Test 2 - (Test 1 & Quiz 1-5)

Potassium, a metal with one electron in the outermost shell, will react with how many chlorine atoms? (Chlorine is a nonmetal with seven electrons in the outermost shell.) A) 5 B) 7 C) 1 D) 2 E) 3

1

Potassium, a metal with one electron in the outermost shell, will react with how many chlorine atoms? (Chlorine is a nonmetal with seven electrons in the outermost shell.) A) 5 B) 7 C) 1 D) 2 E) 3

1

Which of the following have cell walls? Select all that apply. 1.plant cells 2.animal cells 3.fungal cells 4. bacterial cells A) 1 and 4 only B)1 and 3 only C) 1, 2, and 4 only D) 1, 3 and 4 only E) All have cell walls

1, 3 and 4 only

If an element has an atomic number of 12, how many electrons are in its outermost shell? A) 1 B) 10 C) 8 D) 2 E)12

2

In a nucleotide, the phosphate is attached to the _____ carbon of the sugar, and the base is attached to the _____ carbon of the sugar. A) 1'; 5' B)2'; 3' C) 3'; 5' D) 5'; 1' E)5'; 3'

5'; 1'

The isotope 146C has A) 14 electrons B) 6 neutrons. C) 8 protons D) 8 neutrons E) 8 electrons

8 neutrons

Which statement regarding the scientific method is false? A) Hypotheses are tentative explanations of observed phenomena B) A hypothesis may become a theory, which may become a law C) Deductive reasoning is often used in the design of an experiment D) A control group is always exposed to the factor being tested E) Conclusions are formed after an experiment is conducted

A control group is always exposed to the factor being tested

From your lab concerning macromolecules, reducing sugars are: A) A reducing sugar is any sugar capable of acting as a reducing agent because it has either a free aldehyde or free ketone group B)A reducing sugar is any sugar capable of acting as a reducing agent because it has a free aldehyde group C)A reducing sugar is any sugar capable of acting as a reducing agent because it has a free ketone group D) A reducing sugar is a carbohydrate that is not oxidized by a weak oxidizing agent (an oxidizing agent that oxidizes aldehydes but not alcohols).

A reducing sugar is any sugar capable of acting as a reducing agent because it has either a free aldehyde or free ketone group

The bond that forms between amino acids: A)connects amino groups and carboxyl groups of adjacent amino acids B) connects hydrogen atoms of adjacent amino acids. C) connects amino groups and R groups of adjacent amino acids. D) connects water molecules and carboxyl groups of adjacent amino acids E) A peptide bond can form between any chemical groups of adjacent amino acids

A) connects amino groups and carboxyl groups of adjacent amino acids

An unmanned spacecraft has been sent to another planet to detect other life forms that might be quite different from those on Earth. If the probe could only send back one still picture, which property or properties of life would be most evident? A) organization B) homeostasis and metabolism C) growth and reproduction D) response to stimuli E) evolution

A) organization

All of the following are properties of at least some prokaryotic cells except: A) a nucleus B) plasmids C) small size D) pili

A) a nucleus

The smallest unit that has all of the characteristics of life is the A) cell B) tissue C) organ D) organ system E) organism

A) cell

A possible explanation for a natural event, based on observations and past knowledge, is a A) hypothesis B) phenomenon C) control D) variable E) theory

A) hypothesis

The atomic mass of an element A) is determined by the number of its protons and neutrons B) equals the number of protons plus the number of electrons C) equals the number of neutrons D) changes after each reaction E) depends on the number of electrons in the outermost shell

A) is determined by the number of its protons and neutrons

Polar covalent bonds result from A) unequal sharing of electrons in a covalent bond B) equal sharing of electrons in a covalent bond C) equal sharing of electrons in an ionic bond D) unequal sharing of electrons in an ionic bond E) hydrogen bonding between molecules

A) unequal sharing of electrons in a covalent bond

Exposure of purified phospholipids to water results in the spontaneous formation of: a) lipid bilayers. B) triacylglycerols. C) steroids. D) polypeptides.

A- LIPID BILAYERS

Miller and Urey's initial simulation resulted in the formation of which one of the following? A)amino acids B)DNA C)glucose D)phospholipids

A-AMINO ACIDS

Which one of the following represents the flow of information as described by the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology? a) Information in DNA is transcribed into RNA and then translated into protein. B) Information in DNA is translated into RNA and then transcribed into protein. C) Information in protein is translated into RNA and then stored as DNA. D) Information in RNA is transcribed into DNA and then translated into protein.

A-Information in DNA is transcribed into RNA and then translated into protein.

Synthesis of a protein destined to function in the nucleus occurs: A) in the cytosol. B) on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. C)on the outer leaf of the nuclear envelope. D) in the Golgi apparatus.

A-in the cytosol.

Where are lysosomal enzymes synthesized? A) on the rough endoplasmic reticulum B) in the cytosol C) on the Golgi apparatus D) in a vesicle

A-on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

All organisms store energy in a chemical form called: A) glucose B) DNA C) ATP D) RNA

ATP

Which one of the following can contribute to a protein's tertiary structure? A) covalent bonding B)hydrogen bonding C)All of these choices are correct. D) van der Waal's forces E)ionic bonding

All of these choices are correct.

14C is an isotope of carbon that possesses: A) 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 2 electrons. B) 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. C) 8 protons, 6 neutrons, and 2 electrons. D) 6 protons, 2 neutrons, and 6 electrons

B) 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons.

