Test 1 Retake - Business Management

Research has found that ____ people tend to be higher performers in a variety of jobs. A. extroverted B. introverted C. conscientious D. open E. all of the above

conscientious

____ is the process of screening out information that we are uncomfortable with or that contradicts our beliefs. A. person job fit B. selective perception C. perceived reality D. complementary congruence E. objective reality

selective perception

As discussed in class and in the textbook, according to equity theory, people A. have the motivation to improve their standard of living B. have the motivation to develop satisfying relationships C. compare what they get from a job with what they want from a job D. want to be treated fairly E. want everything to be equal

want to be treated fairly

Consider the role plays we did in class and the textbook's definition for this question. George believes that he was promoted and given a raise based upon his hard work on the job. George has A. authoritarianism B. machiavellianism C. an internal locus of control D. an external locus of control E. self efficacy

an internal locus of control

How people explain the causes of their own as well as other people's behaviors and achievements is called ___________. A. attribution B. projection C. indiscriminate perception D. selective perception E. stereotyping

attribution

In class we discussed the criteria for good/effective managerial communication by examining real communication (expressed in writing and orally) by Howard Shultz, the former CEO of Starbucks. In the letter and video, Shultz said that under no circumstances should a Starbuck's employee confront those who chose not to adhere to his respectful request. In doing this he was incorporating which of the following criterion of effective communication? A. providing feedback B. decoding C. being correct D. being concise E. being complete

being complete

When a manager conveys a message, explicitly noting that something is important, and highlighting that information in bold, he or she is using which element of the communication process? A. channel/medium richness B. decoding C. encoding D. feedback

encoding

____ theory assumes that people are motivated to work toward a goal if they want that goal and think they can achieve it. A. expectancy B. perception C. attribution D. equity E. reinforcement

expectancy

No longer laughing at a coworker's inappropriate jokes so that he will stop telling them is an example of ____________. A. positive reinforcement B. extinction C. negative reinforcement D. punishment E. classical conditioning

extinction

In class we discussed the criteria for good/effective managerial communication by examining real communication (expressed in writing and orally) by Howard Shultz, the former CEO of Starbucks. In the letter, Shultz addressed is letter with the salutation: Dear fellow Americans. In doing this he was incorporating which of the following criterion of effective communication? A. channel richness B. being clear C. being complete D. having goodwill E. being correct

having goodwill

According to Herzberg, _____________ factors includes things such as pay, status, and working conditions that produce an acceptable work environment and whose absence leads to dissatisfaction. A. acceptability B. motivation C. engagement D. happiness E. hygiene

hygiene

High Type As have ______ patience than Type Bs and are ______ likely to over-schedule themselves. A. less, less B. neither more nor less, equally C. more, more D. less, more E. more, less

less, more

Mangers should place individuals with a _______ tolerance for ambiguity in well-defined and regulated tasks. A. low B. medium C. high D. any of these E. none of these

low

As discussed in class, wearing a seatbelt in a car can help save a life. Knowing this, car manufacturers often have a recurring audible reminder (like a dinging sound) to fasten the seat belt when a driver gets in a vehicle and starts the ignition. Removal of current or future unpleasant consequences to increase the likelihood that someone will repeat a behavior is called _____________. A. punishment B. positive reinforcement C. extinction D. negative reinforcement E. classical conditioning

negative reinforcement

Cassey is relatively calm, poised, and secure. Cassey's boss is more anxious, insecure, and reactive. Cassey and her boss differ in their level of which personality trait described in the Big Five personality framework? A. locus of control B. machiavellianism C. openness D. neuroticism E. self efficacy

neuroticism

George is loyal and has an attachment to the organization where he works. He feels he is a true member of the company. George is demonstrating ____. A. organizational citizenship B. job satisfaction C. job involvement D. job identification E. organizational commitment

organizational commitment

Mario is one of the top salespeople at a BMW dealership. As a vegan, Mario doesn't like the fact that many of the BMW's he sells have leather seats. Still, he is good at this job and motivated by the opportunity to sell high quality vehicles. This is because this is a good ___________________________ for Mario. A. person organization fit B. person job fit C. person vocation fit D. person group fit

