test 2 103

which represents a primary characteristic of an autism spectrum disorder? a. normal social play b. consistent imitation of others actions c. lack of social interaction and awareness d. normal verbal and nonverbal communication

C a primary characteristic of an autism disorder is a lack of social interaction and awareness. social behaviors include a lack of or abnormal social play. additional characteristics include a lack of or impaired verbal communication and markedly abnormal nonverbal communication

nurse-patient collaboration should occur at each stage of the nursing process a. true b. false

a

the ANA code of ethics for nurses specifically addresses the importance of collaboration a. true b.false

a

a client has reported that crying spells have been a major problem over the past several weeks and that the doctor said depression is probably the reason. the nurse observes that the client is sitting slumped in the chair, and the clothes that the client are wearing do not fit well. the nurse interprets that further data collection should focus on what? a. weight loss b. sleep patterns c. medication compliance d. onset of the crying spells

a all the options are possible issues to address, however, the weight loss is the first item that needs further data collection because ill fitting clothing could indicate a problem with nutrition. the client has already told the nurse that the crying spells have been a problem. medication or sleep patterns are not mentioned or addressed in the question

Interrelated concepts regarding patient attributes and preferences that a nurse would consider when addressing patient education include which concept? a. Adherence b. Health promotion c. Quality d. Technology

a Adherence, culture, developmental level, family dynamics, and motivation are considered interrelated concepts regarding patient attributes and preferences. Interrelated concepts regarding the professional role of a nurse include health promotion, leadership, technology and informatics, quality, collaboration, and communication.

A patient does not make eye contact with the nurse and is folding his arms at his chest. Which aspect of communication has the nurse assessed? a. Nonverbal communication b. A message filter c. A cultural barrier d. Social skills

a Eye contact and body movements are considered nonverbal communication. There are insufficient data to determine the level of the patient's social skills or whether a cultural barrier exists.

Formal patient education courses or classes would be the most appropriate strategy in which situation? a. Address needs common to a group. b. Explain self-directed learning. c. Describe nursing interventions. d. Respond to questions of a patient's family.

a Group needs are often the focus of formal patient education courses or classes. Self-directed learning refers to an educational activity completed independently from the nurse or other health care providers. Describing nursing interventions with formal patient education courses or classes is not the most appropriate strategy, because most patient education is done by nurses during the explanation of an intervention, and that is a spontaneous, one-to-one activity. Formal courses or classes are not the most appropriate strategy to address a patient's or a family's questions; from a time perspective, it is not appropriate to have the patient or family wait for a class.

When planning the evaluation of a teaching activity that has the goal of educating a patient and family about the long-term effects of diabetes, it would be most appropriate for the nurse to include which opportunity for the patient? a. Ask questions. b. Inject insulin. c. Meet exercise goals. d. Prepare a menu.

a The evaluation should match the goal. In this scenario, the goal is related to long-term effects, so providing an opportunity for the patient and family to ask questions gives the nurse information about their understanding of the content and allows the nurse to evaluate the cognitive and affective impacts of the teaching. Opportunities to inject insulin, meet exercise goals, and prepare a menu would be strategies to assess psychomotor domain learning, and this is not the goal of the teaching activity.

The nurse is assessing a family composed of a married couple with three children, one from the wife's previous marriage and two from the union of this couple. This couple would be considered what type of family? a. Married-blended family b. Nuclear family c. Same-sex family d. Single-parent family

a This family is a married-blended family with one child from the wife's previous marriage and two children from the union of this couple. A nuclear family refers to the traditional male and female core family with one or more children. A same-sex family is one where two individuals of the same sex have an established relationship and commitment; this may be referred to as a homosexual couple or family, but the preferred term is same-sex family. A single-parent family refers to a family with one adult and one or more children.

which behaviors observed by the nurse might lead to suspicion that a depressed adolescent client may be suicidal? a. the client gives away a DVD and a cherished autographed picture of the performer b. the client runs out of the therapy session swearing at the group leader then runs to her room c. the client gets angry with her roommate when the roommate borrows her clothes without asking d. the client becomes angry while speaking to her on the phone and slams the phone down on her bed

a a depressed, suicidal client often gives away that which is of value as a way of saying goodbye and wanting to be remembered. the other options identify acting out behavior

the LPN is working on a pediatric unit and is assigned to care for a 10 year old boy who has leukemia. the client is no longer eating or drinking, oral needs have been discontinued because the client is unable to swallow them and urine output is negligible. the physician expects that the client will expire with in the next 24 hours. the client is semi-conscious and is moaning. facial grimacing is also apparent. the client BP is low and his breaths are 8 per minute. the parents are asking the LPN to administer an opioid because the client is moaning and appears to be in pain. what should the PLN do? a. administer the prescribed PRN medication b. refuse to administer the narcotic because giving the medication could further decrease the clients respiratory rate c. give half the prescribed pain medication d. ask the client's parents if they are aware that giving the narcotic could kill their son

a all clients have the right to be pain free and to die with dignity. the nurse should administer the medication regardless of whether the pain medication will decrease the clients respirations. the nurse has an ethical duty to the client, and opioids should not be held with the fear of hastening death.

a nurse is reinforcing medication teaching with a client who has major depressive disorder and a new prescription for amitriptyline. which of the following information should the nurse include? a. you might experience constipation while taking this medication b. your BP might increase while taking this medication c. weight loss is a common adverse effect of this medication d. increased salivation is an expected adverse effect of this medication

a constipation is a common adverse effect of amitriptyline. the nurse should instruct the client to increase the amount of daily fluids and foods high in fiber

the sickle cell gene is most prominent in which ethnic back ground? a. african american b. eastern european c. asian d. native american

a med surg 360

a LPN is caring for a patient who is received a transfusion of packed RBCs. which assessment finding does not require the nurse to stop the infusion immediately? a. temp increase of 0.5 degrees b. patient complains of itching c. low back pain d. SOB and wheezing

a med surg 361

blood may be administered with what type of IV fluid? a. 0.9% normal saline b. D5W c. D5 0.45% normal saline d. 0.45% normal saline

a med surg 361

the nurse observes that a client is psychotic, pacing, and agitated and is making aggressive gestures. the clients speech pattern is rapid and the clients affect is belligerent. based on these observations the nurses immediate priority of care is which? a. provide safety for the client and other clients on the unit b. provide the clients on the unit with a sense of comfort and safety c. assist the staff in caring for the client in a controlled environment d. offer the client a less-stimulating area to calm down and gain control

a safety of the client and other clients is priority. option a is the only option that addresses the client and other clients safety needs.

a manic client announces to everyone in the day room that a stripper is coming to perform that evening. when the psychiatric nurse's aid firmly states that the clients behavior is not appropriate, the manic client becomes verbally abusive and threatens physical violence to the nurses aid. based on the analysis of this situation, the nurse determines that the appropriate action should be which? a. escort the manic client to his or her room b. orient the client to time, person, and place c. tell the client that the behavior is not appropriate d. tell the client that smoking privileges are revoked for 24 hours

a the client is at risk for injury to self and others therefore should be escorted out of the dayroom. option 4 may increase the agitation. orientation will not halt the behavior. telling the client that the behavior is inappropriate has already been attempted by the aid.

a client experiencing a severe major depressive episode is unable to address activities of daily living. the appropriate nursing intervention is which? a. feed, bathe, and dress the client as needed until the client can perform these activities b. offer the client choices and consequences to the failure to comply with the expectation of maintaining activities of daily living c. structure the clients day so that adequate time can be devoted to the clients assuming responsibility for the activities of daily living d. have the clients peers confront the client about how the noncompliance in addressing activities affects the milieu

a the client with depression may not have the energy or interest to complete activities of daily living. often severely depressed clients are unable to perform even the smallest ADLS. the nurse assumes these roles and completes them for the client. options b and c are incorrect because the client lacks the energy and motivation to perform these tasks independently. option d is incorrect because it will increase the clients feelings of worthlessness.

a nurse in an acute mental health facility is assisting with the admission of a client who has major depressive disorder and anxiety disorder. which of the following actions is the nurses priority? a. placing the client on one to one observation b. assisting the client in performing ADLs c. encouraging the client to participate in counseling d. reinforcing teaching with the client about medication adverse effects

a the greatest risk for the client is self harm, so one to one observation is priority. a client with MDD can need assistance completing ADLs, the nurse should encourage the client to participate in counseling, and the client should know about the adverse effects, but these are not priority.

a nurse is preparing a child with leukemia for bone marrow biopsy. in which position should the nurse place the child? a. lateral decubitus with the top knee flexed b. supine position c. prone position d. reverse trendelenburg's position

a usually the bone marrow is aspirated in children from the posterior iliac crest. the client should be positioned in the lateral decubitus position with the top knee flexed.

a nurse is discussing the routine follow up needs with a client who has a new prescription for valproic acid to treat bipolar disorder. the nurse should provide written instructions to the client about the need for routine monitoring if which of the following? a. liver function b. thyroid function c. RBC count d. serum electrolytes

a valproic acid is an anti-epileptic medication that is used in the treatment of bipolar disorder to manage rapid cycling. routine monitoring of liver function and ammonia levels is necessary due to the risk for hepatotoxicity while taking valproic acid

the goal of therapy for a child with autism spectrum disorder is: select all that apply a. positive behavior modification b. maximize ability to live independently c. observe communication milestones d. design strict discipline measures for behavior problems

a, b, c Strict discipline is not an approved approach for children with ASD. Positive behavior modifications that enable the child to live independently are essential for progress and monitoring communication abilities should be routine to assess progress.

a nurse in an acute mental health facility is caring fro a 35 year old female client who has manifestations of depression. the currently smokes and has a history of chronic asthma. which of the following factors put the client at risk for depression? select all that apply a. age b. sex c. history of chronic asthma d. smoking e. being married

a, b, c, d depressive disorders are more prevalent in adults between the age of 15-40, twice as common in women than men, in clients with chronic illnesses, and who have a substance abuse disorder. depressive disorders are more common in clients who are unmarried

how do health professionals communicate a readiness to collaborate? select all that apply a. being physically available b. engaging in active listening c. coming to the table with an agenda d. displaying interest in others ideas

a, b, d

which of the following statements are true regarding collaboration? select all that apply a. collaboration often refers to working with others in an intellectual endeavor b. collaboration in nursing is done to achieve the best possible patient, family, and community outcomes c. the concept of collaboration is well defined d. collaboration implies joint responsibility for patient outcomes

a, b, d

a nurse is providing medication information to a client who has bipolar disorder and a new prescription for lithium. the nurse should instruct the client to report which of the following manifestations of lithium toxicity to the provider? select all that apply a. diarrhea b. polyuria c. rash d. muscle weakness e. weight loss

a, b, d manifestations of lithium toxicity are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, polyuria, fine tremors of the hand, muscle weakness, hyperirritability of muscles, and ataxia occurs

a nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has rapid cycling bipolar disorder and a new prescription for carbamazepine. which of the following information should the nurse reinforce in the teaching? select all that apply a. blood test will be done weekly during the first several months of treatment b. you should not drink alcohol while taking this medication c. you will be more alert while taking this medication d. refrain from taking monoamine oxidase inhibitor medications for several days after starting this treatment e. do not abruptly discontinue this medication

a, b, d, e carbamazepine causes elevation in liver enzymes which causes medications to be metabolized faster. the client should avoid drinking alcohol. the client should taper off this medication not stop abruptly. the client should not take MAOIs within 14 days of taking carbamazepine

a nurse is reviewing the medication records of several clients who have bipolar disorder. the nurse should identify that which of the following medications are mood stabilizers used to treat bipolar disorder. select all that apply a. lamotrigine b. lithium c. donepezil d. valproate e. carbamazepine

a, b, d, e lamotrigine, carbamazepine, and valproate is an anticonvulsant medication which is also effective as a mood stabilizer for clients who have bipolar disorder. lithium is a salt that acts on the CNS and is used to prevent acute mania, as well as maintenance in clients with bipolar disorder.

a nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has major depressive disorder and a new prescription for imipramine about indications of toxicity. which of the following findings should the nurse expect? select all that apply a. seizures b. agitation c. urinary hesitancy d. dry mouth e. irregular pulse

a, b, e manifestations of toxicity include cardiac, autonomic, and neurologic manifestations. manifestations include confusion, hallucinations, seizures, and coma

a nurse is reinforcing teaching with the parents of a child who has autism spectrum disorder and a new prescription for imipramine about indications of toxicity. which of the following should the nurse include? select all that apply a. seizures b. agitation c. photophobia d. dry mouth e. irregular pulse

a, b, e seizures, agitation, and irregular pulse are indications of TCA toxicity

The nurse is having a therapeutic conversation with a patient who is newly diagnosed with hypertension. Which communication techniques will most likely prove effective for this newly diagnosed patient? Select all that apply. a. The nurse presents a laminated poster to the patient that depicts pictures of foods that would be on the low sodium diet. b. The nurse and patient engage in a humorous conversation about the top ten "what not to eat when you are being treated for hypertension". c. The nurse gives the patient a sheet full of information and asks the patient to read the information and let the nurse know if they have any questions. d. The nurse states the risk factors and statistics of patients who do not take their medications as prescribed. e. The nurse helps the patient identify weight loss goals that are reasonable. f. The nurse waits until the patient has been awake for a few hours before beginning the teaching plan.

a, b, e, f Effective communication has clarity and is goal-directed. Engaging techniques such as humor, visual props, and waiting for the patient to be more alert will increase the therapeutic interaction. Providing the patient with written materials is important; however, there is no way to gauge the effectiveness of the teaching and does not guarantee that the patient has read the information. It would be useful to implement the teaching plan and supplement the teaching with a handout at the end of the session to reinforce the teaching. Stating the consequences of not taking the medications is a scare tactic and may result in defensiveness or closed communication.

A nurse mentor is explaining the benefits of collaborative practice to a nurse new to a facility. Which of the following research-based benefits is the nurse likely to identify as positive outcomes of collaboration? Select all that apply. a. Decreased length of stay for patients b. Decreased staff resignations c. Decreased use of pain medications d. Increased reimbursement from insurance carriers e. Increased patient follow-up appointments after discharge f. Increased job satisfaction of the staff

a, b, f Documented positive outcomes from collaboration include a shortened length of stay, increased job retention and decreased staff turnover, increased job satisfaction for registered nurses, and improved problem-solving skills. Identified research has not demonstrated less use of pain medication, increased reimbursement, or better follow-up by patients after discharge.

Exemplars of negative/dysfunctional family dynamics include Select all that apply. a. codependency. b. divorce/remarriage. c. marital infidelity. d. sibling rivalry. e. traumatic injury of a family member.

a, c, d Codependency, marital infidelity, and sibling rivalry are exemplars of negative/dysfunctional family dynamics. Divorce/remarriage and traumatic injury of a family member are exemplars of changes to family dynamics.

which nursing interventions are appropriate for a hospitalized client with mania who exhibiting manipulative behavior? select all that apply a. communicate expected behaviors to the client b. ensure that the client knows that he or she is not in charge of the nursing unit c. assist the client in developing means of setting limits on personal behavior d. follow through about the consequences of behavior in a nonpunitive manner e. enforce rules and inform the client that he or she will not be allowed to attend therapy groups f. be clear with the client regarding the consequences of exceeding limits set regarding behavior

a, c, d, f interventions for dealing with the client exhibiting manipulative behavior include setting clear, consistent, and enforceable limits on manipulative behaviors. being clear with the client regarding the consequences of exceeding limits set, follow through with the consequences in a nonpunitive manner, and assisting the client in developing means of setting limits on personal behaviors. enforcing rules and informing the client that he or she will not be allowed to attend therapy group are violations of clients rights. ensuring that the client knows that he or she is not in charge of the nursing unit is inappropriate, power struggles need to be avoided.

a nurse is reinforcing teaching with a school age child who has ADHD and his parents about lisdexamfetamine. which of the following information should the nurse include? select all that apply a. an adverse effect of this medication is CNS stimulation b. administer the medication 1 hour before bedtime c. monitor BP while taking this medication d. therapeutic effects of this medication will take 1-3 weeks to fully develop e. this medication raises the levels of dopamine in the brain

a, c, e an adverse effect of this medication is CNS stimulation which causes insomnia and restlessness. this medication can cause fluctuations in BP, so monitoring BP is necessary. this medication does raise the levels of dopamine in the brain. this medication should be given in the morning to prevent insomnia. therapeutic effects of this medication begin immediately and last 10-12 hours.

A nurse is explaining why collaboration is valued to a new nurse during her orientation to the unit. Which of the following outcomes is a key patient care outcome that occurs when collaboration is correctly used? a. Governmental accrediting agencies give more favorable reviews to the agency. b. There are fewer errors that occur in patient care. c. Agencies can offer higher salaries due to the cross-training of staff. d. Ongoing education is not needed, because other specialties contribute to care decisions.

b Collaboration results in fewer errors in patient care due to the interactions between health providers of all disciplines and patient involvement in planning. A positive accreditation review benefits the agency directly and the patient only indirectly. Collaboration is not the same as cross-training, and ongoing education is an expectation of all professions.

a blood loss of _______ mL may cause hypovolemic shock in an adult who had normal circulating volume? a. 250 b. 500 c. 750 d. 1000

b Med Surg 343

A patient states that everything has been going great; however, the nurse observes the patient biting his nails and fidgeting. What type of communication does the nurse recognize from the patient's actions and statements? a. Linguistic b. Paralinguistic c. Explicit d. Inadequate

b Mixed messages involve the transmission of conflicting or incongruent messages by the speaker. The patient's verbal message that all is well in the relationship is modified by the nonverbal behaviors denoting anxiety. Data are not present to support the choice of the verbal message being clear, explicit, or inadequate.

The geriatric nurse practitioner preparing to assess an 84 year old whose daughter is concerned about her ability to live alone would complete a a. developmental assessment. b. functional assessment. c. life experiences survey. d. recent life changes questionnaire.

b The nurse would complete a functional assessment of an individual's ability to carry out activities of daily living (ADLs) such as basic activities of daily living (BADLs) or instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). The focus of the assessment to address the daughter's concern should be function, not overall development. The life experiences survey is aimed at identifying those in need of guidance relative to stress and coping, as is the recent life changes questionnaire.

