Test 2
A pregnant client is diagnosed with syphilis. Which response would demonstrate respect for the client and therapeutic communication?
"I am sure it is frightening to you to be diagnosed with a disease that can affect your baby."
A pregnant single mom living alone tells the nurse she is considering getting a cat for her 2-year-old daughter. Which is the best response by the nurse?
"You should wait until after you give birth to obtain the cat for your daughter."
A pregnant woman with type 2 diabetes is scheduled for a laboratory test of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). What does the nurse tell the client is a normal level for this test? 8% 14% 6% 12%
6% - The upper normal level of HbA1C is 6% of total hemoglobin.
A pregnant woman with sickle cell anemia is very concerned her infant will also develop the disease and questions the nurse about that possibility. Which is the best response from the nurse?
Both parents have to carry the trait.
What important instruction should the nurse give a pregnant client with tuberculosis?
Maintain adequate hydration. - The nurse should instruct the pregnant client with tuberculosis to maintain adequate hydration as a health-promoting activity. The client need not avoid direct sunlight or red meat, or wear light clothes; these have no impact on the client's condition.
A nurse is caring for a pregnant client with heart disease in a labor unit. Which intervention is most important in the first 48 hours postpartum? limiting sodium intake inspecting the extremities for edema ensuring that the client consumes a high fiber diet assessing for cardiac decompensation
assessing for cardiac decompensation
A pregnant woman in her 39th week of pregnancy presents to the clinic with a vaginal infection. She tests positive for chlamydia. What would this disease make her infant at risk for?
blindness explanation: A pregnant woman who contracts chlamydia is at increased risk for spontaneous abortion (miscarriage), preterm rupture of membranes, and preterm labor. The postpartum woman is at higher risk for endometritis (Fletcher & Ball, 2006). The fetus can encounter bacteria in the vagina during the birth process. If this happens, the newborn can develop pneumonia or conjunctivitis that can lead to blindness.
A pregnant client with type I diabetes asks the nurse about how to best control her blood sugar while she is pregnant. The best reply would be for the woman to:
check her blood sugars frequently and adjust insulin accordingly.
A nurse is interviewing a pregnant woman who has come to the clinic for her first prenatal visit. During the interview, the client tells the nurse that she works in a day care center with 2- and 3-year olds. Based on the client's history, the nurse would be alert for the development of which condition?
cytomegalovirus - The nurse would be alert for the development of cytomegalovirus infection. Pregnant women acquire active disease primarily from sexual contact, blood transfusions, kissing, and contact with children in daycare centers. It can also be spread through vertical transmission from mother to child in utero (causing congenital CMV), during birth, or through breast-feeding. Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and toxoplasmosis are not spread through contact with children in day care centers.
A nurse is providing education to a woman at 28 weeks' gestation who has tested positive for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). What would be important for the nurse to include in the client teaching?
he is at increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus after her baby is born. - The woman who develops GDM is at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus after pregnancy.
A pregnant client has tested positive for cytomegalovirus. What can this cause in the newborn? microcephaly bicuspid valve stenosis hypertension clubbed fingers and toes
microcephaly - Signs that are likely to be present in the 10 percent of newborns who are symptomatic at birth include microcephaly, seizures, IUGR, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, and rash.
The nurse explains to a pregnant client that she will need to take iron during her pregnancy after being diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia. The nurse suggests that absorption of the supplemental iron can be increased by taking it with which substance?
orange juice -Anemia is a condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, from an underlying cause. The woman needs to take iron to manufacture enough red blood cells. Taking an iron supplement will help improve her iron levels, and taking iron with foods containing ascorbic acid, such as orange juice, improves the absorption of iron.
A client is diagnosed with peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM). Which therapy would the nurse expect to administer to the client?
restricted sodium intake - The client with peripartum cardiomyopathy should be prescribed a restricted sodium intake to control the blood pressure. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are given to treat depression in pregnancy, not peripartum cardiomyopathy. Methadone is a drug given for the treatment of a substance use disorder during pregnancy. Complementary therapies like ginger therapy help in the alleviation of hyperemesis gravidarum, not peripartum cardiomyopathy.