Why does active transport require ATP? A) An input of energy is needed to speed up the rate of facilitated diffusion B) An input of energy is needed to allow the movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to one of higher concentration C) An input of energy is needed to maintain the conformation of transport proteins D) An input of energy is needed to both speed up the rate of facilitated diffusion and maintain the conformation of transport proteins

B) An input of energy is needed to allow the movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to one of higher concentration

How is a carrier protein different from a channel protein? A) Carrier proteins use ATP, but channel proteins do not B) Carrier proteins undergo conformational change so that they are open alternately to one side of the membrane or the other. C) Transport through carrier proteins depends on concentration gradients, but transport through channel proteins does not D) Transport through a carrier does not depend on the random motion of molecules

B) Carrier proteins undergo conformational change so that they are open alternately to one side of the membrane or the other.

Which one of the following biological polymers is defined by a physical property rather than a chemical structure? A) proteins B) lipids C) monosaccharides D) nucleic acids

B) LIPIDS

Which of the following correctly reflects the process of science? A) Observation => hypothesis formulation => question => experiment => prediction B) Observation => question => hypothesis formulation => experiment => support or refute hypothesis C) Observation => question => hypothesis formulation => experiment => prove or disprove hypothesis D) Observation => question => experiment => hypothesis formulation => prove or disprove hypothesis

B) Observation => question => hypothesis formulation => experiment => support or refute hypothesis

Which one of the following amino acids is MOST likely to participate in hydrogen bonding with water? A) alanine B) asparagine C) leucine D) phenylalanine

B) asparagine

In double-stranded DNA, the amount of A equals that of T and the amount of C equals that of G because: A) the strands wind around one another. B) the strands have complementary sequences of bases. C) pyrimidines always pair with each other, as do purines. D) one strand runs 5' to 3' and the other 3' to 5'.

B) the strands have complementary sequences of bases.

Turgor pressure is the result of: A) the activity of the contractile vacuole B) water accumulation within a cell C) the rigidity of the plasma membrane D) All of these choices are correct

B) water accumulation within a cell

Which one of the following is not considered part of the cytoplasm? A)the endoplasmic reticulum B)the nucleus C) the Golgi apparatus D) the cytoskeleton

B- THE NUCLEUS

The structural formula shown is of two amino acids joined together to form a dipeptide. The carbons in this dipeptide are numbered 1 through 4. Use this formula to answer the question below. (picture) Which of the carbons is involved in a peptide bond? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

B-2

You have two types of cells that both produce a particular protein. You notice that when you heat up the cells, the first type of cell's protein loses function while the second type of cell's protein retains function. How is this possible? A) The protein of the second type of cell has a completely different primary structure from the protein of the first type of cell. B) The second type of cell expresses a chaperone protein that the first type does not. C) The first cell has weaker mRNA D) None of the other answer options is correct

B-The second type of cell expresses a chaperone protein that the first type does not.

If fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is performed on two membranes, one at 25ºC and the other at 40ºC, which one of the following results would most likely be observed? A)Only the membrane at the higher temperature would recover fluorescence in the bleached area. B) Only the membrane at the lower temperature would recover fluorescence in the bleached area. C)Both membranes would recover fluorescence in the bleached area, but the membrane at the warmer temperature would recover more rapidly. D)Both membranes would recover fluorescence in the bleached area, but the membrane at the colder temperature would recover more rapidly.

Both membranes would recover fluorescence in the bleached area, but the membrane at the warmer temperature would recover more rapidly.

Which statement is FALSE regarding science? A) Science helps us to understand the natural world B) Science strives to be objective rather than subjectiv C) Correct scientific conclusions are permanent and never subject to change or refinement D) Information is gathered by scientific methods E) Information is gained by observing and testing

C) Correct scientific conclusions are permanent and never subject to change or refinement

Which of the following molecules is NOT a compound? A) H2O B) HCl C) H2 D) C6H12O6 e)NaOH

C) H2

Which of the following is not a typical component of an animal cell's plasma membrane? Select all correct choices. A) protein B) lipid C) nucleic acid D) carbohydrate

C) nucleic acid

Consider the two elements, sodium (Na) and magnesium (Mg), which occupy the same row in the periodic table of elements. Sodium and magnesium atoms will have: A) a different number of orbitals. B) the same atomic number. C)different atomic masses D) the same number of electrons in their outermost orbitals.

C- different atomic masses

There are extensive ionic interactions between positively charged R groups and negatively charged R groups on the polypeptide A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary

C-tertiary

At physiological pH, the ionized state of the carboxyl (COOH) group in the R group of aspartic acid is: A) COOH B)COOH+ C) COO- D) None are correct

C: COO-

During osmosis, water moves from a region of _________ to a region of _________. a)high solvent concentration; low solvent concentration AND low/high salute concentration B)low solute concentration; high solute concentration C)high solute concentration; low solute concentration D) high solvent concentration; low solvent concentration

Correct Answer A) high solvent concentration; low solvent concentration AND low/high salute concentration

Which one of the following nucleotides hydrogen base pairs with adenine in an RNA molecule? A) cytosine B) thymine C) uracil D) adenine E) guanine

Correct Answer C) uracil

Which one of the following CORRECTLY lists the components necessary for eukaryotic transcription? A) RNA polymerase, general transcription factors, DNA, and RNA nucleotides B) RNA polymerase, general transcription factors, DNA, and DNA nucleotides C) ribosomes, general transcription factors, DNA, and DNA nucleotides D) ribosomes, general transcription factors, DNA, and RNA nucleotides

Correct Response A) RNA polymerase, general transcription factors, DNA, and RNA nucleotides

All of the following are properties of prokaryotic cells except: A) internal membrane compartments. B) plasmids. C)small size. D)pili.

