Test 2 Quiz ?'s

During the formation of a clastic sedimentary rock, the following events occur. Order them from first to occur to last to occur: 1. Deposition2. Weathering3. Erosion4. Lithification5. Compaction 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 2, 3, 1, 5, 4 3, 1, 2, 5, 4 3, 2, 5, 1, 4

2, 3, 1, 5, 4

Which of the following sites would most likely have composite volcanoes? A is on an island arc, B is in the Andes Mountains, C is near Hawaii, and D is along a mid-ocean ridge. A B C D

A B

What is the difference between a joint and a fault? A joint is formed by differential stress but a fault is not A joint is formed by confining pressure A fault displaces the rocks on one side relative to another A fault is formed by tension but a joint is formed by compression

A fault displaces the rocks on one side relative to another

Would you expect the magma that formed this igneous rock to have had a fast cooling rate or a slow cooling rate, based on the grain size? (small) A. Fast cooling rate B. Slow cooling rate C. Cannot tell from information given D. The appearance of an igneous rock is not affected by the cooling rate.

A. Fast cooling rate

Match each igneous rock with its correct composition: Rhyolite A. Felsic B. Intermediate C. Mafic D. Ultramafic

A. Felsic

Match each igneous rock with its correct texture: Obsidian A. Glassy B. Fine-Grained (Aphanatic) C. Vesicular D. Coarse Grained (Phaneritic)

A. Glassy

Igneous rocks that form when magma solidifies deep beneath the surface of the earth are called: A. Intrusive B. Extrusive C. Porphorytic D. Felsic E. Mafic

A. Intrusive

An igneous rock with very coarse-grained texture in which the minerals are centimeters long is called a ____________. A. Pegmatite B. Porphyrite C. Phenoblast D. Glass

A. Pegamatite

What is the typical setting for fold and thrust belts? Continental rifts Transform faults Ocean-ocean divergent plate boundaries Associated with convergent plate boundaries

Associated with convergent plate boundaries

When lava solidifies (at or on the surface of the land), the rocks are classified as: A. Intrusive B. Extrusive C. Porphorytic D. Felsic E. Mafic

B. Extrusive

Match each igneous rock with its correct texture: Andesite A. Glassy B. Fine-Grained (Aphanatic) C. Vesicular D. Coarse Grained (Phaneritic)

B. Fine-Grained

Match each igneous rock with its correct composition: Diorite A. Felsic B. Intermediate C. Mafic D. Ultramafic

B. Intermediate

Which of the following rock types involves dissolved gas in the magma? A. Granite B. Pumice C. Gabbro D. Diorite E. Andesite

B. Pumice

When melting forms magma: A. rocks in the source region generally are completely melted B. partial melting produces a magma that is more felsic than the source C. melting of the mantle generally produces felsic magma D. melting of continental crust generally produces mafic magma

B. partial melting produces a magma that is more felsic than the source

Which of the following is most likely to occur at shallow crustal levels? Growth of new minerals Brittle deformation Recrystallization of minerals Ductile behavior

Brittle deformation

Match each igneous rock with its correct composition: Basalt A. Felsic B. Intermediate C. Mafic D. Ultramafic

C. Mafic

An igneous rock composed of two distinctly different sizes of mineral crystals with a fine-grained matrix around larger crystals is said to have a(n) _______________________ texture. A. Apanitic B. Pyroclastic C. Porphorytic D. Phaneritic

C. Porphorytic

Match each igneous rock with its correct texture: Scoria A. Glassy B. Fine-Grained (Aphanatic) C. Vesicular D. Coarse Grained (Phaneritic)

C. Vesicular

Which type of volcano is formed from a violent explosion of pyroclastic materials, volcanic mudflows, and andesitic lava? Composite Volcano Underwater volcano Shield volcano Scoria cone

Composite Volcano

What type of stress formed the structure shown in this figure? Compression Confining pressure Fluid pressure Tension

Compression

What type of stress is the cause of most folding? Tension Confining pressure Compression Fluid pressure

