Test 1 Revel Questions

A forestry company wants to carry out a sustainable harvest from a forest in the Pacific Northwest and needs to establish how many trees can be sustainably harvested. Which of the following statements describes a scientifically valid approach to answer this question. A. Measure how many trees naturally regenerate each year, and then make sure the harvest removes no more than the number of trees that would naturally regenerate. B. The only scientifically valid answer to this question is that no trees can be removed because it is not possible to sustainably remove trees from a forest C. Measure the number of trees in the forest, and divide the total number of trees by the number of years that the harvest will take place to come up with an average annual estimate of forest removal. D. Harvest trees for several years, and then measure the number of forest animals that are still living in the forest

A

A scientist is said to be "uncertain" when they ___________ A. are less than 100% certain B. have model results that do not reflect known data about the system under study C. receive many comments during the peer-review process D. are more uncertain than certain - he/she is more certain than certain- he/she is pretty sure that his/her hypothesis is incorrect-he/she is less than 100% certain

A

All of the following are characteristics of tropical and subtropical dry broadlead forests except ____ A. biological diversity that is limited by drout B. dominated by deciduous trees C. threatened by deforestation and overgrazing D. seasonal wet and dry seasons

A

Environmental Science often focuses on the study of complex systems. What does this mean for the generation of scientific theories related to environmental problems. A. A scientific theory can be generated in environmental science, but many studies must be conducted and these studies must provide support for the theory. B. Scientific theories are common in environmental science because theories are created as explanations for the behavior of complex system. C. It is virtually impossible to generate a scientific theory related to the environment because of the inherent uncertainty associated with environmental data. D. Scientific theories are more common in the hard sciences, such as physics because hypotheses in environmental science are too difficult to test.

A

Environmental science is the study of ________________ of the environment. A. Interactions between the biological, chemical, and physical components B. Chemical components C. Biological components D. Physical components

A

Fossils generally form in what kind of rock? A. Sedimentary B. Igneous C. Molten lava D. Metamorphic

A

Locations that are classified as being in the same biome must ____. A. share similar climates and plant types B. be on the same continent C. have similar topographic features, such as mountains D. be at similar distances from the equator

A

One way to measure the efficiency of agricultural production is by determining how much solar energy is used to produce the food products people consume. In other words, it takes a certain amount of sunlight to produce one calorie of food, so food that requires more sunlight per calorie is less efficient than food that requires less sunlight per calorie. Considering the data shown in the table, which of the following countries would have the most efficient diet? A. India B. The United States C. Brazil D. China

A

Pseudoscience is _______________. A. not published in peer-reviewed journals B. an alternative form of science that is becoming more popular in the scientific community C. science carried out by people without college degrees D. valid if its findings are supported by a scientist with a PhD

A

The fossil record indicates the occurrence of how many mass extinction events? A. 5 B. 8 C. 23 D. 3

A

Today's global extinction rate is ______ time greater than Earth's background extinction rate. A. 100 to 1,000 B. 17 to 80 C. 2 to 5 D. 5 to 10

A

What is the role of creativity in science? A. - Scientists are not supposed to be creative because creativity is subject to human emotions and desires, and scientists are supposed to be objective. B. Scientists must be creative in order to get the statistical results that support their hypothesis. C. Scientists must be creative in order to design appropriate experiments and think critically about unexpected results. D. Scientists must be creative in order to design experiments that will give them the results that they predict.

A

When a natural ecosystem is converted into a crop field, how are ecosystem services affected? A. Supporting services are reduced in exchange for an increase in provisioning services B. Provisioning services are reduced in exchange for an increase in cultural services C. All ecosystem services are severely reduced D. Provisioning services are reduced in exchange for an increase in all the other services

A

Which areas of the world tend to have the greatest species richness? A. Areas near the Equator B. Remove areas throughout the world where humans have not impacted the environment C. The world's oceans D. Areas of rapid speciation where recent glaciation has occurred