Correct Response A) internal membrane compartments.

Experiments by Francesco Redi and Louis Pasteur demonstrated that life comes from pre-existing life. Which of the following is a variable that both experiments had in common? A) The experiments were set up in such a way that kept certain things from entering the jar or flask. B) both experiments looked for the presence of maggots and yeast as an indication of spontaneous generation. C) the presence absence of air in the jar or flask D)the presence or absence of nutrients in the jar or flask

Correct Response A) the experiments were set up in such a way that kept certain things from entering the jar or flask.

For an atom that is NOT an ion, which of the following must be TRUE? A)The number of electrons equals the number of protons B)The number of electrons equals the number of neutrons C) The number of protons equals the number of neutrons

Correct Response A) The number of electrons equals the number of protons

Chromatin is composed of: A) histones and DNA. B) histones, DNA and RNA. C) histones, DNA, and acidic proteins. D) histones and DNA surrounded by a membrane.

Correct Response A) histones and DNA.

Secondary structure is characterized by which one of the following types of interactions? A) hydrogen bonding within the peptide backbone B) a covalent bond between two cysteines C) ionic bonding between an acidic R group and a basic R group D) hydrogen bonding between R groups of amino acids E) the covalent bond between an amino nitrogen and a carboxyl carbon

Correct Response A) hydrogen bonding within the peptide backbone

How does a peptide bond form between amino acids? A)through the interaction between amino groups and carboxyl groups of adjacent amino acids B)through the interaction between hydrogen atoms of adjacent amino acids C) through the interaction between amino groups and r groups of adjacent amino acids D)through the interaction between water molecules and carboxyl groups of adjacent amino acids

Correct Response A)through the interaction between amino groups and carboxyl groups of adjacent amino acids

Identify the structure type: Hydrogen bonds between peptide backbone components form a distinct helical structure. A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary

Correct Response B) secondary

An atom with three electrons has: A) one occupied orbital with three electrons B) two occupied orbitals, one of which has two electrons and the other has one. C) three occupied orbitals, each of which contains one electron D) three energy shells, each of which contains one electron.

Correct Response B) two occupied orbitals, one of which has two electrons and the other has one.

How do eukaryotic plant and animal cells differ from one another? A) Animal cells have mitochondria but not chloroplasts, and plant cells have chloroplasts but not mitochondria B) Animal cells do not have chloroplasts and cell walls, and plant cells do C) Animal cells have endoplasmic reticulum and plant cells don't D) Animal cells have a plasma membrane and plant cells have a cell wall.

Correct Response B) Animal cells do not have chloroplasts and cell walls, and plant cells do

At physiological pH, the ionized state of the amino (NH2) group in the R group of lysine is: A) NH2 B) NH3+ C) NH4++ D) NH-

Correct Response B) NH3+

What is a hypothesis? A) the same thing as an unproven theory B) a tentative explanation that can be tested by experiments C) a verifiable observation D) an experiment that leads to a prediction E)None of the other answer options is correct

Correct Response B) a tentative explanation that can be tested by experiments

In double-stranded DNA, the sugar-phosphate backbones are: A) on the outside, separated by grooves of equal size. Correct Response B) on the outside, separated by grooves of unequal size. C) on the inside, separated by grooves of equal size. D) on the inside, separated by grooves of unequal size.

Correct Response B) on the outside, separated by grooves of unequal size.

In a DNA strand, successive nucleotides are linked by: A) hydrogen bonds B) base stacking C) 3'-5' phosphodiester bonds D) 2'-5' phosphodiester bonds E) peptide bonds

Correct Response C) 3'-5' phosphodiester bonds

Which of the following is TRUE of DNA? A) Successive nucleotides in a strand are connected by hydrogen bonds. B) A phosphate group in a nucleotide is attached to the 3′ carbon in ribose. Correct Response C) A purine always forms a complementary base pair with a pyrimidine. D) The percentage of the purine A always equals the percentage of the purine G. E) It is used by ribosomes for translation.

Correct Response C) A purine always forms a complementary base pair with a pyrimidine.

Which of the following CORRECTLY describes the complementary base pairing of adenine in both DNA and RNA? A) Adenine pairs with thymine in both DNA and RNA. B) Adenine pairs with uracil in DNA and with thymine in RNA. C) Adenine pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA. D) Adenine pairs with cytosine in DNA and with guanine in RNA. E) Adenine pairs with guanine in DNA and with cytosine in RNA.

Correct Response C) Adenine pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA.

The function of a protein is dependent upon the shape into which the chain of amino acids folds. Many noncovalent interactions are responsible for maintaining the protein's shape. Assume you have isolated a protein from an organism in its proper shape, and you have treated it with an enzyme that selectively targets and breaks only the peptide bonds in the proteins. Would the protein retain its shape under these conditions? A) Yes; once noncovalent bonding determines the shape of a protein, the peptide bonds are no longer necessary. B) Yes; because the noncovalent interactions that determine the shape of a protein are stronger than the peptide bonds. C)No; while the noncovalent bonds determine the shape of a protein, the peptide bonds are required to hold the amino acids together. D)Yes; but the shape would be affected to a greater extent by changes in temperature.

Correct Response C) No; while the noncovalent bonds determine the shape of a protein, the peptide bonds are required to hold the amino acids together.