person job fit

Hank has always been a social person, and he enjoys working with people. Pressured by his parents to pick a "real" major, he got a degree in chemistry and now spends every day at work alone in a dank lab. Peter is regretting his decision to go into science as a career because he has very little social contact. This is an issue regarding _____________________. A. person organization fit B. person vocation fit C. person job fit D. person group fit

person vocation fit

Based on Maslow's hierarchy, ____ needs are the most basic requirements (largest and most fundamental rung) that people possess. As discussed in class, organizations offer a base salary and lunch breaks because they realize that employees have needs in this area. A. self actualization B. security C. growth D. physiological E. esteem

physiological

A person's ____________________ is an indicator of his or her efficiency and is measured in terms of the products or services created per unit of output. A. productivity B. turnover C. cost effectiveness D. absenteeism E. profitability

productivity

If a hiring manager is interviewing someone who reminds him of himself when he was just starting out, he may assume that the candidate also shares his values, work ethic, and abilities. This is an example of what phenomenon? A. that contrast effect B. first impression bias C. the halo effect D. stereotyping E. projection

projection

Pay attention to the underlined portion of the following question. In class, Dr. Butler talked a lot about perception from chapter 4 because perception (which can be faulty) is linked to attitude and behavior in the workplace. To demonstrate this, students had a homework assignment to watch a brief clip of the move, Monster in Law, and identify perceptions and behaviors that were going on in that workplace. When the network executives (management) perceived that the award-winning TV host, Viola, was older, and so they believed that she couldn't relate to a younger audience *because they could not*, and they therefore made a decision to replace Viola with a younger host, without even talking with Viola- This series of perception, attitude, and behaviors, stared with the executives' perception error/distortion of______________________ regarding Viola. A. halo effect B. projection C. self serving bias D. selective perception

projection

As discussed in class and in the textbook, in the communication process, if a person stops listening because he/she feels that he/she knows more than the sender of the message, this is a type of A. encoding B. decoding C. non richness of channel/medium D. psychological noise E. physical noise

psychological noise

Cutting the work hours of low performing employees so that they do not receive as much pay is an example of __________. A. classical conditioning B. positive reinforcement C. punishment D. negative reinforcement E. extinction

punishment

Pay attention to the underlined portion of the following question. In class, Dr. Butler talked a lot about perception from chapter 4 because perception (which can be faulty) is linked to attitude and behavior in the workplace. To demonstrate this, students had a homework assignment to watch a brief clip of the move, Monster in Law, and identify perceptions and behaviors that were going on in that workplace. After the network executives told the award-winning TV host, Viola, that she was being replaced as TV host, Viola then had her last interview with a very young guest on the TV show. In her last interview as host, *Viola began to say to the young guest that she was too young to know what was in the newspaper, and she wouldn't know how to vote, or make other significant decisions.* This series of perception, attitude, and behaviors, stared with Viola's perception error/distortion of______________________ regarding the young guest A. halo effect B. contrast effect C. stereotypes D. projection

stereotypes

What term refers to forming oversimplified beliefs about an individual or a group based on the idea that everyone in that particular group will behave the same way? A. indiscriminate perception B. selective perception C. bigotry D. stereotyping E. projection

stereotyping

As discussed in the textbook and in class, a moderate degree of workload-related stress can A. stimulate energy and motivation B. weaken the physical system C. result in apathy D. increase anxiety E. overload the nervous system

stimulate energy and motivation

Consider the four fundamental managerial skills discussed in class and in chapter one to answer this question, An real estate broker who can calculate mortgages and monthly payments on a new property for a client has strong A. human skills B. interpersonal skills C. diagnostic skills D. technical skills E. conceptual skills

technical skills

To demonstrate some of the characteristics of teams in organizations, Dr. Butler led us through a "pen" excerise in class, where students came up with uses for a pen. This exercise demonstrated ____________. A. that team work can take longer than individual work B. that the productivity of a team can far exceed the productivity of an individual C. that team work produces fewer creative ideas D. that team work is more advantageous in athletic organizations than traditional business organizations

that the productivity of a team can far exceed the productivity of an individual

Performance is a function of motivation, ability, and ______. A. management B. the environment C. goals D. power E. nothing else

the environment