Test #3 Pharmacology Flash Cards

A client asks the nurse if drinking coffee might make her peptic ulcer disease worse. The nurse's best response is:

"Both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffees are ulcerogenic and must be avoided."

The client is receiving intra-articular injections of a corticosteroid. The client tells the nurse she feels so much better that she is now able to resume usual gardening activities. The best response by the nurse is:

"Corticosteroid injections reduce inflammation but do not cure; therefore, you must be careful not to put too much stress on the joints and cause further damage."

A client is experiencing constipation secondary to the use of calcium carbonate. The nurse's most appropriate response to this client is:

"Alternating the calcium carbonate with magnesium hydroxide will help prevent this."

The clients asks the nurse what the difference is between antacids and proton pump inhibitors. The nurse's best response is:

"Antacids neutralize gastric acid and proton pump inhibitors prevent the secretion of gastric acid."

Acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) is an important consideration in choice of antacid. The nurse realizes that further client education is necessary when the client expresses which of the following ideas?

"Antacids with a high ANC can only be obtained by prescription."

The client with diarrhea comments to the nurse, "I drink about five cups of hot tea a day." The nurse's best response to this client would be:

"Drinking hot beverages can actually make your diarrhea worse."

The nurse who is teaching a client about how to use OTC methylcellulose should include:

"Follow the laxative with at least 8 ounces of water."

The family of a terminally ill client asks the nurse about hospice. The nurse's best response would be:

"Hospice provides end-of-life care with a focus on pain management and client dignity."

A client suffers from migraine headaches. The nurse instructing the client on the appropriate use of sumatriptan succinate (Imitrex) knows that the client understands the instructions when she replies:

"I do not take Imitrex until I notice the first sign of a migraine."

The best indication of the effectiveness of a laxative taken by a client would be which of the following statements by the client?

"I have been passing a lot of gas, but haven't moved my bowels yet."

The client asks the office nurse if his smoking can cause the development of peptic ulcer disease. The nurse's best response is:

"Smoking increases the secretion of stomach acid, as well as decreasing the acid-neutralizing capacity within the first part of the small intestines."

Which of the following statements from a 60 year-old woman on corticosteroid therapy indicates she understands her medications?

"I should take a calcium supplement while I'm on prednisone."

The nurse understands that when teaching clients about acetaminophen that which of the following should be included?

"Take only as directed. Too much Tylenol can harm your liver."

Ondansetron IV is prescribed for a client. The recommended safe dose for IV ondansetron is 0.15 mg/kg/dose. What is the safe dose for a client who weighs 132 pounds?

9 mg

The nurse teaching the client receiving diphenoxylate HCl (Lomotil) knows the client needs further teaching when the client responds with which of the following?

"I will take a laxative, if I do not have a bowel movement every day."

When teaching mothers of infants and small children about vomiting and diarrhea in their children, which statement by one of the mothers indicates and understanding of the teaching?

"I will take him to the pediatrician if his vomiting lasts more than 24 hours."

During a well-baby check-up, a mother of an infant says to the nurse, "I have ipecac syrup at home just like my mother did for me." The nurse's best response is:

"Ipecac syrup should not be around infants, and we don't use it in infants, because of the risk of aspiration."

When teaching a client about how loperamide HCl works, the nurse should include,

"It acts by decreasing gastrointestinal motility."

The nurse explains to the client taking psyllium that:

"It frequently takes at least 12 hours before you experience a bowel movement."

A client on long-term corticosteroid therapy asks the nurse what a buffalo hump is. The nurse's best reply is:

"It is increased fat deposited in the upper back of some people on long-term corticosteroid therapy."

A client is prescribed esomeprazole and metoclopramide for GERD. The client approaches the nurse saying, "I understand why he prescribed Nexium, but why the laxative?" The nurse's best response is:

"Metoclopramide is a gastric stimulant, not a laxative."

The mother of a small child asks the nurse if she should keep ipecac syrup handy in case her three-year-old "swallows something he shouldn't." The nurse's best response is:

"No, ipecac syrup should only be given under medical supervision."

The client asks the nurse how his ranitidine works to treat his heartburn. The nurse's best response is:

"Ranitidine block the histamine-2 receptors in the stomach to decrease gastric acid."

When teaching a client about antacids, which comment by the client indicates further teaching is needed:

"Taking antacids will not affect my heart medication (digoxin)."

If a client complains of GI upset with the use of regular aspirin tablets, which of the following would be appropriate advice to give?

"Taking the aspirin with food or after meals should help."

When explaining to a client why corticosteroids can cause peptic ulceration, the nurse would explain that this occurs because:

"The medications increase the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach."

A placebo is being used to treat a client for complaint of chronic pain. The client learns that she is being treated with a placebo and asks the nurse why she is not being given "real pain medication." The nurse's best response is:

"There is no particular medication useful in treating your pain. Placebos have been shown to be effective in beginning the self-healing process."

Which of the following statements by the client indicates that further teaching about proton pump inhibitor therapy is warranted?

"These are just more expensive versions of the histamine-2 antagonists."

When teaching clients about laxatives appropriate comment(s) by the nurse would be"

"They can be habit-forming so don't overuse them." "Some laxatives can take up to three days to work."

A client on chemotherapy asks the nurse why he is now prescribed aprepitant as one of his premeds. The nurse's best response is:

"This drug is combined with your other premeds for better control of nausea."

The client asks the nurse why her health care provider prescribed esomeprazole for her. The nurse's best response is:

"This drug is used to treat the inflammation in your esophagus caused by GERD."

A client taking ranitidine tells the nurse that he frequently experiences headaches. The best response by the nurse is:

"Though headaches can occur, can you describe these headaches for me?"

The nurse is caring for a client taking an anticoagulant. Discharge teaching for this client should include:

"You should not take aspirin, unless specifically prescribed for you."

A client who has been treated with cephalexin for 14 days asks the nurse why his doctor prescribed lactobacillus. The nurse's best response is:

"Your antibiotic destroyed all the normal bacteria in your intestines, causing your diarrhea. This medication will help replace that bacteria."

The client is prescribed cimetidine for treatment of hyperacidity. The nurse should tell the client:

"Your cigarette smoking may decrease the effectiveness of this drug."

When orienting new nurse recruits about aspirin therapy, the nursing instructor includes which of the following information?

*Individuals taking aspirin should be observed for allergic reactions. *Using aspirin with food, milk, or antacids decreases its potential for producing gastrointestinal upset. *Aspirin should not be stored in the bathroom medicine cabinet, because it decomposes with humidity.

Client receiving DMARDs should be monitored for:

*Infection *Lymphoma

The nurse should instruct clients about health-related measures that promote elimination and discourage laxative overuse, including which of the following:

*exercise and activity *Adequate fluid intake

A postoperative child is prescribed morphine sulfate IV for pain. The recommended dose of morphine sulfate is 0.1 mg- 0.2 mg/kg/dose. What is the safe dose for this child who weighs 18 pounds?

0.8 mg to 1.6 mg

A client is prescribed fentanyl citrate IV for moderate pain. The recommended dose is 2-20 mcg/kg/dose. What is the maximum dose for this client that weighs 110 pounds?

1 mg

A child weighing 21 pounds is prescribed diphenhydramine by mouth to prevent nausea associated with receiving immunizations. The recommended safe dose for diphenhydramine is 5 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses. This child's individual dose should not exceed:

12 mg/dose

Prescribed is ondansetron 4 mg IV for a client with a central venous access. The pharmacy provides ondansetron 4 mg in 50 mL of D5W to infuse over 15 minutes. The nurse will program the volumetric infusion pump at:

200 mL/hr.

A client receiving chemotherapy is prescribed dolasetron mesylate 100 mg IV. The nurse plans to administer the dolasetron mesylate:

30 minutes prior to chemotherapy.

A client was prescribed hydrocodone and acetaminophen (Vicodin), one tablet q4h p.r.n. pain. The nurse knows the advantage of using a combination product is:

A lower dose of opioid analgesic will be required to achieve the same level of pain relief.

Clients receiving long-term corticosteroid therapy may require dietary modifications. All of the following statements are true about special diets for long-term corticosteroid therapy except:

A potassium-restricted diet may be needed due to potassium retention.

A client is being seen by the health care provider for a prescription medication for motion sickness. The nurse anticipates the client will be prescribed:

meclizine.

Clients who are allergic to aspirin can usually tolerate:

Acetaminophen

A client taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) for arthritis is experiencing gastric irritation. The nurse anticipates the health care provider will prescribe:

misoprostol.