Some diseases result from defective transport across the membrane. For example, cystic fibrosis results when a chloride ion transporter does not function. Which of the following is affected when this transporter does not function? (PICTURE) A)the chloride concentration gradient B) the electrical gradient of the cell C)both the chloride concentration gradient and the electrical gradient of the cell D) neither the chloride gradient nor the electrical gradient of the cell

Correct Response C) both the chloride concentration gradient and the electrical gradient of the cell

When carrying out a controlled experiment, it is important to: A)change multiple variables at once to see the full effect of the variables B) subject different groups to different conditions C)change only one variable at a time D) All of these choices are correct

Correct Response C) change only one variable at a time

Which of the following sequences correctly represents the scientific approach to learning? A) question → experiment → hypothesis → observation → support or refute hypothesis B) observation → question → experiment → hypothesis → prediction C) observation → question → hypothesis → experiment → support or refute hypothesis D) hypothesis → question → experiment → observation → prove or disprove hypothesis

Correct Response C) observation → question → hypothesis → experiment → support or refute hypothesis

Nucleic acids are important information storage molecules present in virtually every cell. Which of the following process are carried out by a cell when it accesses that information in the DNA of the genes? A) DNA replication and transcription B)DNA replication and translation C) transcription and translation

Correct Response C) transcription and translation

Which of the following actions would affect the secondary, but not primary, structure of a protein? A) change the sequence of amino acids B) break the ionic bonds between amino acids C) break the hydrogen bonds between amino acids D) disrupt the interactions between two different polypeptide chains

Correct Response C)break the hydrogen bonds between amino acids

Which one of the following is NOT a component of an amino acid? A)a-carbon B) amino group C)triphosphate group D) side chain

Correct Response C)triphosphate group

A polymerization reaction is made irreversible by: A) hybridization of a free nucleotide to a template. B) breaking of the bond between the 2' carbon and the hydroxyl group. C) creation of a phosphodiester bond. D) hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate group into two inorganic phosphates. E) the entry of a free nucleotide into an RNA polymerase.

Correct Response D) hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate group into two inorganic phosphates.

In a double-stranded DNA molecule, the strands are said to be antiparallel because: A) they wind around one another. B) each purine of one strand pairs with a pyrimidine of another. C) they form an uneven pair of grooves on the outside of molecule. D) one strand runs 5' to 3' and the other 3' to 5'.

Correct Response D) one strand runs 5' to 3' and the other 3' to 5

In an RNA world, which of the following processes would NOT take place? A) transcription B) translation C) DNA replication D) None of the other answer options is correct.

Correct Response D) None of the other answer options is correct.

Which of the following statements is based on scientific observation and reasoning? A) Some chemical compounds react differently in different human cultures. B)If a tree falls in a forest but this is never witnessed by a human, there are no physical or biological consequences. C)Many physical and biological phenomena lack any cause-and-effect; outcomes from one situation may be one way today and another tomorrow. D) Objects fall downward anywhere on the earth's surface regardless of the observer. E)A scientist records only the data that are easiest to interpret.

Correct Response D) Objects fall downward anywhere on the earth's surface regardless of the observer.

The discovery that DNA from killed virulent bacterial can transform live harmless bacteria into virulent forms means that DNA: A) is double stranded. B) is transcribed into RNA. C) codes for proteins. D) contains information that controls an organism's traits.

Correct Response D) contains information that controls an organism's traits.

You are studying a protein that you call Protein X. There is an aspartic acid at a key position in Protein X that is important in the folding and stabilization of that protein. If this aspartic acid is changed to a different amino acid, which one of the following amino acid substitutions is most likely to allow the protein to fold normally? A)threonine B)glycine C)arginine D)glutamic acid E) serine

Correct Response D) glutamic acid

A hypothesis is considered a theory when the: A) results of a single experiment support the hypothesis. B)hypothesis has been revised many time C) results of several experiments do not support the hypothesis D) results of several experiments support the hypothesis

Correct Response D) results of several experiments support the hypothesis

When a mixture of debris from killed virulent bacteria and living non-virulent bacteria are injected into mice: A) the mice are killed because the virulent bacteria are revived. B)the mice survive because none of the living bacteria are virulent. C) the mice survive for a period of a few weeks and then die from an unrelated illness. D) the mice are killed because the non-virulent bacteria are transformed into virulent bacteria.

Correct Response D) the mice are killed because the non-virulent bacteria are transformed into virulent bacteria.

Two major types of protein secondary structures are referred to as: A) elementary and primary B) amino and carboxyl C) residual and permanent D)α helix and β sheet E) ionic and covalent

Correct Response D) α helix and β sheet

The structural formula shown is of two amino acids joined together to form a dipeptide. The carbons in this dipeptide are numbered 1 through 4. Use this formula to answer the question below. (Picture) Which of the carbons are α carbons? A) 1 and 2 B) 2 and 3 C) 3 and 4 D) 1 and 3 E) 2 and 4

Correct Response D)1 and 3

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for at least a portion of a eukaryote's A) carbohydrate synthesis and modification of lipids synthesized in the ER. B)targeting of proteins to their final Destinations. C)modification of proteins synthesized in ER. D) All are Correct

Correct Response D)All are Correct

The two types of secondary structure interactions are referred to as: A) primary and secondary. B) amide and carbonyl. C) residual and permanent. D) a-helix and b-sheet.

Correct Response D)a-helix and b-sheet.