The nurse planning to assess the function of a family would ask a. Who lives with you? b. Who does the grocery shopping? c. Who are the members of your family? d. How old are the members of your family?

b The question "Who does the grocery shopping?" would provide information about family functioning and how individuals actually behave in relation to one another. The question "Who lives with you?" would provide information about the structure of the family. The question "Who are the members of your family?" provides information about the structure of the family. The question "How old are the members of your family?" would provide information about family development.

a nurse is caring for a client who has bipolar disorder and a new prescription for lithium. the client states that he wants to take ibuprofen for osteoarthritis pain relief. which of the following statements should the nurse make? a. that is a good choice. ibuprofen does not interact with lithium b. aspirin would be a better choice than ibuprofen c. lithium decreases the effectiveness of ibuprofen d. the ibuprofen will make you lithium level fall too

b aspirin is recommended as a mild analgesic rather than ibuprofen die to the risk of lithium toxicity

the nurse is caring for a client with severe depression. which activity is appropriate for this client? a. a puzzle b. drawing c. checkers d. paint by number

b concentration and memory are poor in a client with severe depression. when a client has a diagnosis of severe depression the nurse needs to provide activities that require little concentration. activities that have no right or wrong choices or decisions minimize opportunities for the client to put down himself or herself. the nurse can also process the clients feelings by sitting with the client and talking or encouraging the client to write in a journal

the nurse is discussing with the parent of a child risk factors fro ADHD. which of the following should the nurse include? a. formula feeding as an infant b. history of head trauma c. history of post term birth d. child of a single parent

b history of head trauma is a risk factor for ADHD. formula feeding, post term birth and single parent are not risk factors for ADHD.

a nurse is caring for a school age child who has a new prescription for atomoxetine. for which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor for? a. kidney toxicity b. liver damage c. seizure activity d. adrenal insufficiency

b liver damage is an adverse effect of atomoxetine. atomoxetine causes urine retention not kidney toxicity. atomoxetine causes suicidal ideations not adrenal insufficient. seizure activity is not an adverse effect of this medication

nursing care of the patient in an acute sickle cell crisis is aimed at: a. administering IV antibiotics to prevent infection b. adequate pain management c. good skin care to prevent skin breakdown d. walking the patient to prevent a DVT

b med surg 351

when caring for a child with hemophilia, which assessment finding should the nurse immediately report to the physician? a. the child is experiencing anorexia b. the child has discomfort from joint pain c. the child's mood is somewhat depressed d. the child has developed nasal congestion

b mild to severe joint pain indicates bleeding into the joint, which can lead to joint deformities or destructions. hemophiliacs with symptoms suggestive of bleeding need immediate medical attention

a nurse is collecting data from a 4 year old child to monitor for manifestations of autism. for which of the following manifestations should the nurse monitor? a. impulse behavior b. repetitive counting c. destructiveness d. somatic problems

b repetitive actions and strict routines are an indication of autism. impulse is related to ADHD. destruction and somatic problems are not related to autism.

a nursing assistant is assigned to care for a 5 year old child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. which of the following nursing assistant actions indicate that additional teaching is needed? a. the NA performs oral care using a sponge type brush b. the NA assesses the clients temperature rectally c. the NA maintains protective isolation precautions d. the NA places a sheepskin under the bony prominences

b temperature assessment by the rectal route is avoided when a child has leukemia because of the danger of causing injury and bleeding

a nurse is providing information for a client with major depressive disorder who is to undergo electroconvulsive therapy. which of the following is a side effect of ECT that may be experienced by this client? a. loss of appetite b. temporary loss of memory after treatment c. postural hypotension d. complete amnesia related to past episodes of abuse

b the electrical energy to the cerebral cortex during ECT results in a temporary confusion after treatment

a nurse is reinforcing teaching with the parents of a child who has autism spectrum disorder and a new prescription for desipramine. the nurse should instruct the parents that which of the following adverse effects is the priority to report to the provider? a. constipation b. suicidal thoughts c. photophobia d. dry mouth

b the greatest risk to this client is suicide risk. desipramine can cause suicidal thoughts. the client is at risk for constipation, dry mouth and photophobia, but it is not the priority.

a nurse is caring for an infant whose screening test reveals that he might have sickle cell disease. which of the following tests should be performed to distinguish if the infant has the trait or the disease? a. sickle solubility test b. hemoglobin electrophoresis c. CBC d. transcranial doppler

b the hemoglobin electrophoresis should be performed. the sickle solubility tells if there is abnormal hemoglobin. a CBC tests for anemia. and a transcranial doppler is performed to assess intracranial vascular flow

a nurse is reinforcing teaching with the parents of a child who has ADHD about methylphenidate. which of the following instructions should the nurse include? a. crush the tablet and mix with fruit juice b. administer the last dose before 4 pm c. expect the child to gain weight while taking the medication d. administer the medication at least 2 hours before meals

b the nurse should instruct the parents to give the medication 4 hours before bedtime to reduce insomnia. do not crush the tablets. weight loss and loss of appetite are normal with this medication. this medication should be taken with food to reduce GI effects.

a nurse is caring for a client who has bipolar disorder. the client states "i am very rich and i feel i must give my money to you." which f the following responses should the nurse make? a. why do you think you need to give money away? b. i am here to care for you i cannot accept money c. i can request that your case manager discuss local charity options for you d. you should know that giving your money away is not allowed

b this statement is therapeutic for a client who has bipolar disorder. asking a why question is not therapeutic. C does not address the possibility of poor judgement. D offers disapproval which can be interpreted as aggressive

you are assessing a new admission with leukemia. you have asked her about her symptoms and she replies, among other things she is very tired. you are concerned that this may endanger her because: select all that apply a.she will not have the energy to socialize, and because most patients with leukemia are children this will interfere with her development b. the fatigue will put her at risk for increased falling and because most people are with leukemia are older than 60 she is already at increased risk c. the fatigue could put her at risk for falling asleep while driving d. fatigue is a sign that the leukemia is most likely incurable

b, c Most people diagnosed with leukemia are over 60. This means your patient is probably over 60 and the fatigue presents a real concern for falling and possibly falling asleep at the wheel. Since fatigue is a usual symptom of leukemia it does not have prognostic value. (1) Most people diagnosed with leukemia are over 60. (4) Fatigue is not related to whether the cancer is curable.

a nurse is reinforcing instruction to the teacher of a child who has ADHD. which of the following classroom strategies should the nurse recommend? select all that apply a. eliminate testing b. allow for regular breaks c. combine verbal instruction with visual cues d. establish consistent classroom rules e. increase stimuli in the environment

b, c, d allowing fro regular breaks, combining verbal and visual cues, and consistent rules will help the child with ADHD be successful. allowing for added time on a test can be successful for a child with ADHD, dont take testing away. stimuli will distract the child, so it needs to be decreased.

