Test 2 Pediatrics

A child is undergoing diagnostic testing for an endocrine dysfunction. The results indicate excessive levels of circulating cortisol. The nurse interprets this finding as indicating which of the following? Cushing syndrome Addison disease Turner syndrome Graves' disease

Cushing syndrome

The nurse knows that which condition is caused by excessive levels of circulating cortisol?

Cushing syndrome

A child is brought to the clinic experiencing symptoms of nervousness, tremors, fatigue, increased heart rate and blood pressure. Based on this assessment, the nurse would suspect a diagnosis of which condition? hypertension Cushing syndrome hypothyroidism Graves' disease

Graves' disease

The nurse working triage in the urgent care center notices a diabetic child may be having metabolic acidosis. Which of the following assessment data would be most indicative of this disorder?

Kussmaul respiration and drowsiness

Which results would indicate to the nurse the possibility that a neonate has congenital hypothyroidism? High thyroxine (T4) level and low thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level Low T4 level and high TSH level Normal TSH level and high T4 level Normal T4 level and low TSH level

Low T4 level and high TSH level

A child who has type 1 diabetes mellitus is brought to the emergency department and diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis. What treatment would the nurse expect to administer? NPH Detemir Lispro Regular insulin

Regular insulin

The nurse is caring for 1-month-old girl with thyrotoxicosis. What finding would the nurse expect to assess? Skin is cool, dry, and scaly to the touch. The child is hypoactive and hypotonic. Observation reveals lethargy and irritability. The child has a strong appetite but fails to thrive.

The child has a strong appetite but fails to thrive. Rationale: Infants with thyrotoxicosis may display hyperphagia but fail to gain weight. A combination of lethargy and irritability suggests congenital hypothyroidism. Cool, dry skin that is scaly to the touch suggests congenital hypothyroidism. Hypoactivity and hypotonicity are findings that suggest congenital hypothyroidism.

The nurse is preparing a child suspected of having a thyroid disorder for a thyroid scan. What information regarding the child should the nurse alert the doctor or nuclear medicine department about? The child has had an MRI of their leg within the past 6 weeks. The child is allergic to shellfish. The child wears a medical alert bracelet for diabetes. The child is taking a vitamin supplement.

The child is allergic to shellfish.

A child presents to the primary care setting with enuresis, nocturia, increased hunger, weight loss, and increased thirst. What does the nurse suspect? Hypothyroidism Syndrome of inappropriate diuretic hormone Type 1 diabetes mellitus Diabetes insipidus

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

A nurse should recognize that which laboratory result would be most consistent with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus?

a fasting blood glucose greater than 126 mg/dl

A newborn is born with hypothyroidism. If it is not recognized and treated, what complication is likely?

cognitive impairment

Which hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla? Select all that apply.

epinephrine and norepinephrine

The nurse knows that disorders of the pituitary gland depend on the location of the physiologic abnormality. In caring for a child that has issues with the anterior pituitary, the nurse knows that this child has issues with which hormone? oxytocin antidiuretic hormone vasopressin growth hormone

growth hormone Rationale: Disorders of the pituitary gland depend on the location of the physiologic abnormality. The anterior pituitary, or adenohypophysis, is made up of endocrine glandular tissue and secretes growth hormone (GH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), TSH, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin. The posterior lobe is called the neurohypophysis because it is formed of neural tissue. It secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH; vasopressin) and oxytocin. Usually, several target organs are affected when there is a disorder of the pituitary gland, especially the adenohypophysis.

A child is diagnosed with hypoparathyroidism. Which electrolyte imbalance would the nurse most likely expect to address?

hypocalcemia

Shortly after delivery, a newborn is diagnosed with hypocalcemia. What manifestation will the nurse assess in this client? jitteriness excessive sleepiness a distended abdomen constipation

jitteriness Rationale: The chief sign of hypocalcemia is neuromuscular irritability, referred to as latent tetany. This occurs if the blood calcium level falls below 7.5 mg/dl. The newborn will demonstrate jitteriness when handled or has been crying for an extended period. Constipation, excessive sleepiness, and a distended abdomen are not manifestations of hypocalcemia.

A child with diabetes reports that he is feeling a little shaky. Further assessment reveals that the child is coherent but with some slight tremors and sweating. A fingerstick blood glucose level is 70 mg/dl. What would the nurse do next? Administer glucagon intramuscularly. Offer a complex carbohydrate snack. Give 10 to 15 grams of a simple carbohydrate. Administer a sliding-scale dose of insulin.

Give 10 to 15 grams of a simple carbohydrate. Rationale: The child is experiencing hypoglycemia as evidenced by the assessment findings and blood glucose level. Since the child is coherent, offering the child 10 to 15 grams of a simple carbohydrate would be appropriate. Insulin is not used because the child is hypoglycemic. A complex carbohydrate snack would be used after offering the simple carbohydrate to maintain the glucose level. Intramuscular glucagons would be used if the child was not coherent.

A child is diagnosed with hypoparathyroidism. Which electrolyte imbalance would the nurse most likely expect to address? hypomagnesemia hypocalcemia hyperkalemia hyponatremia

hypocalcemia Rationale: Hypoparathyroidism results in low production of PTH, which in turn leads to hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia.