test 3 chs. 4 & 12

When everyone in her class said that they liked to dance, Jill reported liking to dancing, too, even though she dislikes dancing. That way Jill changed her attitude about dancing so her opinion matched that of her classmates is an example of

Conformity

Mr. Lahore has hired four college students to paint his house. Given what you know about social loafing, which set of conditions is likely to produce the best work?

Each student paints one room by himself.

When attitudes influence feelings and behavior on an unconscious level they are called

Implicit

Sampson is a physician who sees many elderly patients. He is likely to notice decreases in their cognitive functioning in all of the following ways EXCEPT

Knowledge of basic facts

Margo is a new college student. According to research, with whom is Margo most likely to become friends?

Matt, the boy who lives down the hall who she sees every day

Eleven-month-old Luis watches at his mother come in and out of his bedroom while she is putting away laundry. Luis does not get upset when his mother leaves the room since he seems to know that this mother is still in the house, even if he cannot see her. Luis is demonstrating which of the following?

Object Permanence

Which of the following is the main conclusion from Milgram's shock experiments?

Ordinary people will do terrible things if ordered by an authority

Which of the following social psychology principles is illustrated in the Stanford prison study?

People will behave according to their social roles in a situation.

A child is playing at the beach. She pours an equal amount of sand into both a short, fat container and a tall, thin container. When asked which container holds more sand, the child points to the tall, thin container. This response suggests that she is most likely in the ... stage of cognitive development.

Preoperational

Kane and MJ are sitting across from each other drawing pictures of their family room. When asked to draw the family room from MJ's perspective, Kane draws a picture of what he can see himself. Kane is likely in the ... stage of cognitive development.

Preoperational

twelve-year-old Teetham spent the whole summer at camp. When he returned home, his parents were surprised that he was taller, more muscular, and that his voice has deepened. These physical changes are examples of which of the following?

Secondary sex characteristics

The more that Edward sees Bella on campus, the more positive his attitudes become towards her. Edward's attitude is becoming more positive with every encounter because of

The mere exposure effect

the first cell of new life which is created from the union of the sperm and the egg is known as

a zygote

When Larry forgets to buy milk at the grocery store, he says, "I forgot milk because I was thinking about picking my daughter up from school." When Larry's wife forgets to buy milk, Larry says, "She forgot milk at the store because she's an airhead." This is an example of

actor/observer bias.

It is not uncommon for us to hold stereotypes toward people. The main advantage of forming a stereotype is that it __. The main disadvantage is that it __.

allows for rapid mental processing; can potentially lead to errors

while visiting your friend and her one-year-old son, ian, you notice that ian does not get upset when his mother leaves the room and he is alone with you, a stranger. In addition, ian ignores his mother when she comes back into the room. based on this, Ian's attachment style to his mother would most likley be described as

avoidant

Robby is 11 months old and has begun making speech sounds like "baba" and "momo". On the other hand, 16 months old rebecca can produce two-word sentences like "Daddy eat" and "Mama give" Robby's speech is..., whereas Rebecca's speech is...

babbling; telegraphic

According to the elaboration likelihood model, persuasion occurs through the... routes.

central and peripheral

The ________ domain relates to how we think, reason, and communicate.

cognitive

Lisa believes that drinking alcohol is wrong. However, her boyfriend, mike, likes to drink beer after work. Instead of breaking up with mike, she decides that drinking alcohol is not so bad after all. Lisa's attitude most likely changed because of

cognitive dissonance

Throughout most of his life, Blessie's grandfather had always been able to take care of himself. However, recently, he has been forgetting to take his medications regularly and has trouble remembering whether he has showered or eaten a meal. According to his doctors, he is most likely experiencing

dementia

Five-year-old Maria and three-year-old Fatima love to play hide-and-seek together. However, when Fatima has to "hide", she usually walks to a corner of the playground and covers her eyes. What is Fatima demonstrating in this situation?

egocentrism

a baby developing in his or her mother's womb will begin developing lungs during the

embryonic

While he is in the waiting room at the doctor's office, Arthur tries to classify infants' attachment based on their behavior. He is certain that the baby girl is securely attached because she

explores the unfamiliar room and the objects in it while staying in view of her mother.