A

Which of the following accurately describes current trends in biodiversity and crop production? A. Crop diversity has declined, as have populations of pollinators]B. Humans have increased the diversity of crops used for food production in an attempt to offset the loss of global biodiversity B. Humans have increased the diversity of crops used for food production in an attempt to offset the loss of global biodiversity C. Populations of pollinating insects have declined globally. However, most of our food crops do not require pollination, so our food production would remain largely unaffected by the loss of pollinators D. We have increased the diversity of crops used for food by genetically engineering crops that do not require pollinators

A

Which of the following groups comprises the largest group of known species on the planet? A. Insects and their kin B. Vertebrates C. Spiders and their kin D. Fungi

A

Which of the following would be an emergent property of a prairie? A. The formation of thick, fertile soils B. The need for water C. The soil, the plants, and the earthworms living in the prairie D. The dominant big bluestem, grasses

A

Which of the following would be considered a regulating service? A. Flood control B. Camping C. Soil formation D. Crop production

A

Which of the following would be considered a supporting service? A. Nutrient cycling B. Crop production C. Climate regulation D. Flood control

A

a biodiversity hotspot is ______. A. a threatened habitat that has high levels of species diversity and a large number of endemic species B. an area with high levels of ecotourism C. a volcanic region characterized by the formation of mountainous islands far from a continental mainland D. an area, such as Yellowstone National Park, with a greater than average amount of geothermal activity near the surface of the Earth

A

Which of the following are examples of an ecosystem? (Select the three correct answers.) A. Microbial species living in the war environment of your hair B. A forest growing on the side of a mountain C. Populations of predators and their prey D. A species of fish living in a large lake in northern Minnesota E. The Sahara Desert and the plants and animals that survive there F. The temperature and moisture that make life possible in an area

A, B, E

Name the primary ways that energy from the sun is transformed and lost from in an ecosystem A. Heat B. Photosynthesis C. Respiration D. Reflected Light E. Evapotranspiration

A, C, E

Using the figure below and what you know about the tree of life, which of the following statements are TRUE? (Select the two correct answers.) A. Modern versions of the tree of life are based on genetic similarities among organisms B. Members of the domains BActeria, Eukarya, and Archaea have no common ancestor among them C. Protists are more closely related to Archaea than they are to plants because they evolved before multicellular life. D. The organisms within each domain are more genetically similar to each other than they are to the organisms in other domains

A, D

Which of the following are major fertilizer nutrients? (Select the three correct answers.) A. Phosphorus (P) B. Oxygen (O) C. Iron (Fe) D. Potassium (K) E. Nitrogen (N)

A, D, E

Which of the following statements about flooded grasslands and savannas are TRUE? (Select the two correct answers.) A. They are threatened by conversion of land for livestock grazing and agricultural development. V. They are threatened by seasonal flooding C. They are dominated by a few species and have low biological diversity D. They are found on all continents except Africa E. They are vulnerable to water pollution

A, E

Which of the following accurately describes the movement of oxygen in an ecosystem? A. Oxygen is released into the atmosphere during photosynthesis B. Oxygen is released into the atmosphere during cellular respiration C. Oxygen moves from the atmosphere into an ecosystem during cellular respiration D. Oxygen moves from the atmosphere into an ecosystem during cellular respiration

A.

All of the following are characteristics of broadlead and mixed forests except ____ A. soils rich in organic matter B. freeze-tolerant plants C. dominated by deciduous trees D. warm temperatures

B

All of the following are characteristics of montane grasslands and shrublands except A. high elevation B. nutrient-rich soils C. cold winters D. supports large numbers of grazing animals

B

All of the following threaten temperate grasslands and shrublands except ____. A. invasive species B. deforestation C. overgrazing D. conversion for agriculture

B

Explain what is wrong with the following statement: Giraffes have developed long necks over many generations because they keep stretching thigher and higher to reach the highest leaves on trees. A. You can't really "stretch" a neck B. Traits, such as long necks, are developed over many generations thruh the process of natural selection; they are not the result of a lifetime of activity C. Giraffes actually have long necks becasue they have to reach the ground when they drink water. D. There is nothing wrong with the statement

