, Trinculo, and Caliban enter looking for Prospero and, finding the beautiful clothing, decide to steal it. They are immediately set upon by a pack of spirits in the shape of dogs and hounds, driven on by Prospero and Ariel. Prospero uses Ariel to bring Alonso and the others before him. He then sends Ariel to bring the Boatswain and the mariners from where they sleep on the wrecked ship. Prospero confronts Alonso, Antonio, and Sebastian with their treachery, but tells them that he forgives them. Alonso tells him of having lost Ferdinand in the tempest and Prospero says that he recently lost his own daughter. Clarifying his meaning, he draws aside a curtain to reveal Ferdinand and Miranda playing chess. Alonso and his companions are amazed by the miracle of Ferdinand's survival, and Miranda is stunned by the sight of people unlike any she has seen before. Ferdinand tells his father about his marriage. Ariel returns with the Boatswain and mariners. The Boatswain tells a story of having been awakened from a sleep that had apparently lasted since the tempest. At Prospero's bidding, Ariel releases Caliban, Trinculo and Stephano, who then enter wearing their stolen clothing. Prospero and Alonso command them to return it and to clean up Prospero's cell. Prospero invites Alonso and the others to stay for the night so that he can tell them the tale of his life in the past twelve years. After this, the group plans to return to Italy. Prospero, restored to his dukedom, will retire to Milan. Prospero gives Ariel one final task—to make sure the seas are calm for the return voyage—before setting him free. Finally, Prospero delivers an epilogue to the audience, asking them to forgive him for his wrongdoing and set him free by applauding.

What is the Dream of the Rood about?

A story about someone's personal vision/experience. Focuses on the crucifixion of Christ. Culturally important to Christianity.

Doctor of the Church

A title officially bestowed by the Church on those saints who are highly esteemed for their theological writings, as well as their personal holiness.

What is the rhyming pattern of a sonnet?

ABAB CDCD EFEF GG

structure

ABBA CDCD EE- rhyming couplets to end - a romantic gesture. Complicated metric system of 8 or 10 syllables per line, except for the second line of each stanza which have 4 syllables, adding impact to the words within.

What is the rhyme scheme and why is it significant?

Ababa. Regular - rightness, acceptance. Intensifies his beliefs, feelings.

Tone:

Adement, Confident, Passionate

What is really prevalent in her text?

Affective piety

When did she take vow of celibacy?

Age 40 (after manipulating husband to let her)

Sebastian

Alonso's brother. Like Antonio, he is both aggressive and cowardly. He is easily persuaded to kill his brother in Act II, scene i, and he initiates the ridiculous story about lions when Gonzalo catches him with his sword drawn.

Gonzalo

An old, honest lord, Gonzalo helped Prospero and Miranda to escape after Antonio usurped Prospero's title. Gonzalo's speeches provide an important commentary on the events of the play, as he remarks on the beauty of the island when the stranded party first lands, then on the desperation of Alonso after the magic banquet, and on the miracle of the reconciliation in Act V, scene i.

Caliban

Another of Prospero's servants. Caliban, the son of the now-deceased witch Sycorax, acquainted Prospero with the island when Prospero arrived. Caliban believes that the island rightfully belongs to him and has been stolen by Prospero. His speech and behavior is sometimes coarse and brutal, as in his drunken scenes with Stephano and Trinculo (II.ii, IV.i), and sometimes eloquent and sensitive, as in his rebukes of Prospero in Act I, scene ii, and in his description of the eerie beauty of the island in Act III, scene ii (III.ii.130-138).

Boatswain

Appearing only in the first and last scenes, the Boatswain is vigorously good-natured. He seems competent and almost cheerful in the shipwreck scene, demanding practical help rather than weeping and praying. And he seems surprised but not stunned when he awakens from a long sleep at the end of the play.