a nurse is reinforcing teaching with a group of middle school teachers about classroom strategies for children who have ADHD. which of the following information should the nurse plan to discuss with the teachers? select all that apply a. teach academic subjects in the afternoon b. allow for regular breaks c. combine verbal instruction with visual cues d. establish consistent classroom rules e. decrease the amount of homework assigned

b, c, d, e allowing for regular breaks will allow the child with ADHD to focus on the required tasks. combining verbal instruction with visual cues will assist the client with ADHD with learning information. providing consistent classroom rules will assist children with ADHD to be more successful in the classroom. decreasing the amount of homework and classwork can assist the child with ADHD to feel less over whelmed

a nurse is collecting data from a 10 year old client who has major depressive disorder. which of the following findings should the nurse expect? select all that apply a. fear of being alone b. substance abuse c. appetite changes d. irritability e. aggressiveness

b, c, d, e substance abuse, appetite changes, irritability, and aggressiveness are expected findings of depression. solitary play or work rather than being alone is expected with major depressive disorder

a nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who has bipolar disorder and is experiencing a manic episode. which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan? select all that apply a. provide flexible client behavior expectations b. offer concise explanations c. establish consistent limits d. disregard client complaints e. use a firm approach with communication

b, c, e offering concise explanation improves the clients ability to focus and comprehend the information. establishing consistent limits decreases the risk of client manipulation. using a firm approach promotes structure and minimizes inappropriate client behavior.

a nurse is collecting data from a client who has major depressive disorder. the nurse should identify which of the following client statements as a covert comment comment about suicide? select all that apply a. my family will be better off if im dead b. the stress in my life is too much to handle c. i wish my life is over d. i dont feel like i can ever be happy again e. if i kill myself then my problems go away

b, d these statements identify a problem but do not talk about suicide. covert comments dont talk about suicide. overt comments would talk about suicide

a nurse is reinforcing teaching about relapse prevention with a client who has bipolar disorder. which of the following information should the nurse include? select all that apply a. use caffeine in moderation to prevent relapse b. difficulty sleeping can indicate a relapse c. begin taking medication as soon as relapse begins d. participating in psychotherapy can help prevent a relapse e. anhedonia is a clinical manifestation of a depressive relapse

b, d ,e the client should be aware that sleep disturbances could indicate a relapse. the client should participate in psychotherapy to prevent relapse. the client should be aware of manifestations of relapse which anhedonia is (anhedonia- depressive characteristic that indicates relapse). caffeine can precipitate a relapse. take prescribed medication to prevent relapse.

a nurse is reviewing teaching with an adolescent client who is to begin taking atomoxetine for ADHD. the nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following adverse effects? select all that apply a. somnolence b. yellowing skin c. increased appetite d. fever e. malaise

b, d, e yellowing skin, fever, and malaise are all potential indicators of hepatotoxicity.

what is the best reason more schools of nursing are integrating interprofessional courses that focus on collaboration? a. so nurses can understand all of the other professional roles involved in health care b. so nurses can distinguish between the various communication processes utilized by individual health care professional roles c. to facilitate mutual respect, understanding, and commitment to common goals, joint problem solving, and collegial communication d. to understand the relationships health care professionals develop to enhance patient care and safety

c

which type of collaboration has the goal of forming a partnership between a team of health providers and a patient in a participatory, collaborative, and coordinated approach to share in a decision making about health and social issues a. nurse patient collaboration b. intraprofessional collaboration c. interprofessional collaboration d. interorganizational collaboration

c

a nurse is assisting with the admission of a 25 year old client who has a new diagnosis of dysthymic disorder. which of the following findings should the nurse expect? a. wide fluctuations in mood b. report of minimum of 5 clinical findings of depression c. presence of manifestations for at least 2 years d. inflated sense of self esteem

c manifestations of dysthymic disorder last for about 2 years in adults. wide fluctuations of moods is in bipolar disorder. MDD contains a minimum of 5 manifestations. a decreased self esteem is is associated with dysthymic disorder

Which of the following statements made by a mother would raise concerns about a developmental delay? a. "My 3 month old raises her head and chest when lying down." b. "My 7 month old transfers blocks from one hand to the other." c. "My 7 month old never seems to smile." d. "My 1 year old seems shy or anxious with strangers."

c A 7 month old who never seems to smile would be a concern. The lack of smiling could be related to a number of developmental issues, including vision and hearing. By the end of 3 months, a child begins to develop a social smile, and by the end of 7 months, a child enjoys social play. A 3 month old is expected to raise her head and chest when lying down. A 7 month old is expected to be able to transfer blocks from one hand to the other. By the end of 1 year, a child is often shy or anxious and may experience what is referred to as separation anxiety.

A child uses two- to four-word sentences. The nurse interprets this data as expected development for a child the age of a. 2 months. b. 1 year. c. 2 years. d. 3 years.

c A child of 2 years is expected to say several single words and use simple phrases and two- to four-word sentences. A child of 2 months may begin to babble and imitate some sounds. A child of 1 year is paying increasing attention to speech, babbles with inflection, and usually says "dada" and "mama". A child of 3 years is expected to understand most sentences and use four- to five-word sentences.

Two female adults have an established long-term relationship and are attending parenting classes in anticipation of finalizing the adoption of their first baby. This couple demonstrates understanding of potential effects on family dynamics when making which statement? a. "Our relationship with one another will not be affected." b. "Any stress will finally be over once the baby arrives." c. "Communication may be a challenge since we'll be busier." d. "Codependency is important to support each other."

c Addition of children, whether by birth, adoption, or blending families, increases the complexity of interactions in a family, introduces stress, and provides the potential for growth and maturation. Communication and interactions between family members are affected with the addition of new family members. Addition of any new family may place added stress on the relationship of the couple. Codependency refers to the dependence on another individual, usually family member, who actually contributes to negative behaviors, such as substance abuse.