B

If there were 100 million species on Earth, how many species might wee reasonably predict to become to become extinct annually assuming background extinction rates? A. 100-1,000 species B. 10-100 species C. 1 million species D. 1-10 species

B

Of the following, which is the best research hypothesis for the question, "Does flower color affect how attractive the flowers are to bees?" A. Bees are attracted to flowers because they can drink the nectar and eat the pollen, and by visiting flowers, they help the flowers pollinate each other. B. Light colored flowers will attract more bees than dark colored flowers. C. Bees can see light-colored flowers better than dark colored flowers. D. Flower odor has a greater effect on attraction by bees than does flower color

B

Some writers have described places such as D.C. as "ecosystems". They focus heavily how humans interact with their environment, such as how people benefit from the network of rivers and green spaces running through the city. Are these writers correct when they describe this kind of an environment as an ecosystem? A. Yes, these writers are using creative freedom despite the fact that the word ecosystem in a scientific sense only refers to networks of non-human species B. Yes, the human-environment interaction is often an important component when describing an ecosystem C. No, ecosystems must be made up of natural features, and the stream networks and parks in Washington D.C. are almost completely man-made D. No, in order to consider something an ecosystem, the interactions between plants and animals must be a primary consideration

B

What would you need to know to estimate when a fossilized fish lived? A. How large the whole fossil is B. The characteristics of the rock in which the fossil was found C. Whether or not you can extract genetic material from the fossil D. What type of modern fish looks most like the fossilized fish

B

Which of the following is a major threat to the Mediterranean forest, woodland, and shrubland biome? A. Global climate change B. Urban development C. Flooding D. Agricultural development

B

Which of the following soils would generally be best for growing crops? A. A soil consisting entirely of sand particles B. A soil consisting of equal amounts of silt, sand, and clay particles C. A soil consisting entirely of silt particles D. A soil consisting entirely of clay particles

B

Which of the following would be considered a provisioning service? A. Regulation of climate B. Fuel wood C. Flood control D. Tourism

B

Which of the following would be considered a renewable resource? A. Uranium B. Cattle C. Coal D. Aluminum

B

Why does the Amazon rain forest generally have higher species diversity than temperate North American rain forests? A. Most species simply prefer warm temperatures to cold temperatures. B. The temperature has been relatively stable over long periods of time in the tropics (where the Amazon rain forest is located) in comparison to other areas of the world. C. There is more land areas in the Amazon in comparison to other rain forests, so it has room for more species. D. Globally, people spend more money on conserving species in the Amazon rain forest than in other rain forests

B

Which of the following are commonly used to identify a plant or animal species? (Select the three correct answers.) A. They are in the same genus B. They have the same physical traits, such as leaf shape and flower type. C. They have the same genome, which is different from the genome of other species D. They can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. E. They share at least 75% of the DNA

B, C, D

Which of the following statements accurately describes how traits are passed to future generations? (Select the two correct answers.) A. Both genetic traits and traits acquired during an organism's lifetime can be passed down to their offspring. B. Only traits that are the result of genetics can be passed down to the next generation because an organism's genes are he biological material that parents passe down to offspring. C. Since traits can be influenced by factors other than genetics, genes are not the only way that traits can be passed down. D. Traits acquired during an organism's lifetime cannot be passed down to the next generation because only genetic material is passed to the next generation. E. Traits acquired during an organism's lifetime can be passed down to the next generation because traits can undergo mutation and be passed down.