The nurse is caring for a pregnant client who is in her 30th week of gestation and has congenital heart disease. Which finding should the nurse recognize as a symptom of cardiac decompensation with this client? swelling of the face dry, rasping cough slow, labored respiration elevated temperature
swelling of the face -Swelling of the face is a symptom of cardiac decompensation, along with moist, frequent cough and rapid respirations. Dry, rasping cough; slow, labored respiration; and an elevated temperature are not symptoms of cardiac decompensation.
A woman's baby is HIV positive at birth. She asks the nurse if this means the baby will develop AIDS. Which statement would be the nurse's best answer?
"The antibodies may be those transferred across the placenta; the baby may not develop AIDS." - Infants born of HIV-positive women test positive for HIV antibodies at birth because these have crossed the placenta. An accurate disease status cannot be determined until the antibodies fade at about 18 months. Testing positive for HIV antibodies does not mean the infant has AIDS. Having a cesarean birth does decrease the risk of transmitting the virus to the infant at birth; it does not prevent the transmission of the disease. HIV antibodies do cross the placenta, which is why babies born of HIV positive mothers are HIV positive.
A pregnant woman with diabetes is having her glycosylated hemoglobin level evaluated. The nurse determines that the woman's glucose is under control and continues the woman's plan of care based on which result?
6.5% - A glycosylated hemoglobin level of less than 7% indicates good control; a value of more than 8% indicates poor control and warrants intervention. A glycosylated hemoglobin level less than 7% indicates that the plan is working and should be continued.
A woman with cardiac disease at 32 weeks' gestation reports she has been having spells of light-headedness and dizziness every few days. Which instruction should the nurse prioritize?
Decrease activity and rest more often. -If the client is developing symptoms associated with her heart condition, the first intervention is to monitor activity levels, decrease activity, and treat the symptoms. At 32 weeks' gestation, the suggestion to induce labor is not appropriate, and without knowledge of the type of heart condition one would not recommend an increase of fluids or vitamins. Total bed rest may be required if the symptoms do not resolve with decreased activity.
A pregnant client with sickle cell anemia is admitted in crisis. Which nursing intervention should the nurse prioritize?
IV fluids -A sickle cell crisis during pregnancy is usually managed by exchange transfusion, oxygen, and IV fluids. Antihypertensive drugs usually aren't necessary. Diuretics would not be used unless fluid overload resulted. The client would be given antibiotics only if there were evidence of an infection.
The nurse is preparing to teach a pregnant client with iron deficiency anemia about the various iron-rich foods to include in her diet. Which food should the nurse point out will help increase the absorption of her iron supplement?
Orange juice -Anemia is a condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, from an underlying cause. The woman needs to take iron to manufacture enough red blood cells. Taking an iron supplement will help improve her iron levels, and taking iron with foods containing ascorbic acid, such as orange juice, improves the absorption of iron. Dried fruit (such as apples), fortified grains, and dried beans are additional food choices that are rich in iron and should be included in her daily diet.
The clinic nurse teaches a pregestational type 1 diabetic client that constant insulin levels are very important during pregnancy. The nurse tells the client that the best way to maintain a constant insulin level is to use: regular insulin twice a day. an insulin pen. an insulin drip. an insulin pump.
an insulin pump. -Because a pregnant client will have some periods of relative hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia no matter how carefully she maintains her diet and balances her exercise levels, an effective method to keep serum glucose levels constant is to administer insulin with a continuous pump during pregnancy.
A nurse is teaching a 30-year-old gravida 1 who has sickle cell anemia. Providing education on which topic is the highest nursing priority?
avoidance of infection -Prevention of crises, if possible, is the focus of treatment for the pregnant woman with sickle cell anemia. Maintaining adequate hydration, avoiding infection, getting adequate rest, and eating a balanced diet are all common-sense strategies that decrease the risk of a crisis. Fat intake does not need to be decreased and immunoglobulins are not normally administered. Constipation is not usually a result of sickle cell anemia.
The nurse is assessing a pregnant client with a known history of congestive heart failure who is in her third trimester. Which assessment findings should the nurse prioritize?
dyspnea, crackles, and irregular weak pulse - The nurse should be alert for signs of cardiac decompensation due to congestive heart failure, which include crackles in the lungs from fluid, difficulty breathing, and weak pulse from heart exhaustion. The heart rate would not be regular, and a cough would not be dry. The heart rate would increase rather than decrease.
A pregnant client has developed iron-deficiency anemia and has been prescribed 200 mg of elemental iron per day. The nurse should encourage the client to take this medication with which substance?
orange juice -Iron is absorbed best from an acid medium. Advise women, therefore, to take iron supplements with orange juice or a vitamin C supplement, which supplies ascorbic acid.
he nurse is assessing a woman with class III heart disease who is in for a prenatal visit. What would be the first recognizable sign that this client is in heart failure?
persistent rales in the bases of the lungs - The earliest warning sign of cardiac decompensation is persistent rales in the bases of the lungs.
A 40-year-old woman comes to the clinic reporting having missed her period for two months. A pregnancy test is positive. What is she and her fetus at increased risk for?
placental abnormalities - A woman older than 35 years is more likely to conceive a child with chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome. She is also at higher risk for spontaneous abortion (miscarriage), preeclampsia-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, preterm birth, bleeding and placental abnormalities, and other intrapartum complications.
Which factor would contribute to a high-risk pregnancy?
type 1 diabetes - A woman with a history of diabetes has an increased risk for perinatal complications, including hypertension, preeclampsia, and neonatal hypoglycemia. The age of 33 without other risk factors does not increase risk, nor does type O-positive blood or environmental allergens.
The nurse is assessing a pregnant client who has a history of heart disease. The nurse will prioritize assessments focusing on the heart during which time frame?
28 to 32 weeks' gestation -A pregnant woman with heart disease is most vulnerable for cardiac decompensation from 28 to 32 weeks' gestation, just after the blood volume peaks. It would be important to assess the client's heart at each visit; however, the client's heart would be more stressed at this time due to the increased blood volume and identifying a serious situation early provides the best opportunity for treatment and preventing complications.
A pregnant woman with diabetes is having a glycosylated hemoglobin (HgbA1C) level drawn. Which result would require the nurse to revise the client's plan of care?
8.5% -A glycosylated hemoglobin level of less than 7% indicates good control; a value of more than 8% indicates poor control and warrants intervention. Therefore, the nurse would need to revise the plan of care.
Between her regularly scheduled visits, a woman in her first trimester of pregnancy who is taking iron supplements for anemia calls the nurse at her obstetrician's office reporting constipation. She reports that she has never had this problem before and asks for some advice about how to get relief. What is the best advice the nurse can give her?
Continue taking iron supplements but increase fluids and high-fiber foods; exercise more. -Constipation is a common side effect of iron supplementation. The diagnosis of anemia indicates a true need for the iron supplementation; she needs to increase fluid and fiber to relieve the constipation associated with the iron preparations. The nurse should not advise this client to stop taking her iron supplements, even for a few days. The nurse should not advise the client to increase her iron supplementation, nor take the supplements on an every other day basis. These supplements are ordered by the primary care provider based on the client's hematologic status.
What is the role of the nurse during the preconception counseling of a pregnant client with chronic hypertension?
stressing the avoidance of dairy products stressing the positive benefits of a healthy lifestyle stressing the increased use of Vitamin D supplements stressing regular walks and exercise
A primigravida 21-year-old client at 24 weeks' gestation has a 2-year history of HIV. As the nurse explains the various options for delivery, which factor should the nurse point out will influence the decision for a vaginal birth?
The viral load - A woman who has HIV during pregnancy is at risk for transmitting the infection to the fetus during pregnancy or childbirth and to the newborn while breastfeeding. The type of birth, vaginal or cesarean, depends on several factors, including the woman's viral load, use of ART during pregnancy (not waiting until the birth), length of time membranes have been ruptured, and gestational age (not mother's age). With prenatal ART and prophylactic treatment of the newborn, there is a reduced risk of perinatal HIV transmission. The amniocentesis results would not be a factor in preventing the spread of HIV to the infant and may actually lead to the fetus being infected through the puncture site and bleeding into the amniotic sac.
A nurse is assessing a newborn and suspects that newborn may have been exposed to alcohol during gestation. The nurse suspect this based on which newborn findings? Select all that apply.
thin upper lip small head circumference limb abnormality - Characteristics of a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder include craniofacial dysmorphia (thin upper lip, small head circumference, and small eyes), intrauterine growth restriction, microcephaly, and congenital anomalies such as limb abnormalities and cardiac defects.