Which of the following behaviors by a nurse indicates the effective use of collaboration with other professionals? a. Strongly defends own professional role b. Avoids conflict c. Negotiates with others d. Aggressively presents a personal view of a situation

c Conflicts may arise during collaboration, requiring the skill of negotiation. Strongly defending the professional role does not allow for input from other disciplines. Avoiding conflict does not allow proper representation of the nursing role. Collaboration should be based on professional roles, not personal views.

a nurse is reinforcing teaching to a newly licensed nurse about the use of ECT for the treatment of bipolar disorder. which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates understanding? a. ECT is the recommended initial treatment for bipolar disorder b. ECT is contraindicated for clients who have suicidal ideations c. ECT is effective for clients who are experiencing severe mania d. ECT is prescribed to prevent the relapse of bipolar disorder

c ECT is appropriate for the treatment of severe mania. pharmacological treatment is recommended before ECT. ECT is effective for people who have bipolar disorder and suicidal ideation. ECT is prescribed for a person going through an acute phase not a relapse.

Which of the following statements by a nursing student demonstrates an understanding of collaboration? a. "Collaboration is a new way of interacting with physicians." b. "Collaboration means that the care team can make all of the decisions for the patient." c. "Collaboration with patients has been used by nurses throughout the history of nursing." d. "Collaboration is an outdated concept that has been replaced by managed care."

c History shows that from the time of Florence Nightingale, nurses have worked with patients to assess their needs and wants. Collaboration with fellow care providers such as physicians is not a new concept; it is becoming more prevalent. To correctly use collaboration, the team does not make decisions without including the patient.

The mother of a 2 year old asks the nurse about her child's cognitive development. The best response of the nurse is that her child a. is beginning to think intuitively. b. is using magical thinking. c. can solve concrete problems. d. is using abstract thinking.

c The expected stage of development for a 2 year old is one with magical thinking, where a child begins to engage in make-believe play. Intuitive reasoning occurs by the end of the preoperational period (at 2 to 7 years of age). The ability to solve concrete problems occurs with the period of concrete operations (at 7 to 11 years of age). The formal operational period (at 11+ years of age) is when individuals use thinking that is logical and can consider abstract ideas.

a nurse in an outpatient mental health clinic is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new diagnosis of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding of the teaching? a. i can expect my problems with PMDD to be the worst when im menstruating b. i will use light therapy 30 minutes a day to prevent further recurrences of PMDD c. i am aware that my PMDD causes me to have rapid mood swings d. i should increase my caloric intake with a nutritional supplement when my PMDD is active

c a clinical finding of PMDD is emotional liability. clinical findings of PMDD are present during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. light therapy is a treatment for seasonal affective disorder. PMDD increases weight so increasing calories is not recommended

the nurse must be extremely careful in protecting a client with leukemia from any source of infection primarily because: a. if these clients acquire an infection and antibiotics are ordered, they would suffer very serious side effects from such drugs b. they might contact pneumonia and become even more ill c. leukemia seriously affects the blood forming system WBCs and its ability to ward off infection d. an infection could precipitate spontaneous bleeding and hemorrhage

c clients with acute leukemia have an increased potential for infection because they have immature WBCs that are incapable of fighting infection

the nurse is reviewing the lab results is a client with leukemia who has received a regimen of chemotherapy. which laboratory finding would provide information about the massive cell destruction that occurs with the chemotherapy? a. anemia b. decreased platelets c. increased uric acid level d. decreased leukocyte count

c hyperuricemia is especially common after treatment for leukemias and lymphomas, because the therapy results in massive cell destruction, resulting in the release of uric acid. although options a, b, d may also be notes, an increased uric acid level is specifically related to cell destruction.

the nurse is collecting data on a client who is actively hallucinating. which nursing statement should be therapeutic at this time? a. i know you feel 'they are going to get you' but its not true b. i can hear the voice and she wants you to come to dinner c. sometimes people hear things or voices others cant hear d. i talked to the voices you are hearing and they wont hurt you now

c it is important for the nurse to reinforce reality with the client. options 1, 2, and 4 do not reinforce reality but reinforce the hallucination that the voices are real

patient teaching that should be included when a patient is prescribed an iron supplement would be: a. take with milk to avoid stomach upset b. iron supplements may cause stools to turn green c. increase fluids and roughage if constipation occurs d. do not take with orange juice or vitamin c

c med surg 347

which foods should be included in the diet of a client with anemia? a. white meat chicken b. strawberries c. spinach and other green leafy vegetables d. orange juice

c med surg 348

chronic lymphocytic leukemia is the most common in: a. women under age 50 b. women over age 50 c. men over age 50 d. men under age 50

c med surg 354

thrombocytopenia is when the client had a low: a. WBC count b. RBC count c. platelet count d. hemoglobin level

c med surg 357

nursing management for a person with thrombocytopenia would include: a. restricting the number of visitors b. providing fresh fruits and vegetables at meals c. careful handling and observation for bleeding d. blood transfusions

c med surg 358

the nurse observes that a client with a potential for violence is agitated, pacing up and down in the hallway, and making aggressive and belligerent gestures at other clients. which statement is appropriate ti make to this client? a. you need to stop that behavior now! b. you will need to be placed in seclusion! c. what is causing you to become agitated? d. you will need to be restrained if you dont change your behavior

c the best statement is to ask the client what is causing the agitation. this will assist the client to become aware of the behavior and will assist the nurse in planning appropriate interventions for the client. a is a demanding behavior which could cause the agitation to become worse. b and d are threats to the client and are inappropriate

a nurse is discussing the care of a client who has major depressive disorder (MDD) with a newly licensed nurse. which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the teaching? a. care during the continuation phase focuses on treating continued manifestations of MDD b. the treatment of MDD during the maintenance phase lasts for 6 to 12 weeks c. the client is at risk for suicide during the first weeks of an MDD episode d. medication and psychotherapy are most effective during the acute phase of MDD

c the client is at greatest risk for suicide during the acute phase of MDD. relapse prevention is the focus of continuation of treatment. medication therapy is during the continuation phase to prevent relapse.

a nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has a prescription for bupropion to treat major depressive disorder. which of the following findings is the priority for the nurse to report to the provider? a. the client reports he has been experiencing insomnia b. the client has hypertension that is treated with enalapril c. the client had a MVA last year and sustained a head injury d. the client has a BMI of 25 and has gained 10 pounds over the past year

c the greatest risk to the client is development of seizures. bupropion can lower the seizure threshold and should be avoided by the clients who have a history of a head injury. this finding is the highest priority to report to the provider.

the nurse is caring for a leukemia client who is having pain. the nurse should expect an order for any of the following medications except: a. hydrocodone b. codeine c. ibuprofen d. tylenol

c the nurse should question an order for ibuprofen or aspirin in a client with leukemia because of the tendency of those drugs to prolong bleeding time by preventing clotting. any of the other drugs would be appropriate for this client