B, D

A gene is a sequence of compounds found within what kind of molecule? A. Protein B. Ribonucleic acid C. Deoxyribonucleic acid D. Carbohydrate

C

A scientific theory is best described as a(n)- hypothesis that has not yet been thoroughly tested A. hunch B. hypothesis that has not yet been thoroughly tested C. widely-supported scientific explanation D. educated guess

C

All of the following are characteristics of tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests except ____. A. wet and warm year-round B. high plant and animal diversity C. found only in Africa and South America D. contain many types of deciduous trees

C

All of the following are found in tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands except ____. A. sunlight B. grazers C. freeze-tolerant plants D. large predators

C

All of the following are major causes of biodiversity loss except _______. A. habitat destruction B. the introduction of invasive species C. the collection of animals for zoos D. air and water pollution

C

All of the following are major threats to the mangrove biome except A. modification of river flow B. urban development C. toxic salt water D. water pollution

C

An activity that is sustainable is best described as one that ____________________. A. does not involve resource extraction or produce pollution B. does not negatively impact the lives of others C. can be carried out indefinitely into the future D. is a net activity (does more good than harm)

C

Desert biomes are found on every continent except Antarctica. These deserts would share all of the following characteristics except ____. A. dominant plant types B. annual precipitation C. altitude D. animal adaptations

C

Domain Eukarya includes all of the following except _______. A. slime molds B. fungi C. bacteria D. humans

C

Imagine walking into a store and seeing an advertisement stating a new product is produced sustainably and will cause no harm to the environment. If you were to go about testing the validity of these claims for a class, which of the following would be a good approach? A. Examine the scientific peer reviewed literature to see if you can find evidence supporting the claims. B. Call the company and ask them if they have data showing their product is sustainable. C. Call the company and ask them for the documentation of the claim, evaluate the documentation to see if the claim is based on peer reviewed research, and then determine whether that research was funded by the company. D. Call a competing company and ask them for any information they have that might contradict the claims made by the company you are investigating.

C

Mathematical and computer models are often used in environmental science. Which of the following is an accurate statement about the usefulness of these models? A. Models are the only way to examine the dynamics of complex ecological or physical systems. B. Models are best used as supporting evidence for scientific theories generated from observational data. C. Models are one of several ways that environmental science can test hypotheses that are otherwise too complex to examine in experiments. D. These models are useful but cannot generate peer-reviewed research and therefore cannot contribute to the generation of scientific theories.

C

Migration of organisms contributes to which of the following causes of evolution? A. Genetic mutation B. Natural Selection C. Gene flow D. Genetic drift

C

On a piece of scratch paper, create a graph of the data shown in the table. Which one of the following hypotheses best matches the pattern you see in the data? A. There is no way to conclude anything from such a small set of data. B. It is impossible too generate a hypothesis without a detailed statistical analysis of the data. C. The impact on human health increases with the amount of pollution. D. The quantity of pollution is affected by health impacts

C

One argument that is often made about rising CO2 levels is that they will stimulate plant growth, and the plants will absorb the extra CO2 from the atmosphere. What is wrong with this argument? A. The increase in growth will only benefit places that currently have sparse plant growth; the places that already have a lot of plant growth will not actually change much with an increase in CO2 B. Plants produce CO2; they do not usually take it in from the atmosphere C. Nutrients also constrain plant growth, so an increase in CO2 alone will not drastically change plant growth rates D. CO2 does not stimulate plant growth. Only oxygen can stimulate plant growth

C

The species of what organisms are best characterized by genetic analysis? A. Animals B. Plants C. Microorganisms D. Mammals and birds

C

To be valid, a scientific observation needs to be ______________. A. performed by multiple researchers to make sure the observations were not made up B. performed in a controlled laboratory setting C. accurate and repeatable D. performed over a period of several years accurate and repeatable

C

Weathering involves the breakdown of ____. A. decaying organisms B. sugar during respiration C. bedrock D. soil

C

What is wrong with the graph shown here? A. The data should be graphed as a bar graph. B. The number of insects in a trap should have nothing to do with what day it is. C. The axes are switched, since what day it is does not depend on how many insects are in a trap D. There needs to be a line connecting the points.