Compression

What are the three main types of stress? Convergence, divergence, and transform faulting Confining stress, deformation, and folding Compression, tension, and shear Positive, negative, and neutral

Compression, tension, and shear

Match each igneous rock with its correct texture: Granite A. Glassy B. Fine-Grained (Aphanatic) C. Vesicular D. Coarse Grained (Phaneritic)

D. Coarse Grained

Match each igneous rock with its correct composition: Peridotite A. Felsic B. Intermediate C. Mafic D. Ultramafic

D. Ultramafic

Based on what we know about igneous rocks, what color is the mantle? (Hint: Remember that the mantle is made up of ultramafic rocks) A. Pink B. White C. Blue D. Orange E. Green

E. Green

Which kind of eruptive activity is most likely to be highly explosive? Eruptions of continental margin composite volcanoes Fissure eruptions feeding lava to flood basalt deposits Lava flows from a shield volcano on a volcanic island Lava flows from a scoria cone complex

Eruptions of continental margin composite volcanoes

Very broad, slightly domed volcanoes built from multiple basaltic lava flows are called cinder cones. True False

False

Which type of volcanic rocks would be the most common in a composite volcano? Basalt mostly formed in lava flows Pillow basalts Scoria and other vesicular basalt Felsic and intermediate lava flows and ash/tuff

Felsic and intermediate lava flows and ash/tuff

You observe that a particular igneous rock has large grains. This suggest that the igneous rock Formed deep within the crust where it cooled slowly Erupted at a hot spot volcano like Hawaii Formed at the surface where it cooled slowly Formed deep within the crust where it cooled quickly

Formed deep within the crust where it cooled slowly

The magma beneath Mt. St. Helens generally has ___________ viscosity than the magma beneath Kilauea, Hawaii. Similar Lower Higher Much lower

Higher

What is the volcanism in Hawaii related to? Mid-ocean ridge system Mantle plume/hot spot Transform fault Plate subduction

Mantle plume/hot spot

What type of fault is shown in this figure? Normal fault Reverse fault Dip-slip fault Strike-slip fault

Strike-slip fault

What type of fold is shown on this cross section? Gneiss dome Syncline Anticline Monocline

Syncline

What type of stress formed the structure shown in this figure? Compression Confining pressure Shear Tension

Tension

If a rock is subjected to differential stress, then it means that: Stresses are pushing inward from all directions by the same amount Fluid pressure is greater than the confining pressure Forces are pushing inward from all directions by the same amount The amount of stress is greater in some directions than in others

The amount of stress is greater in some directions than in others

If grains within a sedimentary rock are ROUNDED, which statement is true? The rounding of the grains does not tell us anything about the rock. The rock consisting of angular grains would be considered well sorted. The material was deposited close to the source. The material was transported a great distance from its source or parent rock.

The material was transported a great distance from its source or parent rock

A low viscosity magma will flow more easily than a magma with high viscosity. True False

True

As silica in a magma increases, viscosity also increases. True False

True

Which of the following can we understand by studying sedimentary rocks? past changes in climate how environments in a location shifted through time past geological events, such as landslides all of the choices

all of the choices

What type of rock would be formed in this plant-rich swamp? iron formation rock salt and other evaporite minerals chert limestone coal

coal

Which of the following rock types would be associated with a high energy environment? shale conglomerate chert limestone

conglomerate

Determine the environment of deposition for the mudstone in the picture below. shallow marine Steep mountain front sand dunes on a beach plant-rich swamp

shallow marine

Which of the following sediments would most likely be found in the middle of a lake? silt boulders cobbles gravel

silt

A sediment sample contains the distribution of grain sizes shown in the graph below. Using the data provided in the graph, determine which environment this sample most likely came from. beach mountain river glacier swamp desert sand dune

swamp

Mud cracks form because wet mud dries out and the sediment contracts dinosaur footprints have been preserved as fossils a moving current pushes sediment into ridges and troughs a current slows and deposits coarser sediment on the bottom and finer sediment on the top

wet mud dries out and the sediment contracts