test 3 psychology

Frued's Psychosexual Stages

1. Oral Stage: oral fixation 2. Anal Stage: Anal retentive 3. Phallic Stage: Oedipal/Electra complexes 4. Latency Stage: NONE 5. Genital Stage: Genitals

fetal stage

9 weeks to birth

Reliability

Ability of a test to yield very similar scores for the same individual over repeated testings

validity primary sex characteristics

Characteristics you are born with

STAGE 8

Ego Integrity vs. Despair: Enter pencil of reflection where they look back at success and accomplishments if not they live in regret and despair

Frueds 3 substructures of the mind

ID (pleasure principle) ego(reality principle) and superego (morality principle)

STAGE 3

Initiative vs. Guilt (3 to 5 years) Learn to initiate actibiities and enjoy their accomplishments. Caregivers support help with promoting feelings of self power and self confidence vs guilt

Humanistic Theory

People continually seek experiences that make them better, more fulfilled individuals.

STAGE 1

TRUST VS MISTRUST: Learn that needs are met based on caregiver

inferiority complex

a pattern of avoiding feelings of inadequacy rather than trying to overcome their source

cross sectional research

a research design that compares groups of people who differ in age but are similar in other important characteristics

personality

a unique and relatively stable pattern of thoughts, feelings, and actions

Diana Baumrind parenting styles

authoritarian- I don't care what you want (low independence, moody, low self esteem) permissive- do what you want I don't care or I care about you and you're free to do what you want (careless, immature) and authoritative- I really care about you but there's rules (friendly and high achieving)

STAGE 2

autonomy vs shame and doubt: Learn to exercise will, make choices, control themselves. caregivers encouragement helps sense of autonomy vs shame and doubt

secondary aging

changes due to disease, disuse, negelect

secondary aging

changes resulting from disease, disuse, or neglect

Frued's 3 Levels of Consciousness

conscious(thoughts and motives some is currently aware of), preconscious (thoughts and motives that one can become aware of easily) , unconscious (thoughts and motives beyond a persons awareness)

Kubler-Ross stages of grief

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

psychosocial theory

e emergence of self and the way in which the self develops through our interactions and social development

temperament styles

easy, difficult, slow to warm up

archetypes

emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning

Teratogens

environmental substances that can cause birth defects ( alc, nicotine)

zygote

fertilized egg

Spermache

first ejaculation

Developmental psychology

focus on Age related changes in behavior throughout the life span

Biological theories

focus on individual abnormality and explain human behavior as the result of biological instincts

STAGE 7

generatively vs stagnation: Develop concern for establishing and influencing the next generation

Primary aging

gradual, inevitable age-related changes in physical and mental processes

primary gaining

gradual, inevitable age-related changes in physical and mental processes

STAGE 5

identity vs role confusion: Develop sense of self and find a role in the society Crisis is they will have am unstable delinquency and difficulty in persona relationships

embryonic stage

implantation- 3 weeks to 8 weeks

STAGE 4

industry vs inferiority: develop sense of industry and learn productive skills that their culture requires if not they feel inferior

STAGE 6

intimacy vs isolation: Learn who they are and how to be independent but if not they face isolation and consequent self absorption

the big 5 factor model

openness, conscientiousness (disciplined? responsible?) extraversion (sociable? outgoing?) agreeableness(cooperative, trustful?) neuroticism (unstable? prone to insecurity?)

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

people with low self esteem have an incongruence between their self concepts and life experiences (rogers) Self actualization through heirarchy of needs(Maslow)

objective and projective tests

personality tests can be divided into

fetal alchohol syndrome (FAS)

physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking. In severe cases, signs include a small, out-of-proportion head and abnormal facial features

moral development stages

preconventional, conventional, postconventional

Secondary sex characteristics

puberty and nonproductive

Mary Ainsworth attachments

secure attachment (stay close distress when gone), WARM AND RESPONSIVE Avoidant (Not seek contact with mother, avoident, does not cry when leaves/ Wendy Ortiz)- REJECTING AND COLD and Anxious/ ambilivant (sad when mother leaves and angry when she comes back -INCONSISTANT

Pigets 4 stages to cognitive development

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

physcoanalytic theory (fried)

sexual experiences leave a mark on adult personality and unconscious mental forces

prelinguistic stage

silent period with only crying and later cooing and babbling

longitudinal research

studies in which the same group of individuals is surveyed or measured repeatedly over an extended period of time

Frueds defemse mechanisms

sublimation(energy from unacceptable impulses to socially acceptable accomplishments) denial(refuse recognize reality) projection(own acceptable impulses to others) repression ( anxiety thought into unconscious) rationalization,( substituting socially socially acceptable reasoning intellectualization, (ignore emotional aspects) reaction formation, ( regression, displacemnet

germinal stage

the 2-week period of prenatal development that begins at conception

Menarche

the first menstrual period

sensory systems

the parts of the nervous system that provide information about the environment

imprinting

the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life

Chromosomes

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes (46 of them)

linguistic stage of development

when babbling becomes meaningful speech issues is -over exaggeration (overly broad use of words that include objects that do not fit the words meaning) -overgeneralization (grammar errors applying)