C

Which of the following best illustrates quantitative data? A. Whether you like this class B. Your dorm room number C. Your IQ D. Your gender

C

Which of the following is an example of evolutionary change? A. A farmer breeds two corn plants together that are tall and have hardy stalks. The next season, the plants from these seeds grow taller and hardier than the other corn plants in the field. B. Two muscular weightlifters have a child together who gets both their "muscular genes" and is more muscular than either of the parents. C. In a certain population of birds, the birds with larger beaks are better able to eat the hard seeds that are abundant in their environment. These birds survive and produce offspring with large beaks. Over time, the population has a larger proportion of birds with large beaks. D. A a snake slithers across a sandy desert for many years, the rough sand causes its scales to thicken like calluses -- a trait that can be passed on to its young to make them stronger in the next generation.C

C

Which of the following is the major cause of biodiversity loss on Earth's oceans? A. Habitat loss B. Invasive species C. Overexploitation D. Pollution

C

Which of the following is the major cause of biodiversity loss on land? A. Pollution B. Overexploitation C. Habitat loss D. Invasive species

C

Which of the following roles do plants play in an intact ecosystem? A. The presence of plant roots tends to increase erosion B. Plants create energy from carbon dioxide and water C. Plants provide energy to ecosystems in the form of sugars D. Plants convert sunlight into heat energy for use by other organisms

C

Which of the following statements about ecosystems is true? A. Most ecosystems on our planet are relatively free of human influences B. Human-dominated landscapes are no longer classified as ecosystems C. The concept of an ecosystem can be applied to human-dominated landscapes D. Human activities are heavily regulated in areas classified as ecosystems in order to minimize impacts

C

Which of the following statements is true? A. Animals that look similar to each other can always interbreed and produce fertile offspring, and therefore are always classified as one species. B. Plants that look different can never interbreed with each other. C. Organisms that are similar in appearance generally have genomes that are more similar than organisms that look quite different. D. Two organisms can have genomes that care completely differently and yet be the same species.

C

Which one of the following best describes the scientific peer review process? A. Other scientists oversee the collection of data for an experiment to verify that a researcher is not making up results B. A scientist's friends vouch for the scientist's honesty in order for their research to be published. The results are checked to see if they are statistically meaningful. C. Scientists anonymously evaluate the research of another scientist. D. Editors of the scientific journal check to see if the researcher has a good reputation in their field.

C

You should be skeptical of scientific claims if ________________. A. you don't want to believe them or do not think they can possibly be true B. the person making the claims has no financial stake in the matter C. they have not been published in peer-review journals D. they are supported by findings of several studies

C

________ is the process by which geographic isolation results in the formation of multiple species from a common ancestor. A. Isolationism B. Genetic drift C. Speciation D. Gene flow

C

_____________ experiments are those that involve the use of observations on a group that receives the same manipulations as the treatment group except for the one factor being studied or varied A. Accurate B. Observational C. Controlled D. Manipulative

C

which of the following are you unlikely to find in a boreal forest? A. Conifers B. Freeze-tolerant trees C. Warm temperatures year-roundd D. Hibernating animals

C

Why are models often used in environmental science? (Select the two correct answers.) A. Models are used to study systems that would be too expensive to manipulate. B. When a scientist isn't confident about their hypothesis, they will often use a model to confirm the hypothesis C. Models allow environmental scientists to study complicated systems where many different processes are occurring simultaneously D. Mathematical models are used to help make decisions by predicting how conditions may change over time.

C, D

Which statements about mutations and natural selection are true? (Select the three correct answers.) A. Mutations generally result in genes that have beneficial effects on organisms B. Most genetic mutations have a large effect on the organisms. C. Offspring that inherit mutations that increase the likelihood of survival and reproduction are more likely to pass the mutation on to their offspring. D. Without mutations in genes, there would be no variation in traits that could be selected for. E. Genetic mutations are changes to the DNA sequence in a gene.