Margery Kemp's Book is the 1st _____

Autobiography in English

Conflict/Religion - holy trinity

Batter my heart, three-person'd God

Eutyches, 5th century Christian Theologian

Belief was that Christ's body is inseparably united with the logos (word) of Christ. Corrupt to worship Christ on the cross (physically).

Message of Dream of the Rood

Believe in the cross and Christ and you will be saved.

Stanza 1

Brought down and reduced. How do we get back up? God will give power to fly or learn from our experiences. The poet addressed God. God created them all. Man loses paradise. In the middle of wings, it brings down the low from abundant wealth to most poor. The poem shrinks as man does from metaphysical to poor them from poor to metaphysical. Expanding wings begin with the empowerment of God. The rise is a message of Easter. The poet is a Christian.

Religion/Conflict - sin

But am betroth'd unto your enemy;/ Divorce me, untie or break that knot again

What transition is being used in line 9?

But- changes from describing Summer to the person he's writing to

Quatrain 2

COMPARES TO OTHERS -LINE 1: "wishing" (wants to be like the rich and hopeful) -LINE 2: "like him like him" (repetition to show his wants to be like his friends) -LINE 3: "art" "scope" (wants skills and knowledge, but since he doesn't have these things he's comparing himself to others which makes him feel worthless) -LINE 4: "most enjoy contented least" (the things he wants makes him unhappy since he doesn't have it)

Rood

Christ

Who does Julian think is our mother?

Christ

What vision does she have in the holy land (Jerusalem)?

Christ on the cross

What did she think her sickness was symbolic of?

Christ's pain in the Crucifixion

The Wanderer: What is the Exeter Book? Who wrote it?

Collection of manuscripts that includes pieces of the oral tradition. It was a blend of traditions, mixing pagan ideas of Fate with Christian faith in heaven. It also mixed the boasts of proud warriors with lessons about humility. Anonymous - most likely a monk

"she is all states, and all princes, I, nothing else is." "thou art everywhere"

Compares her to a celestial power He is nothing compared to her impressive might

What does she do when she thinks she is going to hell?

Confessed to priest

What does the repetition of "Adam's" suggest?

Connotes both fragility and hope intensified in "sweat" = suffering and "blood" = redemption contrast with "soul" reflects contrast between life and death

Write your own apostrophe. Decide on a personified character you would write to. Then, write a short letter to it. Your letter must meet the follow requirements: 1. It must be an apostrophe. 2. It must be written as a letter. 3. It must be at least 150 words.

Dear Darkness, You cover our houses and engulf us in the night. You hide in dark corners and cause our humans minds to be filled with fear and uneasiness. You delight in the dread you cause and smile to yourself when you feel a frightened soul walking in your midst. Your happiness comes from knowing that your appearances are not limited to when the moon is up, but also when the sun is blocked with dark clouds and rain. My advice to you is to not be so full of yourself. You cannot last forever, because the sun always manages to make you run away in the morning or after a storm. There are some that walk with light in them, the light of Jesus Christ, that are able to see through your obscurity and refuse to give into your gloom. One day, when Jesus has returned, there will be no more darkness, but only light in the world. So enjoy your time while you have it! Yours truly, Charlotte

Now, let's move on to thinking through what this poem is about. We have already learned about personification. What in this poem is being personified?

Death

What is the purpose of quatrain 2?

Development/ exploration of idea

Reword the first two lines of the poem into your own words.

Do not be proud, Death. Some have called you mighty and dreadful, but you really aren't.

Subject

Donne is upset that the night he has spent with his lover has come to an end Takes out his anger on the sun for rising.

The significance of 1st person

Drama comes from the structure. It is written in first person so the drama and feelings travel from speaker directly to the reader

Fathers of the Church(Church Fathers)

During the early centuries ofthe Church, those teachers whose writings extended the Tradition of the Apostles and who continue to be important for the Church's teachings.