The health care provider is starting a client with RA on chrysotherapy. The nurse will need to provide teaching concerning:

Administration of gold salts

A client has just returned from back surgery. He has an epidural catheter in place for postoperative pain control. The nurse knows that which of the following is true about an epidural catheter?

All opioid analgesics used for epidural administration must be preservative-free.

PCA is an technique for effective pain management because it involves:

Allowing the client to exercise control over analgesia administration.

An important reason for using this antacid in renal failure clients is that with prolonged use it leads to phosphate depletion.

Aluminum Hydroxide

Children who experience fever associated with viral infections of the upper respiratory tract or chicken pox should not be treated with products containing:

Aspirin

A client is beginning therapy with auranofin (Ridaura), so the nurse realizes the client will need teaching about:

An oral gold product

After a postoperative client rates her pain level as 6/10. The nurse's first action should be to:

Assess the client's position for alignment and comfort.

A client receiving adalimumab asks the nurse how this drug works to treat her RA. The nurse's response is based on knowledge that biologic response modifiers, the newest of the DMARDs:

Bind with tumor necrosis factor to block normal inflammatory and immune responses.

An example of an antacid that releases carbon dioxide when it neutralizes acid in the stomach is:

Calcium Carbonate

Clients sometimes prefer chewable forms of antacids because of their convenience. When this form of antacid is used, the nurse instructs the client to:

Chew the tablet completely before swallowing and follow it with a glass of water.

A client is receiving antiemetic therapy for a history of frequent nausea and vomiting. In caring for this client the nurse should:

monitor for fluid and electrolyte imbalances.

A client is two days postoperative from a right lower lobectomy and has been receiving morphine sulfate 2 mg intravenously q.4h p.r.n. for postoperative pain. It has been two hours since his last dose, and he is now requesting pain medication. When the nurse enters the client's room to administer the morphine, the client states his pain level is 8/10. What is the best action by the nurse?

Collaborate with the health care provider to decrease the dosing interval.

The nurse understands that for clients receiving infliximab monitoring is needed for:

Complete Blood Count

A client is receiving chlorpromazine HCl. The nurse understands that this medication is classified as a/an:

neuroleptic.

Opioid drugs are not generally used for treating:

Constipation

A client receiving corticosteroid therapy should be instructed to avoid crowds and people with infectious diseases because:

Corticosteroids suppress the immune system of the client.

When caring for postoperative clients receiving corticosteroid therapy, the nurse should monitor for:

Delayed wound healing

Which of the following would be appropriate to teach a client using long-term corticosteroid therapy?

Do not stop taking the medication abruptly.

The nurse applies which of the following principles when teaching clients about absorbent agents such as kaolin?

Do not take these agents within several hours of other drugs.

The nurse is caring for a client receiving fentanyl epidural analgesia and understands to include which of the following in her plan of care?

Ensuring that naloxone is available

Celecoxib (Celebrex) has been determined to be safe for use in children.

False

Effective analgesia may be associated with loss of consciousness.

False

Emetics are indicated for treatment of clients who ingest gasoline.

False

Excessive fluid intake may lead to constipation.

False

Pain threshold varies widely among different individuals.

False

Prolonged use of laxatives will decrease the need and the dose of laxatives needed to obtain a response.

False

Promethazine is used to treat motion sickness.

False

Research findings have established that antacid therapy facilitates healing of peptic ulcers.

False

The most common type of headache is a vascular headache, such as a migraine.

False

When using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications for rheumatoid arthritis, symptom relief should be noticed immediately.

False

Which of the following statements is true about antacid therapy?

Gas released by effervescent antacid solutions may lead to distention and secretion of additional hydrochloric acid.

A popular theory used to explain how pain is perceived by the body is called the:

Gate Theory

The nurse explains to the client that the morning stiffness of arthritis may be decreased by:

Giving the target dose of aspirin at bedtime

In addition to treating duodenal ulcer disease, lansoprazole and omeprazole also are approved in the treatment of:

H. pylori infections

Cimetidine is not as commonly used as often in adults as other drugs in its class. The nurse understands that this is because cimetidine:

Has more drug-to-drug interactions.

The nurse understands that antacids absorbed systemically:

Have a rapid onset and a short duration of action.