The strands in a double helix of DNA are: A) Antiparallel. B)complementary. C)held together via hydrogen bonds. D)wound around each other with 10 base pairs per turn. E) `All of these choices are correct.

Correct Response E) All of these choices are correct.

In which of the following cellular processes is RNA involved? A) transcription B) translation C) splicing D) transcription and translation E) All of these choices are correct

Correct Response E) All of these choices are correct

RNA polymerase complex can do which of the following? A) allow RNA-DNA hybrids to form B) release a finished RNA transcript from a DNA template C) separate DNA strands D) restore the original DNA strands E) All of these choices are correct.

Correct Response E) All of these choices are correct.

The central dogma of molecular biology refers to: A) replication only. B) transcription only. C) translation only. D) replication and transcription. E) transcription and translation.

Correct Response E) transcription and translation

Deoxyribonucleic acid is used for: A)transmission of information. B)storage of information. C) energy storage. D) A and B are correct.

D) A and B are correct.

Which of the following types of organisms are based on cellular life? A) bacteria B) yeast C) animals D) All living organisms are based on cells.

D) All living organisms are based on cells.

Which statement regarding the scientific method is FALSE? A) Inductive reasoning is used to form a hypothesis. B) Observations are used to form a hypothesis. C) Experiments need to be repeatable. D) Original hypotheses are formed after an experiment. E) The control and experimental group are identical except for one variable.

D) Original hypotheses are formed after an experiment.

A phosphodiester bond is formed between: A) a fatty acid and a glycerol molecule. B)two amino acids. C) a base and a sugar. D) a 5' phosphate and a 3' hydroxyl group

D) a 5' phosphate and a 3' hydroxyl group

The term "biodiversity" refers to A) a study of ecosystems without consideration of the living organisms B) the similarities between species C) the rate of extinction of species due to human activities D) the total number of species, variation of species and the ecosystems in which they live E)the study of food chains within an ecosystem

D) the total number of species, variation of species and the ecosystems in which they live

In which of the following can protein synthesis occur in eukaryotes? Select all correct choices. A) the cytoplasm B) the rough endoplasmic reticulum C) the nucleus D)Both A and B

D)Both A and B

Proteins that do not refold properly after being heated generally require the assistance of which one of the following types of molecules in cells? A) polymerases B)ribosomes C)enhancers D) chaperones E) transferases

D- CHAPERONES

Which of the following is NOT a key feature of individual cells? A) the ability to store and transit information using nucleic acids B) the presence of a plasma membrane C) the ability to harvest and transform energy from the environment D) the presence of a nucleus

D-the presence of a nucleus

The Atom: A) is the basic unit of matter. B) is the unit of composition for elements. C) contains protons, neutrons, and electrons. D) All of these statements about atoms are correct.

D= ALL ARE CORRECT

Phospholipids spontaneously form a variety of structures in aqueous solution. This property accounts at least in part for which of the following? A) the first cells B)formation of lipid bilayers C) the ability of vesicles to fuse with the plasma membrane (exocytosis) D)the ability of vesicles to bud off from the plasma membrane (endocytosis) E) All of the answer options depend on this property of phospholipids

E) All of the answer options depend on this property of phospholipids

Which component of a phospholipid is found in the interior of a lipid bilayer? A)glycerol B) fatty acids C)phosphate group

FATTY ACIDS

Which cellular structure is responsible for packaging materials with the cell? a)mitochondria B) chloroplasts C) Golgi apparatus d) ribosomes E) lysosomes

Golgi apparatus

In lab, a dialysis tube is filled with a 15% sucrose solution, sealed, and placed in an unlabeled beaker filled with clear liquid. The dialysis tube is made of a semipermeable membrane that allows the free passage of water, but is not permeable to sucrose. After 2 hours, the bag in the beaker decreases in size and becomes flaccid. This observation suggests that at the beginning of the experiment, the solution in the bag was __________________ compared to the solution in the beaker.

HYPOTONIC

Which way does the water move if the cell is in a hypotonic environment? A) out of the cell B) into the cell C) Water doesn't move across the hydrophobic core of cell membranes

INTO THE CELL

Which of the following is NOT a property of water that results from hydrogen bonding? A) The temperature of water changes very slowly B) Many polar substances dissolve in water C) Water molecules have cohesiveness. D) Ice melts at -100°C. E) Water has a high surface tension

Ice melts at -100°C.

In Pasteur's experiment showing that living organisms arise from other living organisms, which one of the following statements most accurately describes Pasteur's hypothesis? A) Straight-neck flasks allow for more contamination than swan-neck flasks. B) Sterilization of broth kills microbes. C) If microbes arise from non-living matter, they should appear spontaneously in sterile broth. D) Microbes should be capable of growing equally well in sterile broth contained in both straight-neck and swan-neck flasks

If microbes arise from non-living matter, they should appear spontaneously in sterile broth.

You have discovered a new species of prokaryote in a deep sea thermal vent. Without any further characterization, which one of the following statements could you make about this species with a high degree of certainty? A) These organisms store their genetic information in a compartment called a nucleus. B) Information in DNA is translated into RNA and then transcribed into protein. C) The organisms are from the domain Archaea. D) None of the above statements can be made with certainty.

None of the above statements can be made with certainty.