Severus of Antioch, 6th century Christian Theologian

Emphasized physical structures of Christ. Willingness to see the body of Christ on the Cross. Believed infirmities of the body of Christ were human and man like. Leads to willingness to depict the body of Christ on the cross.

Explain in your own words how and why the idea of isolation would have been ideal in Renaissance England.

England would have liked the idea of isolation because they lived on a Island that made them separate from other countries. In fact, More wrote a book called Utopia at that time that talks about how great living on an island would be.

Form:

English (Shakespearean) Sonnet

Medieval Poetry

Exeter Book Elegies "The Wanderer" "TheWife's Lament" The Dream of the Rood" "Caedmon's Hymn" Middle English Lyrics

Themes in "The Wanderer"

Exile and Survival

Difference between farther and further

Farther is a degree Further is not measurable, which makes it metaphysical We are stronger because of FURTHER places To experience ecstasy and flight we must first know breakage

What is the significance of the series of definitive verbs "am", "shall", "tune", "must"?

First stanza sets a tone that portrays the inevitability of death.

How many marriages has the Wife of Bath had?

Five (5)

Theme

Flight Fly away from the physical to the meta physical The poem has a problem and a solution

Then shall the fall further the flight in me.

Flight is furthered by distance and degree by poverty of the base --- means that you have to hit rock bottom and know you hit rock bottom to rise again

Paradise Lost: Ignorance

Fruit alone is tempting - its that beautiful. eve eats fruit out of Ignorance.

General Prologue Author

Geoffrey Chaucer

WIFE OF BATH:What is the moral of the story?

Give women what they want, and everyone will be happy.

Paradise Lost: Snake

Gloze speech - make excuses for: the demeanor of Mathews is rather glozed over. • [no object] archaic use ingratiating or fawning language. eve is weak to satans glozing -eve could have glory and knowledge if she partakes. -appeals to Eves imagination, maybe Eve wants to be better or at least equal to Adam.

Stanza 1

God pours blessings onto man

Stanza 3

God says that if he keeps blessing us we will begin to adore that instead of him.

theophany

God's manifestation of himself in a visible form to enrich human understanding of him.An example is God's appearance to Moses in the form of a burning bush.

Divine Revelation

God's self-communication through which he makes known the mystery of his divine plan. Divine Revelation is a gift accomplished by the Father, the Son, and Holy Spirit through the words and deeds of salvation history. It is most fully realized in the Passion,Death, Resurrection, and Ascension ofJesus Christ.

WIFE OF BATH:How does the old hag eventually get her way? How does the knight feel while married to the hag?

He finally consents and they marry in a private ceremony. He feels miserable.

WIFE OF BATH:What must the Knight do to save his head? How long does he have to complete this mission?

He has one year and one day to tell the Queen what women desire most. All the women he asks give him different answers.

WIFE OF BATH:Why does the knight agree to marry the old woman?

He is forced to uphold his promise to do whatever she requested of him

WIFE OF BATH:Why was the knight condemned to die?

He raped a young maiden.

The Wanderer: In lines 45-49 what does the wanderer imagine?

He sees his comrades before him and greets them. They disappear without returning the greeting.

Why did Donne consider the fact that the bell might actually be tolling for him?

He was deathly ill while writing this.

Which great American author used a line from Donne's poem as the title of one of his novels?

Hemingway

What does the Wife of Bath claim is the reason she is deaf? Who is the cause of this?

Her 5th husband (Jenkin) hit her in the head after she threw his book in the fire.

The Wife's Lament: In the poem, who is keeping the couple apart?

His kinsmen

The Wanderer: What three things (at least) has the Wanderer lost?

His kinsmen, his comrades, and his life as a warrior

Freedom/Comparison - town

I, like an unsurp'd town to another due

Allusion:

Impediments: Church of England's official marriage service

structure

Is an aubade - a French song that laments the encroaching day because it signifies the end of the night, and lovers separating.