The nurse is admitting a new patient to the psychiatric unit. Which factors will most likely contribute to a positive outcome of the interaction? Select all that apply. a. The patient is in a bad mood. b. The patient states that he or she is in pain. c. The unit is quiet. d. The patient has been admitted to the facility in the past. e. The patient is awake, alert, and oriented to person, place, and time. f. There are various interactive sessions going on in the unit today.

c, d, e Positive outcomes for interactions include factors such as the relationship between participants, internal mood states, mental and physical condition, experience and education, and external noise emanating from the environment. Noisy environments increase stress, as does pain. If the patient is in a bad mood, it may be best to address this issue prior to completing the admission because the patient will be more receptive.

which three concepts are antecedents (before) of collaboration? select three choices a. safety b. teamwork c. professionalism d. ethics e. communication

c, d, e teamwork is during

the nurse is preparing to care for a dying client, and several members are at the clients bedside. which therapeutic techniques should the nurse use when communicating? select all that apply a. discourage reminiscing b. make the decisions for the family c. encourage expressions of feelings, concerns, and fears d. explain everything that is happening to all family members e. extend touch, and hold the clients or family members hand if appropriate f. be honest and truthful, and let the client and family members know that you will not abandon them

c, e, f the nurse must determine whether there is a spokesperson for the family and how much the client and family want the know. the nurse needs to allow the family and the client to make informed decisions and assist with the decision making process if asked. the nurse should encourage expression of feelings, concerns, and fear, as well as reminiscing. the nurse needs to be honest and truthful and let the client and family know that they will not be abandoned. it is important to extend touch and hold the clients family's hands if appropriate.

which type of collaboration has the goal of transitioning from a traditional hierarchal management style to one where nursing staff are more involved in decision making process? a. interprofessional collaboration b. interorganizational collaboration c. mentoring d. shared governance

d

a nurse in a pediatric clinic is caring for a school aged child who has a new diagnosis of ADHD. when reinforcing teaching about this disorder with the parent, which of the following statements should the nurse include? a. behaviors associated with ADHD are present prior to age 3 b. this disorder is characterized by argumentativeness c. below average intellectual functioning is associated with ADHD d. because of this disorder your child is at increased risk for injury

d inattentive or impulse behavior puts this child at higher risk for injury. manifestations of ADHD are present prior to age 12. argumentativeness and below average intellectual functioning are not associated with ADHD.

an important approach to the care of a 7 year old child diagnosed with ADHD is to encourage: a. a diet high in processed foods b. regular use of sedatives c. strict discipline d. a structured, one-to-one environment

d ADHD is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and distractibility. Strategies for managing the child with ADHD in the classroom include seating the child in the front of the classroom to minimize distraction, reminding the child to focus his or her attention whenever necessary, giving clear instructions and repeating them often, and providing breaks between periods of work or study.

When a patient tells the nurse about plans to do research about the patient's diagnosis and potential treatment on the Internet, what is the nurse's most appropriate initial response? a. Discount the reliability of the Internet. b. Evaluate the patient's computer competency. c. Provide a list of recommended sources. d. Teach about evaluation of Internet resources.

d Evaluation of resources is an essential component of gathering information from the Internet, and the nurse would want to be sure the patient finds valid and reliable information. A majority of adults in the United States use the Internet to find information on many aspects of life, and this use of technology expands the role of the nurse in patient education to include teaching on how to evaluate Internet sources. Discounting the reliability of the Internet would not support the positive behavior and motivation of the patient to learn. The nurse would want to evaluate what the patient learns from the Internet rather than the patient's computer competency. Providing a list of recommended sources would be appropriate and support the patient's motivation, but it would not be the first thing the nurse would do.

A nurse working in a free clinic has recognized that health promotion for teenagers who are pregnant is needed. The nurse works to develop a team of health care experts in several disciplines from across the region to work toward improving the nutrition of pregnant teenagers. This is an example of what type of collaboration? a. Nurse-patient collaboration b. Nurse-nurse collaboration c. Intraprofessional collaboration d. Interorganizational collaboration

d Interorganizational collaboration occurs between regional, national, or international organizations to achieve a common goal. Nurse-patient collaboration occurs when a nurse is working directly with a patient. Nurse-nurse collaboration occurs between nurses and among professionals in nursing management projects. Intraprofessional collaboration occurs among members of a professional discipline.

The nurse working with a family to prepare them for discharge of the father after a stroke would help them to address the things they can control, such as a. economic state of society. b. genetic inheritance. c. maturity of individuals. d. psychological defenses.

d Nursing intervention can help the family with psychological defense strategies, which are the ways a family reacts to the stress of a member whose health status has changed. This nurse would use knowledge of family stress theory in differentiating things the family can control and things the family cannot control. The family has no control over the economic state of society. The family would have no control over genetic inheritance in this situation. The family would have no control over the maturity of the individuals involved. Psychological defense strategies could promote adaptation of the family unit.

An exemplar of a social/emotional developmental delay is a. developmental dyspraxia. b. fragile X syndrome. c. mental retardation. d. separation anxiety disorder.

d Separation anxiety disorder is an exemplar of a social/emotional developmental delay. Developmental dyspraxia is an exemplar of an adaptive developmental delay. Fragile X syndrome is an exemplar of a physical developmental delay. Mental retardation is an exemplar of a cognitive developmental delay.

To address administrative concerns about the effectiveness of staff nurses related to patient education, what is the nurse manager's first action? a. Assign one nurse to teach patients. b. Organize patient teaching resources. c. Post a teaching outline in the lounge. d. Survey nurses about patient teaching.

d The first step in addressing any concern is assessment, or determining what the issues are, so conducting a verbal or written survey would be the most appropriate first step. Education of patients is integral to professional nursing practice; it would not be appropriate, or even possible, to assign one nurse to teach patients, because much patient education is informal, spontaneous, and takes place during treatments or when a nurse is responding to patient questions. There is no information to support a problem with the organization of patient teaching resources. Posting a teaching outline in the lounge could be an appropriate strategy if a need related to a specific area was identified; however, a needs assessment must first be completed.

