Test 2 Practice Pt. 4

During psychosocial development, the adolescent is trying to figure out:

"Who am I?"

The current average age of menarche among well-nourished girls is:

12 years, eight months.

Adolescents who regularly smoke marijuana are more likely to: a) drop out of school. b) become teenage parents. c) be unemployed. d) All of these answers are correct.

All of these answers are correct.

In achieving full identity, an adolescent should understand his or her goals and values regarding: a) religion and sex. b) politics and ethnicity. c) vocation. d) All of these answers are correct.

All of these answers are correct.

What are some ways of encouraging adolescents to engage in their education? a) Keep high schools small. b) Encourage extracurricular activities. c) Change the schedule and cluster students. d) All of these answers are correct.

All of these answers are correct.

Why do emotions rule behavior for many teens? a) They are likely going through puberty. b) The amygdala matures before the prefrontal cortex does. c) The complexities of emotional restraint are beyond most teenagers. d) All of these answers are correct.

All of these answers are correct.

Which immigrant youth seem to suffer from lower self-esteem than the other groups?

Asian

_____ is bullying that uses technology.

Cyberbullying

In what way does weight affect puberty?

Excess weight results in earlier puberty.

______ refers to a person's self-definition as male or female, and _______ refers to a person's erotic desires

Gender identity; sexual orientation

Which of the following statements about hypothetical-deductive thought is true? a) Hypothetical-deductive thought is seen only after thinking has advanced beyond egocentrism. b) Hypothetical-deductive thought allows one to consider propositions that may or may not reflect reality. c) A hallmark of hypothetical-deductive thought is the ability to think of what is not present. d) A hallmark of hypothetical-deductive thought is the ability to engage in inductive reasoning.

Hypothetical-deductive thought allows one to consider propositions that may or may not reflect reality

What function does the prefrontal cortex serve?

It is responsible for planning ahead and emotional regulation.

In what way does stress affect puberty?

Stress increases the hormones that start puberty.

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning adolescent suicide?

Suicidal ideation is common among adolescents, but completed suicides are not.

Which of the following statements concerning homosexual youth is TRUE? a) Same-sex friendships signify emotional trouble. b) The formation of friendship and romantic bonds is accelerated in adolescent homosexuals. c) Females become aware of their homosexuality earlier than males do. d) Ten percent of heterosexual adults report having had same-sex encounters during their adolescence.

Ten percent of heterosexual adults report having had same-sex encounters during their adolescence.

Which of the following is among the body changes in adolescence that increase physical endurance? a) The heart doubles in size. b) Breathing is more rapid. c) The total volume of blood decreases. d) Blood pressure decreases.

The heart doubles in size.

Which of the following statements about teenagers' brain growth is true? a) The limbic system matures before the prefrontal cortex does. b) The prefrontal cortex matures before the limbic system does. c) Maturation of the cortex depends more on hormones than on age. d) The reflective areas of the brain develop before the emotional areas do.

The limbic system matures before the prefrontal cortex does.

According to the text, which of the following explains why many teenagers are thrill seekers?

The prefrontal cortex is not yet mature.

What does the term "menarche" refer to?

a girl's first menstrual period

What is a gender role?

a pattern of behavior that society considers appropriate for only men or only women

Many middle school students sacrifice ______________ rather than risk social exclusion.

academic achievement

Which characteristic of adolescent thought is demonstrated when a teen fails to recognize that others may neither care about nor share her opinions?

adolescent egocentrism

The most frequently abused drug among North American teenagers is:

alcohol.

A growth spurt is an uneven jump in the size of:

almost every body part.

Early-maturing boys:

are more likely to be aggressive and abuse alcohol.

High school romances:

are short-lived, rarely lasting more than a year.

Petty, peevish arguing that is usually ongoing is known as:

bickering.

A person's idea of how his or her body looks is called:

body image.

Peer pressure or encouragement to conform to a friend's behavior or fashion style:

can be positive.

In many nations of Africa and the Middle East, same-sex behaviors are considered:

criminal and pathological.

In the past 50 years, teen births have _____ in every nation.

decreased

From 1991 to 2001, the rate of sexual activity among U.S. high school students:

decreased.

Secondary sex characteristics are bodily features that:

do not directly affect fertility.

The best predictor of drug abuse in adulthood is:

drug use before age 18

Longitudinal research on marijuana use suggests that:

drug use causes more problems than it solves.

"Facilitation," specifically in adolescent peer relationships, refers to the way that peers:

encourage each other to do things that most wouldn't do on their own.