Besides the plague, what other reason would mortality rates have been an issue in this era as compared to our own?

It is true that the plague killed many people but also harsh conditions of the time were fatal to be people at that time. The medical profession did not have as many cures and treatments as we do today.

Is the Dream of the Rood true?

It might be true that someone had this religious vision, but it is almost impossible to verify.

Where does she pilgrimage to?

Jerusalem

Who is the "head" Donne refers to?

Jesus

Who was her father?

John Burnham (five time mayor of King's Lynn)

Author

John Donne

Who did she marry?

John Kemp

Religious Writings

Julian of Norwich, A Revelation of Love Margery of Kempe, the Book of Margery Kempe

WIFE OF BATH:What is the setting?

King Arthur's Britain

Alonso

King of Naples and father of Ferdinand. Alonso aided Antonio in unseating Prospero as Duke of Milan twelve years before. As he appears in the play, however, he is acutely aware of the consequences of all his actions. He blames his decision to marry his daughter to the Prince of Tunis on the apparent death of his son. In addition, after the magical banquet, he regrets his role in the usurping of Prospero.

Diction:

Latinate Mostly abstract Archaic: fixèd, writ

What are the themes of the poem, "The Wife's Lament"?

Love, exile, and sadness.

Line 14

Man worships possesions. If God gives everything to man, everyone loses. -God -Nature Rest- God keeps the remainder of blessings Let man have honor,wisdom, pleasure, but leave him wanting more

When did the visions occur?

May 13, 1373

General Notes

Metaphysical is a Latin term. - means spiritual or supernatural Shakespeare, Yeats, Coleridge, Donne, and Milton are all authors that are considered___ The author tries to justify the ways of God to man. he says it has always been this way and will always be this way.

Meter/Rhyme Scheme:

Meter: Iambic Pentameter Rhyme Scheme: ABAB CDCD EFEF GG

Not a historic poem

Much more focused on religion and ideological values.

General Notes

Must think outside the box Meta physician doesn't deny the accountability of physical Run across impurical data stronger than the unseen The more we see and accept , the more we know Easter represents the rebirth. It is a time of great excitement. The poem looks like a pair of wings.

Speaker 1

Nameless speaker (dreamer). Talks about his frame of mind. After cross talked he is reassured and that there is hope. Feels lighthearted at the end

Three Estates

Nobility—ruling aristocracy (Protect) Clergy—spiritual welfare (Pray) Peasants—working commoners (Feed)

The Wife's Lament: The poem, "The Wife's Lament" is written in ________________________ .

Old English

WIFE OF BATH:What does the group of women turn into?

One old, ugly woman

The Wife of Bath believe that women cannot keep secrets, what story does the Wife of Bath retell to prove her point?

Ovid's story of Midas

Milton

Paradise Lost Book 1-4 & 12

Margery has a vision of the ______

Passion sequence

"busie old foole, unruly Sunne, why dost thou..."

Personifies the sun as a target for his irritation, despite claiming the sun disturbed him He has clarity to his words, he doesn't want to retreat from the world.

Antonio

Prospero's brother. Antonio quickly demonstrates that he is power-hungry and foolish. In Act II, scene i, he persuades Sebastian to kill the sleeping Alonso. He then goes along with Sebastian's absurd story about fending off lions when Gonzalo wakes up and catches Antonio and Sebastian with their swords drawn.

Ariel

Prospero's spirit helper. Ariel is referred to throughout this SparkNote and in most criticism as "he," but his gender and physical form are ambiguous. Rescued by Prospero from a long imprisonment at the hands of the witch Sycorax, Ariel is Prospero's servant until Prospero decides to release him. He is mischievous and ubiquitous, able to traverse the length of the island in an instant and to change shapes at will. He carries out virtually every task that Prospero needs accomplished in the play.