Which one of the following is NOT a component of an animal cell's plasma membrane? A) Protein B)Lipid C) Nucleic Acid D) Carbohydrate

Nucleic Acid

Which of the following statements is based on scientific observation and reasoning? A) Some chemical compounds react differently in different human cultures B) If a tree falls in a forest but this is never witnessed by a human, there are no physical or biological consequences C) Many physical and biological phenomena lack any cause-and-effect; outcomes from one situation may be one way today and another tomorrow D) Objects fall downward anywhere on the earth's surface regardless of the observer E) A scientist records only the data that are easiest to interpret

Objects fall downward anywhere on the earth's surface regardless of the observer

Seed Variety Level of Locus Infestation Pot 1 Yield Pot 2 Yield Pot 3 Yield Average Yield Standard Deviation REDUCTION CALCULATIONS Transgenic RC-21-10 None 190.0 193.2 187.8 190.3 2.7 11.30% Low 178.8 172.6 179.6 177.0 3.8 High 172.3 169.0 165.2 168.8 3.6 RT-20-05 None 181.6 182.8 189.8 184.7 4.4 17.30% Low 179.9 171.2 170.6 173.9 5.2 High 155.4 149.6 153.3 152.8 2.9 non-Transgenic Winter Strong None 174.0 172.3 174.6 173.6 1.2 20.14% Low 164.0 162.6 168.3 165.0 3.0 High 139.5 136.4 140.1 138.7 2.0 Super Grow None 164.1 164.3 161.9 163.4 1.3 25.45% Low 164.0 162.6 168.3 165.0 3.0 High 118.6 126.1 120.8 121.8 3.9 Which seed variety has the highest yield under conditions of no infestation? A) RC-21-10 B) RT-20-05 C) Winter Strong D) Super Grow

RC-21-10

Which of the following statements is NOT true of chemical bonds? A) Both ionic and covalent bonds involve electrons in the outer shell. B) Covalent bonds share electrons between two atoms. C) An atom involved in an ionic bond has an unequal number of electrons and protons D) Salts are covalently bonded (Remember, salts are formed by a metal bonding with a non-metal such as a halide, e.g., NaCl) E) The atoms in a molecule of water (H2O) are covalently bound together

Salts are covalently bonded (Remember, salts are formed by a metal bonding with a non-metal such as a halide, e.g., NaCl)

An explanation supported by a large body of observations and experimentation is referred to as a(n): A)prediction B)theory C) hypothesis D)supposition E) investigation

THEORY

What will happen to an animal cell placed in a high salt water solution? A) The cell will shrink B) the cell will expand C)the cell will burst D) the cell will shrink and then expand and then shrink again E) None of these are correct.

The cell will shrink

Seed Variety Level of Locus Infestation Pot 1 Yield Pot 2 Yield Pot 3 Yield Average Yield Standard Deviation REDUCTION CALCULATIONS Transgenic RC-21-10 None 190.0 193.2 187.8 190.3 2.7 11.30% Low 178.8 172.6 179.6 177.0 3.8 High 172.3 169.0 165.2 168.8 3.6 RT-20-05 None 181.6 182.8 189.8 184.7 4.4 17.30% Low 179.9 171.2 170.6 173.9 5.2 High 155.4 149.6 153.3 152.8 2.9 non-Transgenic Winter Strong None 174.0 172.3 174.6 173.6 1.2 20.14% Low 164.0 162.6 168.3 165.0 3.0 High 139.5 136.4 140.1 138.7 2.0 Super Grow None 164.1 164.3 161.9 163.4 1.3 25.45% Low 164.0 162.6 168.3 165.0 3.0 High 118.6 126.1 120.8 121.8 3.9 Which non-transgenic seed variety was most resistant to Locus at high infestation levels? A) RC-21-10 B) RT-20-05 C) winter Strong D) Super Grow

Winter Strong

The electrical component of an electrochemical gradient is due to: A)the use of ATP as an energy source to drive primary transport. B)a greater concentration of positive charges on the side of the membrane with the lowest concentration of protons. C) a higher pH on the side of the membrane with the highest concentration of protons. D) a higher pH on the side of the membrane with the lowest concentration of protons. E)a greater concentration of positive charges on the side of the membrane with the highest concentration of protons.

a greater concentration of positive charges on the side of the membrane with the highest concentration of protons.

Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonding is INCORRECT? A) Hydrogen bonding occurs only between water molecules B) Hydrogen bonds are easily broken C)Hydrogen bonding can occur between different molecules or within the same molecule D)Most hydrogen bonds involve hydrogen and oxygen or nitrogen E) The structure of a large, complex molecule can be influenced by hydrogen bonding

a-Hydrogen bonding occurs only between water molecules

What factors are required for net movement of a substance to occur by facilitated diffusion? A) a concentration gradient B) a plasma membrane C) a transport protein D) All of these choices are correct.

all are correct

What is wrong with this diagram of secondary structure in a polypeptide chain? (picture---IF TWO ARROWS UP, THEN?) a) It has two amino ends. B) The directionality of the polypeptide chain reverses orientation between the arrows representing a β sheet. C)β sheets cannot form when the arrows are pointed in opposite directions. D) Nothing is wrong with the diagram.