At adolescence, the gonads increase the production of sex hormones: ___________ in girls and __________ in boys.

estradiol; testosterone

During the fifth stage of psychosocial development, an adolescent who isn't sure which role to adopt is said to be:

experiencing a crisis of identity versus role confusion.

The belief that family members should support one another, sacrificing individual freedom if necessary, is called:

familism.

Erikson's term for premature identity formation is:

foreclosure.

Two causes of depression in adolescence are:

genetics and having a mother who is often belligerent and disapproving.

For every child, puberty begins with a _____, which is an uneven jump in the size of almost every body part.

growth spurt

What-if propositions require:

hypothetical thought.

Understanding oneself based on past experiences and future plans is called ________, and lack of commitment to any goals or values is called __________.

identity achievement; role confusion

It is typical for an adolescent experiencing __________ to sleep too much, care little about school, and be indifferent to parental criticism.

identity diffusion

What is Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development?

identity versus role confusion

Most longitudinal studies on adolescent destructiveness conclude that:

increased anger at puberty is normal and is usually expressed in acceptable ways.

The thought process that involves using one or more specific experiences or facts to reach a general conclusion is called:

inductive reasoning

Concluding that a four-legged furry animal that wags its tail when it is happy and likes to fetch sticks is in fact a dog would be an example of:

inductive reasoning.

The only drug(s) used by more eighth-graders than twelfth-graders is:

inhalants.

Research has shown that the dip in self-esteem during adolescence:

is experienced by both sexes.

A hormone that affects appetite and is believed to affect the onset of puberty is known as:

leptin.

Early neurological impairments increase the risk of a child becoming a(n) _________, and a teen experiencing a negative psychosocial development is at greater risk of becoming a(n) ___________.

life-course-persistent offender; adolescence-limited offender

Today, vocational identity is postponed because:

many vocations require specialized skills that take years to attain.

Hypothetical thought:

may complicate reflection about serious issues.

The "low ebb" of learning occurs in:

middle school.

Serious depression among adolescents is:

more common in females than in males.

High-stakes testing as a requirement for high school graduation potentially results in:

more dropouts.

Parent and adolescent conflicts:

occur when a child's drive for independence clashes with the parents' supervision and control.

Since the U.S. trend toward more high-stakes testing began:

other nations have moved away from relying on high-stakes testing

Mr. Sanchez gives the car keys to his son and asks, "Who is going to the movies with you, and what time will you be home?" This questioning is an example of:

parental monitoring.

Parents' ongoing awareness of what their children are doing, where, and with whom is called:

parental monitoring.

The parts of the body that are directly involved in reproduction are called:

primary sex characteristics.

Within which type of identity does society expect some debate and questioning during late adolescence?

religious identity

Living in a stressful environment has been found to:

result in earlier puberty.

Which of the following is a symptom of anorexia nervosa a) significantly low body weight for developmental stage b) an uncontrollable urge to overeat c) binging and purging at least once a week for three months d) a depressed or irritable mood nearly every day

significantly low body weight for developmental stage

According to Dunphy, the third event in the sequence of male-female relationships is:

small mixed-sex groups

The best sex-education programs are those that:

start before high school, require parent-child communication, focus on behavior, and last for years

Thinking about suicide is called _________, and a failed suicide is called __________.

suicidal ideation; parasuicide

Early-maturing girls:

tend to have lower self-esteem than late-maturing girls.

Julie is obsessed with how others will react to her behavior and appearance. It takes her several hours to dress in the morning as she considers what both her friends and enemies will think of her. Julie's behavior reflects the power of:

the imaginary audience.

The need for teenagers to look and behave a certain way is most related to:

the imaginary audience.

Which of the following best explains why teens often choose behaviors that put them at certain risks? a) the imaginary audience b) the personal fable c) the invincibility fable d) adolescent aggression

the invincibility fable

Teens are likely to experiment with drugs and have unprotected sex because of:

the invincibility fable.

Adolescents are said to have closeness with family when:

there is open communication, support, emotional connectedness, and parental control.

The most prominent change in adolescent thought is the ability to:

think of possibility.

Puberty usually lasts _____ years.

three to five

Which psychoactive drug used during adolescence inhibits growth and may result in the adolescent becoming a shorter and heavier adult?

tobacco

During adolescence, the lungs will _________ in weight and the heart will ___________ in size.

triple; double

What is adolescent egocentrism?

when young people focus on themselves to the exclusion of others