C, D, E

Which of the following are plant macronutrients? (Select four correct answers) A. Hydrogen (H) B. Zinc (Zn) C. Nitrogen (N) D. Phosphorus (P) E. Potassium (K) F. Calcium (Ca)

C, D, E, F

"Our Common Future," written by Brundtland Commission, attempted to ___________. A. place restrictions on development that used resources in an unsustainable manner B. spread wealth and resources more evenly across the globe in order to alleviate perceived economic inequities C. classify countries into categories according to their wealth and level of industrialization D. evaluate environmental impacts of industrialization and encourage more sustainable paths for economic development

D

A species classified as _______ by the IUCN is likely to become endangered unless threats to its existence are reduced. A. extinct B. critically endangered C. extirpated D. vulnerable

D

All if the following are components of an ecosystem except ____ A. sunlight B. organisms C. nutrients D. All of these are components of an ecosystem

D

All of the following are characteristics of temperate coniferous forests except ____ A. dominated by trees with needlelike leaves B. average temperatures above freezing C. plants adapted to fire D. warm, stable temperatures year-round

D

All of the following are characteristics of tropical and subtropical coniferous forests except ____ A. drought-tolerant plants B. plants with needle-like leaves C. warm year-round D. freeze-tolerant plants

D

Biodiversity is a measure of the diversity of life at what levels? A. Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order family, genus, and species B. Molecular, cellular, chemical, and physical C. Ecological, biological, chemical, and physical D. Genetic, species, and ecosystem

D

Evolutionarily speaking, which of the following groups of organisms appeared most recently? A. Bacteria B. Archaea C. Prokaryotes D. Eukaryotes

D

Mass extinction events are characterized by the disappearance of 20% of the ________ in the fossil record. A. organisms B. animals C. species D. genera

D

Some water treatment plants have large areas of wetlands surrounding the facilities that receive the discharge from the plant. These wetland plants absorb some of the contaminants from the water. Which of the following statements best describes the type of ecosystem service that the water treatment plant is utilizing in this case? A. Supporting services, because the plants support the goal of water treatment plant (to create more freshwater) B. Cultural services, because using natural methods of water filtration in addition to industrial methods is highly promoted in American culture C. Provisioning services, because the plants provide the water treatment plant with something that would not otherwise exist D. Regulating services, because the plants are regulating what types of pollutants enter their environment by absorbing them

D

The data shown in the table were collected by an environmental scientist interested in the effects of pollution on human health. Based on this data, which one of the variables should be plotted as the dependent variable? A. Pollution quantity B. Neither variable should be plotted as the dependent variable until the scientist's hypothesis has been confirmed. C.Either variable could reasonably be plotted as the dependent variable. D. Health impact

D

The process of mineralization is performed by ___. A. plants B. rocks C. animals D. decomposers

D

There are numerous satellites that circle Earth generating images of the planet and measuring the composition of the atmosphere. Is this important information to environmental science and, if so, why? A. No, it is not important to environmental science, but it is important for making decisions about how to respond to human impacts on land and in the oceans. B. Yes, this information is important because observation of change is the only legitimate way to do environmental science C. No, these observations are not important to other areas of research such as atmospheric chemistry, oceanography, and geography. D. Yes, this is important information to environmental science because these observations provide the information needed to generate hypotheses.

D

Water would flow most quickly through which of the following soils? A. A soil consisting entirely of silt particles B. A soil consisting entirely of clay particles C. A soil consisting of equal amounts silt, sand, and clay particles D. A soil consisting entirely of sand particles

D

What is the role of statistics in science? A. Statistics are used to ensure that data collected in an experiment are accurate and reliable. B. Statistics are used to assemble data into a form that will create results in an experiment. C. Statistics are used to prove that a theory is true, in a way that will be accepted by other scientists. D. Statistics are used to determine whether results of an experiment represent meaningful mathematical differences.

D

What is wrong with the graph shown here? A. The line should go in the upward direction, since carbon dioxide is increasing in the atmosphere B. There should not be a line connecting the points, since we do not know what the concentrations are between the points on the graph C. The axes are switched, since time is the independent variable D. Technically nothing in terms of how it is constructed, but it doesn't show a long enough time period to be able to draw valid conclusions about carbon dioxide trends at the observatory

D

What major impacts did photosynthetic bacteria have on Earth's atmosphere? A. They began to release harmful bacteria into the atmosphere, which now make humans very sick. B. They began to produce CO2, which is now contributing to global climate change. C. They began to take in sunlight and consequently trap heat in the atmosphere. D. They began to produce oxygen, which accumulated in the atmosphere.

D

Which of the following about evolution is true? A. The genes of an individual can evolve as the individual ages. B. Both populations and individual organisms in the populations C.Individual organisms can evolve, whereas populations remain genetically stable from one generation to the next. remain genetically stable from one generation to the next. D. Populations evolve, but individual members of the population do not.

D

Which of the following best describes genetic drift? A. The phenomenon that occurs when two people from different families spend a good deal of time together and begin to act similarly B. A process through which genes from one plant drift with pollen to another plant, causing a mutation in the next generation of the second plant. C. The result of any adaptation that is successful passed on to the next generation. D. A random change in the genetic makeup of a population

D

Which of the following can be used to help untangle patters in complex data sets? A. Feedback analysis B. Experiments C. Observations D. Statistics

D

Which of the following groups of organisms has the greatest percent of species at risk of extinction today? A. Mammals B. Birds C. Insects D. Plants

D

Which of the following is a major threat to the desert and xeric shrubland biome? A. Flooding B. Conversion to cropland C. Deforestation D. Urban developmentd

D

Which of the following is a major threat to the tundra biome? a. Agricultural development B. Deforestation C. Urban development D. Global climate change

D

Which of the following would be considered a cultural service? A. Crop production B. Water purification C. Flood control D. Rock climbing

D

Why are plants typically limited to one nutrient? A. Tissues require a lot more nitrogen than any other element. B. In most locations, there is practically no nitrogen available C. Some nutrients, such as phosphorus, can only be acquired from the soil D. Nutrients are used to make tissue structures, and at any point in time, one nutrient will be in the shortest supply compared to the others

D

Why do rainforests on different continents have similar types of trees? A. The first plants to colonize a region begin a series of species interactions that only allow certain species to survive in that region B. Temperature determines the types of species interactions that are possible, which then determine the species in a community C. Plants in tropical regions have had more time to evolve because the climate is similar to the hot climate that was present for most of Earth's history D. Regions with similar temperature and precipitation exert similar selective force on the organisms in that region

D

Nutrients that limit plant growth in Temperate and Northern Latitude Terrestrial

Nitrogen (N)

Nutrients that limit plant growth in Fresh Water Ecosystems

Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P),

Nutrients that limit plant growth in Tropical Terrestrial Ecosystems

Phosphorus (P), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg)

Nutrients that limit plant growth in Open Ocean Ecosystems

Phosphorus (P), Iron (Fe)

Plants use the sun's energy to power _____________, which makes sugars using __________ from the atmosphere and produces ________. Both plants and animals use organic carbon to power their cells during __________, which uses O2 from the atmosphere and releases _________.

photosynthesis, CO2, O2, cellular respiration, O2, CO2

A _____ feedback loop occurs when part of a system responds to a change in a way that intensifies that change. A _____ feedback loop occurs when part of a system responds to a change in the way that reduces the change. Identify the type of feedback loop in each of the following scenarios Heat in the atmosphere results in greater evaporation, which increases cloud cover. The Heat in the atmosphere results in greater evaporation, which increases cloud cover. The could reflect more energy away from Earth, which cools the atmosphere. This is an example of a _____ negative feedback loop. Heat in the atmosphere leads increased melting of ice, which increases the amount of dark, bare soil. The dark soil absorbs energy that was previously reflected by ice, and the heat radiating from the soil increases the heat in the atmosphere. The is an example of a _____ feedback loop

positive, negative, negative, positive

During the construction of a new housing development, a stream is diverted into a concrete ditch. This disrupts that natural purification of the stream water, which is a _________ service. It also destroys the educational and recreational values of the stream, which are ______ services. Water flowing from the new concrete ditch supplies a municipal water treatment plant. This increases the amount of water available to town resident, which is a ________ service. Meanwhile, because the water temperature in the concrete ditch is higher than it was in the stream, it no longer serves as a suitable habitat fro most fish and aquatic plants. This causes the loss of the _______ services that the stream provides

regulating, cultural, provisioning, supporting