answer A-It has two amino ends. (arrow up and down) answer B- IF TWO ARROWS UP

Which one of the following is least likely to cross a lipid bilayer? O2 CO2 ATP H2O N2

atp

In the late 1800s, Louis Pasteur was searching for a vaccine for anthrax in livestock. One French veterinarian had a local reputation for being able to cure anthrax by applying oils and wrapping the animal in cloth to induce a fever. Pasteur also knew that some animals got well on their own when left untreated. Pasteur tested the effectiveness of the local veterinarian's methods by injecting four cattle with anthrax bacteria. He then directed the veterinarian to perform his procedures on two cattle. The other two cattle were left alone. What is the rationale for Pasteur's experimental design? A) Two cattle represent a test of the veterinarian's hypothesis; two represent a test of Pasteur's hypothesis. B) Two cattle represent a test of the treatment; two serve as a control to determine the likelihood of survival without treatment C) Two cattle represent a test based on inductive reasoning; two serve to test deductive reasoning D) The two cattle that are treated are the only test being conducted; the other two cattle serve no purpose beyond representing all the untreated cattle in France E) The two cattle not being treated were just a whim on Pasteur's part.

b-Two cattle represent a test of the treatment; two serve as a control to determine the likelihood of survival without treatment

The moon lacks life and varies dramatically in temperature. If we could keep a layer of water spread on the surface of the moon, what effect would it have? A) Life would be possible but it would have to withstand these extremes in temperature B) Water would absorb and hold heat and moderate the temperature extremes C) The temperatures would drop to the lower extremes D) Because water has a high heat of vaporization, the temperatures would rise to the upper extremes E) Physical conditions would remain the same

b-Water would absorb and hold heat and moderate the temperature extremes

Which one of the following pairs would be classified as isotopes of each other? A)H and H+ B)Na+ and Cl c)12C and 13C D) H and H+, Na+ and Cl, C and Si, 12C and 13C

c) 12C AND 13C

In order for bilayers to form spontaneously, the pH of the solution should be: A) very acidic B) moderately acidic C) approximately neutral D)moderately basic E)very basic

c- approximately neutral

Which statement is FALSE regarding science? A) Science helps us to understand the natural world B) Science strives to be objective rather than subjective C) Correct scientific conclusions are permanent and never subject to change or refinement D) Information is gathered by scientific methods E) Information is gained by observing and testing

c-Correct scientific conclusions are permanent and never subject to change or refinement

A beaker contains two solutions of salt dissolved in water. The two solutions have different concentrations (measured by molarity, M) and are separated by a membrane that is permeable to both salt and water. (PICTURE) Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) There will be a net movement of salt from side A to side B B)There will be a net movement of salt, but net movement of water will not occur. C) There is more water in side A than there is in side B

c-There is more water in side A than there is in side B

The cell theory states: A)all organisms are composed of only one cell. B)organelles are the basic living unit of structure and function of organisms c)all cells come only from other cells d-all organisms are composed of only one cell AND organelles are the basic living unit of structure and function of organisms E)all multicellular organisms are unicellular at some point in their life cycle

c-all cells come only from other cells

In lab, a dialysis tube is filled with a 15% sucrose solution, sealed, and placed in an unlabeled beaker filled with clear liquid. The dialysis tube is made of a semipermeable membrane that allows the free passage of water, but is not permeable to sucrose. After two hours, the bag in the beaker increases in size and becomes turgid (swollen). This observation suggests that at the beginning of the experiment, the solution IN THE BAG was __________________ compared to the solution in the beaker. A) hypotonic B) isotonic Correct Response C) hypertonic

c-hypertonic

Which answer choice lists the steps of the scientific method in the correct order? A) hypothesis, observation, experiment, conclusion, scientific theory B) conclusion, hypothesis, observation, experiment, scientific theory C) observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion, scientific theory D) observation, experiment, hypothesis, conclusion, scientific theory E) scientific theory, conclusion, hypothesis, experiment, observation

c-observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion, scientific theory

All the organisms of various species living within a given area constitute a(n) A) biosphere B) ecosystem C) population D) domain E) community

community

The nucleolus A)contains RNA and is found in the nucleus B) contains DNA and is found in the nucleus C) contains RNA and is found in the cytoplasm D) contains DNA and is found in the cytoplasm E) contains ribosome subunits and is found in the cytoplasm

contains RNA and is found in the nucleus

Which of the following statements is based on scientific observation and reasoning? A) Some chemical compounds react differently in different human cultures B) If a tree falls in a forest but this is never witnessed by a human, there are no physical or biological consequences C) Many physical and biological phenomena lack any cause-and-effect; outcomes from one situation may be one way today and another tomorrow D) Objects fall downward anywhere on the earth's surface regardless of the observer E) A scientist records only the data that are easiest to interpret

d-Objects fall downward anywhere on the earth's surface regardless of the observer

Which statement regarding the scientific method is FALSE? a) Inductive reasoning is used to form a hypothesis. B) Observations are used to form a hypothesis. C) Experiments need to be repeatable. D) Original hypotheses are formed after an experiment. E) The control and experimental group are identical except for one variable.

d-Original hypotheses are formed after an experiment.

Calcium chloride, CaCl2, is an ionic compound in which A) one chlorine atom transferred an electron to the other chlorine atom B) each chlorine atom has lost electrons C) calcium has two extra electrons in its innermost shell D) calcium has gained two electrons E) calcium has lost two electrons

d-calcium has lost two electrons

A researcher samples the waters of the boiling hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. Under the microscope, she observes what appear to be living cells in the water. If these indeed are living cells, what type of cell would they most likely be? A)eukaryotic, animal B)eukaryotic, plant C) eukaryotic, fungi D) prokaryotic, archaea e)prokaryotic, bacteria

e-prokaryotic, archaea

DNA codes for the sequence of amino acids in the primary structure of a protein, but not for sugars or lipids. This is because A) only proteins are involved in living metabolic reactions. B) sugars and lipids code for their own replication c)sugars and lipids are ever present in the living environment and are not used in living structures. D) other hereditary molecules code for sugars and lipids E) proteins are the main structural and functional components of cells