Conflict

Prospero, the duke of Milan and a powerful magician, was banished from Italy and cast to sea by his usurping brother, Antonio, and Alonso, the king of Naples. As the play begins, Antonio and Alonso come under Prospero's magic power as they sail past his island. Prospero seeks to use his magic to make these lords repent and restore him to his rightful place.

Explain the line "What shall my West hurt me?"

Question could suggest either confidence or fear. Carries the reflective tone of the poem

Spoken to:

Reader

Freedom - viceroy

Reason, your viceroy in me, me should defend,/ But is captiv'd, and proves weak or untrue

Christ and tree

Referring to Anglo Saxon Culture. Christ is Hero, his apostles are called Thanes

"if her eyes have not binded thine"

Regards her as a celestial being more powerful than the sun Dependent on the sun to expose her

Alliteration

Repetition of initial consonant sounds

Miscellaneous:

Repetition of words: Love is not love alters when it alteration finds remover to remove

This does follow the Italian Sonnet shift in tone. Which lines indicate the shift in tone?

Rest of their bones, and soul's delivery. Thou'rt slave to Fate, chance, kings, and desperate men,

Paradise Lost: Conquerer

Satan is now less of a hero and more of a conquerer.

Paradise Lost: Book 4

Satans emotional state due to the fall foreshadows the fall of adam and eve and their emotions. - Pre-lapsarian - world before fall - Post-lapsarian - world after the fall - Sympathies shift to Adam and Eve in paradise - Satan, by choosing Eve, the weaker person, shows the unheroics of satan - its more cowardly

Since she was illiterate, how did she write her book?

Scribes

What does she about Christ?

She is married to him and has intimacy with him

What's the significance of the imperative "Look" in Stanza 5?

Shows authority and assertiveness

Explain what Donne means by saying that every death diminishes him.

Since Donne and all humans are part of mankind, it makes sense that every death of an individual hurts Donne and all of us in some sense because we are all connected.

Persona:

Someone who has experienced an intense, intricate love astronomic & nautical knowledge

Ferdinand

Son and heir of Alonso. Ferdinand seems in some ways to be as pure and naïve as Miranda. He falls in love with her upon first sight and happily submits to servitude in order to win her father's approval.

WIFE OF BATH:What do women want?

Sovereignty (power) over their husbands

"Lesson" of Dream of the Rood.

Story of vision of the cross. The story has cross speaking of crucifixion. Heroism of spirituality.

Why is there no stopping-point between stanza 2 and 3?

Suggestive of an underlying apprehension, or "die" "joy" perhaps considered the same thing. Harmonious acceptance of death

What does the extended conceit "I am their map" suggest?

Suggestive of fulfilment - he has followed a natural map to his destination.

What does the semantic field of discovery suggest?

Suggests every journey ends in death, death is inevitable

What's the significance of the use of "west and east"

Sun sets in the west symbolising death, and rises in the East suggesting resurrection

Quatrain 3

THINKING OF HIS LOVE MAKES HIM HAPPY AND CURES HIS SADNESS -LINE 1: "yet" (shift, realizing he can be hopeful/thankful) -LINE 2: "think" "state" (just thinking about her cures his sadness) -LINE 3: "lark at break of day arising" (sunrise, gives hope) -LINE 4: "sings" (opposite of Q1, now he's praising to heaven)

Freedom/Sex/Paradox - contradiction

Take me to you, imprison me, for I,/ Except you enthralling me, never shall be free,/ Nor ever chaste, except you ravish me

Old English

The Anglo-Saxon language spoken from approximately 450 to 1150 A.D. in what is now Great Britain.

What is the title of her book?

The Book of Showings

General Prologue Text

The Canterbury Tales

Magisterium

The Church's living teaching office, which consists of all bishops, in communion with the Pope, the bishop of Rome.

Setting

The Renaissance, An island in the Mediterranean Sea

Shakespeare

The Tempest Sonnets 18, 23, 29, 116

This site suggests two images that reflect Donne's major themes, the bell and the island. What theme do each of these images represent?