The nurse should instruct clients using hydroxychloroquine sulfate (Plaquenil Sulfate) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis to:

Have periodic ophthalmology exams.

A client is asks the nurse about an over-the-counter (OTC) topical corticosteroid for skin pruritis. The nurse would recommend which of the following:

Hydrocortisone

The client who has just returned from the operating room following an exploratory laparotomy is likely to experience effective pain relief from:

IV Morphine

The nurse understands that a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug considered to be more ulcerogenic than aspirin is:

Indomethacin

Which of the following routes of administration for corticosteroids is designed to limit systemic absorption and increase local effectiveness?

Intra-articular

The nurse understands that celecoxib (Celebrex):

Is a Cox-2 prostaglandin inhibitor.

When caring for hospitalized clients, the nurse understands that minimizing pain medication for clients:

May lead to longer hospital stays.

The nurse understands that clients receiving intravenous infusions of morphine sulfate:

May require periodic dosing with diphenhydramine for itching.

A client on corticosteroid therapy is returning from surgery after a hip replacement. In the past two hours his blood pressure has decreased from 126/76 to 104/60, he is restless and complains of a headache. The nurse should:

notify the health care provider immediately.

Ergotamine tartrate (Ergostat) is a drug that is employed in the treatment of:

Migraine Headaches

Weight gain, edema, hypertension, weakness, and alkalosis resulting from corticosteroid use are mainly due to:

Mineralocorticoid effects

The nurse's client is using PCA morphine sulfate for pain management postoperatively; the nurse understand's the responsibility to:

Monitor the IV site for infiltration and phlebitis. Assess the clients level of comfort.

The nurse understands that the first-line drug for the relief of ischemic chest pain associated with an acute myocardial infarction is:

Morphine Sulfate

For the client with severe acetaminophen toxicity, the nurse should be prepared to administer:

N-acetylcysteine (

Which of the following agents would be appropriate to use in the treatment of an overdose of meperidine (Demerol)?

Naloxone

A child is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with acetaminophen overdosage. The nurse should assess for what manifestations during the first 24 hours after ingestion:

Nausea, vomiting and malaise

A client receiving emetogenic chemotherapy should receive which of the following medications as a premedication?

ondansetron

For the client taking enteric-coated aspirin for a heart condition, the nurse should instruct the client:

Not to take his antacid within one to two hours of his EC (enteric-coated) aspirin.

The ideal antacid does not cause acid rebound. Acid rebound is best described as:

Overproduction of acid when the stomach pH is above the 4-5 range.

An 80-year-old client receiving corticosteroids for rheumatoid arthritis is admitted to the hospital for weakness and lethargy. The nurse should monitor the client's:

Potassium level

The nurse understands that currently the most common indication for aspirin therapy is:

Prevention of heart attacks.

Most nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are believed to work by inhibiting the synthesis of:

Prostaglandins

All of the following statements are true about propoxyphene HCl (Darvon) except:

Psychological and physical dependency never occur with propoxyphene HCl (Darvon) use.

The nurse recognizes that which of the following is not a histamine H 2 -receptor antagonist?

Quinidine

For the client receiving droperidol, the nurse should monitor for:

orthostatic hypotension. sedation tardive dyskinesia.

A client is receiving fentanyl IV for postoperative pain. The nurse understands that with this opiod the client should be monitored for:

Respiratory Depression

A client is admitted to the hospital after consuming 5 grams of aspirin. The nurse should monitor the client for:

Respiratory Stimulation

The nurse admitting a client with GERD is planning the client's care and determines that the priority nursing diagnosis for this client is:

Risk for injury related to development of complications of GERD.

Which of the following is not a common adverse effect associated with opioid therapy?

Severe allergic reactions

The client says to the nurse that since he started taking an antacid "that distended feeling in my stomach is better." In explaining this effect, the nurse understands that the antacid probably contained:

Simethicone

The nurse understands that clients taking which of the following classifications of laxatives are most likely to experience laxative-dependence?

Stimulant Laxatives

A tense 32-year-old junior executive for a large corporation has had recurrent episodes of abdominal pain, anorexia, and vomiting for the last two years. The client describes his pain as a burning sensation. It is usually most severe just prior to meals and subsides upon ingestion of a meal. The client smokes two packs of cigarettes and drinks about eight cups of coffee each day. The client's health care provider prescribes diazepam (Valium) 5 mg t.i.d. and Mylanta II Liquid 30 mL hourly. The reason the client's abdominal pain is most severe just prior to mealtime is because:

Stomach acid and pepsin are not being consumed by food.

Prior to initiating PCA for a postoperative client, the nurse should:

Teach the client and family about PCA. Assess client's ability to use the PCA dosing button.

The nurse should teach a client taking an antacid to take it one hour after meals because:

The antacid has a much longer duration of action.

The nurse is caring for the following postoperative clients. Which of these clients is at highest risk for respiratory depression after receiving intravenous fentanyl for pain control?

The client with asthma

A major concern in care of clients with emesis is the risk of aspiration.

True

Antacid therapy can cause an increase in urinary pH, which may effect the excretion of some drugs.

True

Anticholinergic antiemetics are not agents of choice for management of nausea and vomiting in clients with benign prostatic hypertrophy.

True

Both diabetic and nondiabetic clients taking corticosteroids should have blood glucose levels monitored.

True

Clients typically use GoLYTELY as a bowel prep prior to a gastrointestinal diagnostic procedure.

True

Corticosteroid therapy carries a wide array of adverse effects.

True

Cost is an important consideration for many clients using antacid therapy, because most clients will be on long-term therapy.

True

Diclofenac misoprostol (Arthrotec) should not be used in pregnancy due to risk of miscarriage.

True

GERD may result in esophageal erosion.

True

Gold preparations are considered second-line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.

True

Ibuprofen products should not be used with aspirin, because aspirin will decrease the effectiveness of ibuprofen.

True

Lansoprazole (Prevacid) acts by suppressing gastric acid secretion.

True

Magnesium citrate is a saline laxative.

True

Opioid doses required for the management of intractable pain of cancer usually are significantly higher than the doses required for management of postoperative pain.

True

Overuse of laxatives by the elderly is a common problem.

True

The use of emetics has declined, as safer methods of removal of poisons develop.

True

The nurse collaborates with the health care provider to decrease the negative effects of corticosteroids on growth and development in children by:

Use of alternate-day therapy

The nurse understands that the most frequent problem in implementing p.r.n. pain medication prescriptions is:

Withholding analgesics needed by the client.

The nurse understands that which of these clients is the most appropriate candidate for metoclopramide therapy?

a client debilitated by a stroke

The nurse realizes that which of the following clients is most likely to experience pancreatic enzyme deficiency?

a client with cystic fibrosis

The nurse questions when a laxative is prescribed for which of the following clients?

abdominal pain

When administering a rectal suppository, the nurse should insert the suppository:

above the internal sphincter.

The nurse understands that which of the following clients would be the most likely to misuse the drug ipecac?

an adolescent with bulimia

The nurse should question administering promethazine to a client with a history of:

benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH).

Polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution mixtures are commonly employed as:

bowel-cleansing products.

For pregnant women, which type of laxative usually is recommended?

bulk-forming laxatives

The nurse would question a prescription for metoclopramide for which of the following clients?

client with a seizure disorder

The nurse is caring for a client who is to receive chemotherapy. When the nurse notes the client does not have a prescription for premedication prior to chemotherapy he or she should:

collaborate with the health care provider for a premedication prescription.

The nurse is caring for a 71-year-old who underwent a total hip replacement and then developed constipation from lack of activity. What action by the nurse could have prevented constipation in this client?

collaborating with the health care provider about prophylactic use of stool softeners

For the client taking omeprazole, the nurse understands that this drug:

decreases the metabolism of warfarin. increases plasma levels of phenytoin. increases plasma levels of diazepam.

In scheduling medications, the nurse does not schedule sucralfate administration simultaneously with:

digoxin warfarin phenytoin tetracycline

Saline laxatives generally should be avoided by clients who are:

experiencing renal insufficiency.

Prior to administering IV palonosetron, the nurse should:

flush the IV line with 0.9% saline.

A hospitalized client has been prescribed sucralfate. The nurse understands that this drug is used because it:

forms a protective complex over duodenal ulcers.

During administration of a nonretention enema, the nurse should:

hang the solution 12-18 inches above the level of the client's anus.

An 80-year-old woman lives with her husband of 50 years. Even though she has a heart condition, she attends an exercise class for seniors twice a week. She and her husband make sure they drink 4 ounces of juice at all three of their daily meals. What factors would place this woman at risk for constipation.

her age her fluid intake

Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse be assessing in a client receiving sumatriptan succinate (Imitrex)?

hypertension and angina

In providing education about maintaining optimal bowel function, the nurse instructs the client to:

increase fluid intake.

The nurse understands that which of the following factors is necessary in the treatment of both diarrhea and constipation?

increased fluid intake

Client teaching regarding the use of biologic response modifiers (DMARDs) should include:

increased risk of infection

The nurse understands that saline laxatives work by:

increasing fluid in the stool by osmosis.

The use of which one of the following nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is associated with the development of central nervous system adverse effects?

indomethacin

When administering a rectal suppository to a client, the nurse should:

insert tapered end of the suppository first.

A postoperative client is prescribed IV promethazine to treat his nausea. The nurse understands that this agent.

is not compatible with lactated Ringer's IV solution.

The nurse understands that which of the following medications is generally prescribed for treatment of antibiotic-induced diarrhea?

lactobacillus product

For the client with an elevated ammonia level, the nurse anticipates administering:

lactulose.

A client with cardiovascular disease is prescribed a laxative. Which of the following prescriptions would the nurse question for this client?

magnesium citrate 240 mL

The nurse's priority focus when a client begins to vomit is to:

maintain a patent airway.

A young child being treated with metoclopramide for gastroesophageal reflux develops an acute dystonic reaction. The nurse anticipates administering:

parenteral diphenhydramine.

The nurse instructing a client about laxatives uses which of the following examples to illustrate the type of laxative most likely to result in laxative dependence?

phenolphthalein

Clients with prolonged use of which of the following anti-inflammatory drugs should be monitored for development of adverse hematological effects?

phenylbutazone

An adolescent is admitted for an ipecac overdose. The nurse's first intervention should be to:

place the child on a cardiac monitor.

The nurse understands that lactulose is most commonly prescribed for the client experiencing:

portal systemic encephalopathy.

A client is receiving a serotonin antagonist and a corticosteroid as premedications for chemotherapy. The nurse understands these agents are used in this circumstance to:

prevent acute and delayed nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy.

A client is prescribed IV palonosetron HCl. The nurse understands the action of this agent is to:

prevent delayed nausea and vomiting related to chemotherapy.

The nurse is caring for a client with urinary retention secondary to benign prostatic hypertrophy experiencing nausea. The nurse would question which of the following prescriptions written by the health care provider for this client?

promethazine 25 mg IV now

In order for clients to prevent or alleviate the metabolic effects of long-term steroid therapy, the nurse should instruct them to increase their intakes of:

protein, vitamins C and D, and calcium.

The nurse has medicated a three-day postoperative client with oxycodone. After documenting the medication administration, the nurse should plan to:

reassess the client in 45 minutes

The client receiving a neuroleptic agent for nausea should be instructed to:

rise slowly from a reclined or sitting position.

When planning care for a client receiving treatment for vomiting, the nurse's highest priority nursing diagnosis is:

risk for aspiration related to vomiting.

Prior to preparing to administer a liquid antacid, the nurse must:

shake well to mix the liquid prior to pouring.

A pregnant client is admitted with excessive nausea and vomiting. Proactively, the nurse will place the client in what position?

side lying

The nurse is aware of a special warning on the label of droperidol about the risk of:

sudden cardiac death.

Mr. Jones is a 40-year-old disabled man who lives alone since his wife died six months ago. Which factors would the nurse consider place Mr. Jones at risk for developing constipation?

that he lives alone that he is disabled that his wife died so recently

The client is a 72-year-old female who has had a nine-year history of rheumatoid arthritis and more recently has experienced increasing pain as a result of osteoarthritis, which affects her knees and hip. The client reports using large doses of aspirin for a number of years with moderate success. Recently, however, she has begun to experience fatigue and a loss of appetite. The nurse knows to monitor a client on long-term, high-dose aspirin use for:

tinnitus and gastrointestinal bleeding.

Prior to administering an enema, the nurse should:

warm solution to 99-102 degrees F.

All of the following are characteristics of the "ideal laxative," except:

works for several days after administration.