Becca is at her regular prenatal checkup. The doctor tells her, "The organs are highly developed and now we mainly want the baby to gain weight." Based on this, Becca's baby is currently in the ________ stage of development.

fetal

Professor Leeds asked his students to sign a petition for a community center. Later, he asked the students who signed the petition if they would come to the center and tutor a child. Professor Leeds has just used what technique to get the students to help?

foot-in-the-door

when explaining other people's behavior, the tendency to overemphasize personality traits and underestimate situation factors is referred to as the

fundamental attribution error

Nicholas is an infant researcher and wants to use the strange-situation test in his work. Nicholas is most likely interested in seeing

how infants respond to separation and reunion with their caregivers.

According to Erikson's psychosocial development theory. individuals experience the crisis of ... during the adolescent years, where they face the challenge of addressing questions about who they are.

identity versus role confusion

Joe is nearing the end of his life. He reflects on his past, focusing on how he spent his whole life working long hours at his job. As a result, he is struggling with whether his life has been well lived. Joe is most likely experiencing the... stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development.

integrity versus despair

Paul was recently attacked when he was walking home from a bar. Jenna believes that Paul must have done something to deserve or provoke the attack. Jenna's explanation is an example of the

just world hypothesis

The main reason that people make attributions that reflect the just world hypothesis is that these explanations:

make them feel safer

Recently, Toafik has started to squint to see clearly and has noticed that his body does not process alcohol or junk food very well. What period of adulthood is Toafik most likely experiencing?

middle adulthood

Susan is looking at a photograph of herself taken by a friend and deciding whether she should use the true photographic image or the mirror image as the wallpaper on her smartphone. According to social psychology research, Susan will most likely prefer the ________ image because of ________.

mirror; the mere exposure effect

Inga is participating in a debate. In reviewing her performance, Inga will most likely attribute her own errors to ________ and her opponent's errors to ________.

noise from the crowd; lack of preparation

When we conform or go along with what the group does because we want to be liked, it is often due to ________ influence.

normative

Love that is a state of intense longing and desire is ________ love. Love that is a strong commitment to care for and support a partner is ________ love.

passionate; companionate

An active and conscious effort to change an attitude by sending a message is referred to as

persuasion

Which of the following domains of development relates to changes in levels of hormones and growth of the body, including the brain?

physical domain

Two women, Jackie and Roberta, ask Katie out. Although she likes both of them, Katie decides to go out with Jackie. Afterwards, she starts to notice more positive qualities about Jackie and more negative qualities about Roberta. Katie's new attitude is most likely a result of

postdecisional dissonance

Monique has noticed some hair growing on her armpits and that she is accumulating fat on her hips these changes Monique is experiencing are most likely related to

puberty

Darryl thinks that playing peek-a-boo is hilarious! He does not know where his mom goes during the game, but it excites him when he sees her face again. Darryl is most likely in piaget's.... stage of development.

sensorimotor

Jay has been preparing for a presentation in his public speech course. Jay performs much better in class when his classmates are present than when he practices the speech alone. Jay's better performance in class is likely due to

social facilitation.

Elena is working on a team project for her computer science class. Although the entire team is responsible for the project, some people do not feel responsible for contributing to it. Because of this, some team members do not complete their assigned tasks. This is most likely due to

social loafing

Flora's car breaks down, leaving her stranded on the highway in the middle of rush hour. As more and more cars drive past her, Flora is surprised that no one stops to help her. The fact that other drivers fail to help Flora is most likely explained by:

the bystander intervention effect

Brooke is a developmental psychologist at USA College. Which of the following is Brooke most likely to study?

the ways in which children differ from adults in their thought processes

Research on interpersonal attraction has shown that people will be more attracted to each other if

their backgrounds, interests, and value are very similar.

Evan is in preschool and uses overregularization when speaking. Which of the following is he most likely to say?

"He hitted me with a stick"

Jonathan has noticed that even though he lifts the same amount of weights each week, he is losing muscle mass and putting on a few extra pounds. Johnathan is most likely... years old

35

Which of the following life periods makes up most of our life span?

Adulthood