The bell represents death that every man will one day experience, while the island represents the idea that people are not isolated from one another, but rather interconnected.

Second Speaker

The cross where the crucifixion occurred. Talks about its experience through third person. Christ described in heroic terms. (virtues) The cross has sympathy for Christ. Cross felt exactly what Christ was feeling at the time of crucifixion.

Miranda

The daughter of Prospero, Miranda was brought to the island at an early age and has never seen any men other than her father and Caliban, though she dimly remembers being cared for by female servants as an infant. Because she has been sealed off from the world for so long, Miranda's perceptions of other people tend to be naïve and non-judgmental. She is compassionate, generous, and loyal to her father.

Deposit of Faith

The heritage of faith contained in Sacred Scripture and Sacred Tradition. It has been passed on from the time of the Apostles. The Magisterium takes from it all that it teaches as revealed truth.

What does she see at mass?

The host/Flooder move (goes crazy)

WIFE OF BATH:What are the two choices the old lady gives?

The knight can either choose to have her: 1. Be young, beautiful and unfaithful 2. Old and faithful

Prospero

The play's protagonist, and father of Miranda. Twelve years before the events of the play, Prospero was the duke of Milan. His brother, Antonio, in concert with Alonso, king of Naples, usurped him, forcing him to flee in a boat with his daughter. The honest lord Gonzalo aided Prospero in his escape. Prospero has spent his twelve years on the island refining the magic that gives him the power he needs to punish and forgive his enemies.

natural revelation

The process by which God makes himself known to human reason through the created world.

Main Idea

The thought of her makes his depression go away, he feels better than a king because of his love for her.

scholastic theology

The use of philosophical methods to better understand revealed truth. The goal of scholastic theology is to present the understanding of revealed truth in a logical and systematic form.

The Wanderer: What is the wanderer's situation?

The wanderer's lord has died and he is left lonely and without means to support himself

The Wife's Lament: Who is the speaker of the poem? Where is she in stanza 1?

The wife Exile

Meaning of Fall

The word "fall" has a double meaning. - the fall of Adam and the loss of paradise -the fall from abundant to poor

Stanza 4

Theme- God made us restless by keeping things from us so we'll have to go back for more The metaphysical conceit in the poem is - by being pulled down by restlessness, you are pulled up by God.

Wife of Bath

Themes: Sex as a commodity: Her motivations(Wife): sex, money, prestige.

"thy duties bee to warm the world, that's done in warming us... this bed thy center is, these walls, thy spheares."

Tone shift when he talks of love The bed that Donne occupies appears to them to be the centre of the universe, the most important thing in their lives. They exist within the sun, separated from reality and the harsh world around them.

Sacred Tradition

Traditioncomes from the Latin tradere, meaning "to hand on." Sacred Traditionrefers to the process of passing on the Gospel message. It began with the oral communication of the Gospel by the Apostles, was written down in the Sacred Scripture, and is interpreted by the Magisterium under the guidance of the Holy Spirit.

Trinculo and Stephano

Trinculo, a jester, and Stephano, a drunken butler, are two minor members of the shipwrecked party. They provide a comic foil to the other, more powerful pairs of Prospero and Alonso and Antonio and Sebastian. Their drunken boasting and petty greed reflect and deflate the quarrels and power struggles of Prospero and the other noblemen.

Quatrain 1

UNLUCKY, DEPRESSED, HOPELESS - LINE 1: "disgrace with fortune" "men's eyes" (unlucky and others look down on him - LINE 2: "all alone" (assonance, prolonged vowel sounds = alone for too long) "outcast state" (consonance, shows separation clearly) -LINE 3: "deaf heaven" "bootless cries" (empty prayers, God's not listening - praying signifies that he was taught to believe in God, but his depression is so severe that he lost his faith) -LINE 4: "curse my fate" (unlucky)

Stanza 2

When the pitcher is almost out of blessings, God stopped. He knew that the greatest blessing was rest, but he stopped.