the nurse notes documentation in a clients record that the client is experiencing delusions of persecution. the nurse understands that these types of delusions are characteristic of which? a. the false belief that one is a very powerful person b. the false belief that one is a very important person c. the false belief that ones partner is being unfaithful d. the false belief that one is being singled out for harm by others

d a delusion is a false belief held to be true even when there is evidence to the contrary. a delusion of persecution is the thought that one is being singled out for harm by others. a delusion of grandeur is the false belief the the person is important and powerful. a delusion of jealousy is the false belief that ones partner is being unfaithful

during a conversation with a depressed client on a psychiatric unit, the client says to the nurse, "my family would be better off without me" the nurse should make which therapeutic response to the client? a. have you talked to your family about this? b. everyone feels this way when they are depressed c. you will feel better once your medicine begins to work d. you sound very upset. are you

d clients who are depressed may be at risk for suicide. it is critical for the nurse to assess suicidal ideation and plan. the client should be asked directly if there is a direct plan of self harm. a, b and c are not therapeutic techniques

the nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of depression. the nurse monitors for signs of constipation and urinary retention, knowing that these problems are likely caused by which? a. poor dietary choices b. lack of exercise and poor diet c. inadequate dietary intake and dehydration d. psychomotor retardation and side effects of medications

d in this situation urinary retention is most likely cause by medications. option 4 is the only option that addresses both constipation and urinary retention. constipation can be related to inadequate food intake, lack of exercise, and poor diet

a nurse in a pediatric clinic is caring for a preschool aged child who has new diagnosis of ADHD. when reinforcing teaching about this disorder with the parent, which of the following statements should the nurse include? a. behaviors associated with ADHD are present prior to age 3 b. children who have ADHD typically have many peer relationships c. below average intellectual functioning is associated with ADHD d. because of this disorder, your child is at an increased risk for injury

d inattentive or impulsive behavior increases the risk for injury in a child who has ADHD

a nurse in an acute mental health facility is caring for a client who has bipolar disorder. which of the following actions is the nurses priority? a. set consistent limits for expected client behavior b. administer prescribed medications as scheduled c. provide step by step instructions during hygiene activities d. monitor for escalating behavior

d monitoring the clients mood addresses the need for safety. the nurse should set consistent limits, administer prescribed medications, and provide step by step instructions but it is not priority.

a child is diagnosed with Reye's syndrome. the nurse assists to develop a nursing care plan for the child and should include which intervention in the plan? a. assess hearing loss b. monitor urine output c. changing body positions every 2 hours d. providing a quiet environment with dimmed lighting

d reyes syndrome is an acute encephalopathy that follows a viral illness and is characterized pathologically by cerebral edema and fatty changes in the liver. a definitive diagnosis is made by a liver biopsy. in reyes syndrome supportive care is directed toward monitoring and managing cerebral edema. decreasing stimuli in the environment by providing a quiet environment with dimmed lighting would decrease the stress on the cerebral tissue and neuron responses. hearing loss and urine output are not affected. chancing positions ever 2 hours would not effect cerebral edema directly. the child should be positioned with the head elevated to decrease the progression of the cerebral edema to promote drainage of CSF.

a nurse is reviewing the health record of a client who has leukemia and has developed thrombocytopenia. which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. plan for the client to take rest periods throughout the day b. encourage the client to cough, turn, and deep breathe c. measure the temperature ever 4 hours d. monitor platelet counts

d the greatest risk for someone with thrombocytopenia is injury due to bleeding. the nurse should offer rest periods throughout the day, should encourage the client to cough, deep breathe, and turn, and measure the clients temperature, but those are not priority.

a nurse is caring for a client who has leukemia and thrombocytopenia. which of the following actions is the nurses priority? a. allow the client to take frequent rest periods throughout the day b. encourage the client to cough and deep breathe every 2 hours c. obtain the clients temperature every 4 hours d. monitor the clients platelet count

d the greatest risk to a client who has thrombocytopenia is injury due to bleeding. the priority action for the nurse to take is to initiate bleeding precautions, such monitoring platelet count

a client is admitted to the impatient unit and is being considered for electroconvulsive therapy ECT. the client appears calm, but the family is hypervigilant and anxious. the clients mother begins to cry and states, "my childs brain will be destroyed. how can the doctor do this?" the nurse should make which therapeutic response? a. it sounds as though you need to speak to a psychiatrist b. perhaps you'd like to see the ECT room and speak to the staff c. your child has decided to have this treatment. you should be supportive of the decision d. it sounds as though you have some concerns about the ECT procedure. why don't we sit down together and discuss any concerns you may have?

d the nurse needs to encourage the family and client to verbalize their fears and concerns. option 4 is the only option that encourages verbalization.

a nurse is reinforcing teaching with a school age child who has a conduct disorder and a new prescription for methylphenidate transdermal patches. which of the following information should the nurse provide about the medication? a. apply the patch once daily at bedtime b. place the patch carefully in a trash can after removal c. apply the transdermal patch to the anterior waist area d. remove the patch each day after 9 hours

d the transdermal patch is applied once daily in the morning and is removed after 9 hours. the patch should be flushed down the toilet after use. the patch should be applied on the hip not the waist.

the nurse is preparing for the hospital discharge of a client with a history of command hallucinations to harm self or others. the nurse instructs the client about interventions for hallucinations and anxiety and determines the client understands the interventions when the client states which? a. my medications wont make me anxious b. ill go to a support group and talk so that i wont hurt anyone c. i wont get anxious or hear things if i get enough sleep and eat well d. i can call my therapist when im hallucinating so i can talk about my feelings and plans and not hurt anyone

d there may be an increased risk for impulsive and/or aggressive behavior if a client is receiving command hallucinations to harm self or others.talking about the auditory hallucinations can interfere with the subvocal muscular activity associated with hallucination. option 4 is a specific agreement to seek help and evidences self responsible commitment and control over his or her own behavior

_________ is a special type of collaboration between a novice nurse and an expert nurse that facilitates career development, personal growth, caring, empowerment, and nurturance

mentor

____________ described as purposeful activities that facilitate the career development, personal growth, caring, empowerment, and nurturance that are important to nursing practice and leadership.

mentoring the purpose of mentoring is to enable a smooth transition from a novice nurse to an knowledgeable practitioner who is self-reflective and self-confident and is able to negotiate both professional and patient relationships. despite the valuable benefits of mentoring, challenges to successful and constructive mentorships exist.

______________ is the term used in health care when there is nurse-on-nurse aggression and intergroup conflict. this phenomenon undermines a healthy collaborative environment.

microaggression