e-proteins are the main structural and functional components of cells

A community of organisms along with their physical environment constitutes a(n) A) biosphere B) ecosystem C) population D) habitat E) community

ecosystem

Which one of the following is not part of the scientific method? A) experimentation B) theory C) fact D)hypothesis

fact

A saturated, 10 carbon fatty acid side chain has fewer hydrogen atoms than an unsaturated 10 carbon fatty acid side chain. True/ False

false

Most proteins retain metabolic activity when denatured True/False

false

Science technology is a basis for all ethical or moral decision true/false

false

The first cells were surrounded by a membrane composed largely of lipids synthesized by intracellular proteins A) True B) False

false

True or False: A single molecule is always either hydrophobic or hydrophillc, and can never possess (at the same time) a region that is hydrophobic and a region that is hydrophilic.

false

Structurally and functionally related groups of proteins are referred to as: A)relatives B) realms C)families D) domains

families

An ion is an atom that A) exists in a gaseous state B) has a net charge C) does not have a net charge D) shares electrons with other atoms E) shares neutrons with other atoms

has a net charge

When you are overheated, you perspire, and when you are too cold, you shiver to generate heat. Which property of life is best represented by this example? A) homeostasis B) development C) behavior D) organization E) adaptation

homeostasis

A solution that has a higher concentration of solute than another solution is called: A) hypertonic b) hypotonic C) isotonic D) concentration

hypertonic

If neutral atoms become positive ions, they A) gain electrons B) lose electrons C) gain protons D) lose protons E) do not change

lose electrons

Each of the following is known to aid in the functioning of cellular enzymes except: A) copper (Cu) B)mercury (Hg) C)iron (Fe) D)zinc (Zn)

mercury (Hg)

When researchers test a new human cancer drug using mice, the mice constitute the A) hypothesis B) data C) experimental design D) model E) control

model

A deoxyribose linked to a thymine is referred to as a: A) nucleotide B) nucleoside C)purine nucleotide D) purine nucleoside E) nucleotide or purine nucleotide

nucleoside

Within eukaryotic cells, the ____ is surrounded by a double membrane and carries the coding that determines protein synthesis. A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum B) chloroplast C) nucleolus D)nucleus E) rough endoplasmic reticulum

nucleus

Which one of the following is characteristic of both living organisms and non-living material? A) the capacity to evolve B) the ability to reproduce C) complexity, with spatial organization on several levels D) obeying the basic laws of chemistry and physics

obeying the basic laws of chemistry and physics

Which answer choice lists the steps of the scientific method in the correct order? A) hypothesis, observation, experiment, conclusion, scientific theory B) conclusion, hypothesis, observation, experiment, scientific theory C) observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion, scientific theory D) observation, experiment, hypothesis, conclusion, scientific theory E) scientific theory, conclusion, hypothesis, experiment, observation

observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion, scientific theory

Which one of the following scientists tested the hypothesis that microorganisms can arise by spontaneous generation? A)Elena and Lenski B)Redi C) Pasteur D)Darwin

pasteur

The lipid components of cellular membranes often include: 1)phospholipids 2) phospholipids and fatty acids 3)fatty acids and cholesterol 4) phospholipids and cholesterol

phospholipids and cholesterol

Which structure regulates passage of molecules into and out of the bacterial cell? A) plasma membrane B) nucleus C) mitochondria D) chloroplast E)flagella

plasma membrane

Which one of the following is moved from one side of a lysosomal membrane to the other by a transport protein in the lysosomal membrane? A)protons B)broken-down macromolecules C)enzymes capable of breaking down macromolecules being delivered from the Golgi apparatus d)protons and broken-down macromolecules

protons and broken-down macromolecules

The nucleus of an atom contains A) neutrons and electrons B) electrons only C) protons, neutrons, and electrons D) protons and neutrons E) neutrons only

protons and neutrons

If a cell lacked ribosomes, it would NOT be able to A) form a spindle apparatus B)synthesize proteins C)respire D)hydrolyze fat E) form a Golgi vesicle

synthesize proteins

The lower the pH A) the lower the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration B) the more acidic the solution C) the lower the hydrogen ion concentration D) the greater the hydroxide ion (OH-) concentration E) the closer the hydroxide ion (OH-) concentration comes to equaling the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration.

the more acidic the solution

Isotopes of a given element have A) the same number of protons but differ in atomic mass B) the same atomic mass but different number of protons C) different number of electrons D) the same number of protons and atomic mass e) the same number of neutrons

the same number of protons but differ in atomic mass

An explanation supported by a large body of observations and experimentation is referred to as a(n): A) prediction B)theory C)hypothesis D)supposition

theory

Figure 5.2 shows a common biological phospholipid called phosphatidyl choline. Which of the following is not a component of phosphatidyl choline? A) glycerol B) choline C) phosphate D) three fatty acids E) None of the other answer options is correct.

three fatty acids

A decrease in fatty acid side chain saturation leads to an increase in membrane fluidity. A) True B) False

true

In the Miller-Urey experiment, they were trying to determine whether the primordial atmosphere of Earth could support the synthesis of complex organic molecules, which are necessary if life is to eventually develop. Thus, the experiments show that organic molecules can form under abiotic conditions. A) True B) False

true

Organisms increase the number of double bonds in the fatty acid side chains of their membrane phospholipids as the average temperature decreases. A) True B) False

true