WIFE OF BATH:What is the point of the story Midas?

Woman can't keep secrets.

context

Written at a time of uncertainty for Donne - he had lost his post as Secretary to the Lord Keeper and was an exile from the political world that had previously been his home. Sense of loss and detachment translates in his poems - worried to also see his lover leave etc.

Which phrase best summarizes the main concept of "the island"?

You cannot exist on your own.

The Wanderer: What element of Anglo-Saxon lyrics consisted of rhythmic breaks in the middle of lines where the reciter could pause for breath?

a caesura

metaphysical conceit

a comparison of two strikingly different things- one concrete, one abstract

anchorite/anchoress

a hermit who pledges his or her life to prayer and contemplation. During the Middle Ages, they lived in small enclosed rooms attached to a church, where they could be spiritual counselors for the people of the area

Epic catalogue

a long, detailed list of objects, places, or people that is characteristic of epic poetry

speaker

a man in love going away - John Donne

Microcosm

a miniature world or universe; a group or system viewed as the model of a larger group or system

Sonnet

a poem of fourteen lines using any of a number of formal rhyme schemes, in English typically having ten syllables per line.

The Wanderer: What is an elegy?

a poem of serious reflection, typically a lament for the dead.

Iambic pentameter

a poetic meter that is made up of 5 stressed syllables each followed by an unstressed syllable

paradox

a seeming contradiction

Metaphysical Conceit

a strained comparison from something physical to something spiritual - it takes something Earthly to make something supernatural

Affective piety

a style of highly emotional devotion to the humanity of Jesus, particularly in his infancy and his death, and to the joys and sorrows of the Virgin Mary.

What is the rhyme scheme?

abab cdcd efef gg

You should notice that this is an Italian Sonnet, but has some variation to it. One of those variations is the rhyme scheme. What is the rhyme scheme of this sonnet?

abbaabba cddcef

When the word "catholic" is used with a lower case 'c', what does it mean?

all-inclusive

The Wife's Lament: Which literary device is used frequently within this poem?

alliteration

Mead hall

an Anglo-Saxon central meeting place in which a lord entertains thanes with mead and feasting.

When will every book "lie open to one another"?

at the judgement

Though Donne often wrote on the topic of death and mortality, why is he not considered a morbid writer?

because he always discussed it in light of heaven

Significance of "(and I am one)"?

caesura/parenthesis - a reminder of the conceit and recognition the he is gravely ill and coming to his end

Paradise Lost: ingratiating

charming or flattering

extended metaphor with a complex logic that governs a poetic passage or entire poem

conceit

What is the significance of the semantic field of music in the first stanza?

connotes, praise, worship and harmony implying his acceptance of death

Why are the last two lines set apart?

couplet

Tone

depressed, hopeless

Was her writing in the church liked or disliked?

disliked, because she is a woman

structure and form

dramatic monologue devotional renaissance poem rebellion and submission Iambic tetrameter different line lengths erratic rhyme scheme alternative rhyme and rhyming couplets random form bulk of poem = quotes of a voice last 2 lines = what God says to him and his response is 'fierce and wild' structure irrational and irregular no discernible pattern arbitrary pun of 'the collar' The title is a play on words. Most obviously a collar is something you put on an animal to restrain it, just as Herbert feels restrained by an unknown master. Collars are also used as part of harness for animals pulling heavy loads. The word sounds like another word 'choler', which is an old medical term for anger, or that which produces anger in the body, as in the word 'choleric'. It certainly is an angry poem, written before Herbert did seek ordination, but maybe at a time when that seemed the only career still open to him, as it did to John Donne.

"Love, all alike, no season knowes"

eternal love for her able to exist in a cocoon of their love away from the outside world

The Wanderer: Who is the wanderer weary of?

exile

What are the blessed Trinities properties?

fatherhood (might), motherhood (wisdom), lordship (love)

Speaker's Attitude

feels unlucky, shamed, and jealous of those around him

Religion/Comparison - attempts

for you/ As yet but knock, breathe, shine, and seek to mend

personification

giving non-living things living traits

How does Julian see all of creation?

hazelnut

According to Julian, how does God view creation?

he made it, he loves it, he keepeth it

Why does she see Christ as our mother?

he strains and gives birth to salvation

audience

his wife whom he loves

What is it called when each line has 10 syllables, 5 unstressed and 5 stressed (alternating)?

iambic pentameter

Conceit

if you pull something down something will rise

Romance

in general, a story in which an idealized hero or heroine undertakes a quest and is successful.

Mood:

inspired, longing for love the persona desribes

Couplet

just remembering his love makes him feel better than a king

Theme

love is more powerful than wealth, knowledge, and skill

When Donne refers to God as the author, what literary device is he using?

metaphor

Themes

nature love metaphysical

Conflict/Comparison - plosive

o'erthrow me, and bend/ Your force to break, blow, burn, and make me new

words that sound like what they mean

onomatopoeia

frustration - loss of freedom - lack of outcome ('harvest')

opens with dramatic suddenness I vowels = about himself and his frustration, assonance 'the board' the table 'no more!' syndetic listing 'leave thy and dispute' 'forsake thy cage' 'tie up thy fears' 'no harvest but a thorn' lexical set of 'cable' 'rope' 'cage' 'tie' The main theme concerns the conflict between submission to God and the desire for personal freedom. The trouble is that the constraints seem here to be from within the poet. he speaker is complaining about the constraints of living a moral and virtuous life. restricted by moral code culminated in decision to abandon his duties feels enslaved by his duties abrupt and aggression catharsis His sighs 'did dry', and his tears 'did drown' the wine and corn, which echo in the bread and wine of communion. Wine and corn are also metonymies of plenty and joy, now 'all blasted/All wasted'. 'Thy death's head' is an emblem of conscience as well as symbolising deathward thoughts. These thoughts are also imaged by 'thy cage/Thy rope of sands'.

using contradiction in a manner that oddly makes sense

oxymoron

Why is the final line significant?

paradox - acknowledges that there will be suffering before the resurrection to eternal life

What is the purpose of the final couplet?

present a final truth/ provide closure

What is a four-line stanza called?

quatrain

allusion

referring to something with out specifically naming it

According to Donne, what prized job were all of the clergy fighting for?

ringing the morning bell

The Wife's Lament: The mood of the poem is _________________

sadness; sorrow

Metaphysical conceit

sets up an analogy between one entity's spiritual qualities and an object in the physical world and sometimes controls the whole structure of the poem

purpose

she doesn't have to be sad when he leaves because they are in love

How many visions did she have?

sixteen

apostrophe

speaking to an imaginary character as if it existed

What does Donne believe brings us closer to God?

suffering and misery

What is being described after line 2?

summer

Active

taking action; full of movement

Who is more lovely and more temperate?

the person he is writing to

What two things are compared in the opening question?

the person he is writing to and a summer's day

What is "this" referring to in the final line?

the poem

Why will the person's "eternal summer never fade" even after death?

the poem will last

The Wanderer: The kenning "whale's home" stands for

the sea.

Volta

the shift or point of dramatic change in a poem

How is personification used?

the sun's complexion, the sun as the eye of heaven, death bragging

Contemplative

thoughtful, reflective, meditative

According to Donne, how are people "translated"?

through death

What is wrong with summer?

too hot, too short, windy, rainy/cloudy, changes frequently from good to bad

What is the purpose of quatrain 3?

transition (change in tone)

"goe chide" "go tell" "call" "why shouldst thou thinke?"

treats the sun like his servant to command

Blank verse

verse without rhyme, especially that which uses iambic pentameter.