Test 4 ch 7, 8, and 9

Which of the following best describes Muhammad, according to the Quran? He is a mystical figure that nobody actually knew in person. He was a human who acted as god's messenger to the world. He was the son of god sent to Earth to preach the message of salvation.

He was a human who acted as god's messenger to the world.

The move of the Abassid capital city to Baghdad increased which culture's influence on medieval Islam? Persian Mongol Greek

Persian

What caused the severe rupture within the early Islamic world? European invasions that sought to destroy the Islamic community A civil war that broke out over control of Mecca and Medina A disagreement over the proper succession of Islamic leadership after Muhammad's death

A disagreement over the proper succession of Islamic leadership after Muhammad's death

In addition to providing places to satisfy their intellectual curiosity, what else did the monastic movement provide women living in cloisters? The means for producing illustrated manuscripts such as The Book of Kells A setting to practice the new Christian ideal of celibacy A sanctioned arena in which to accumulate great political power

A setting to practice the new Christian ideal of celibacy

Which Persian mathematician developed the discipline of algebra? Avicenna Al-Khwarizmi Ibn Sina

Al-Khwarizmi

Which of these statements accurately captures a characteristic of The climate in early medieval Europe? Europe enjoyed a warm era of near-tropical temperatures for the bulk of the seventh century. Although it had been wetter and colder, weather conditions began to improve around 700. Although Europe had been subject to intense Mediterranean storms for much of the eighth century, those events declined during the following century.

Although it had been wetter and colder, weather conditions began to improve around 700.

Which group needed their own unique laws to handle new urban situations? Nobles Serfs Bourgeoisie

Bourgeoisie

How did serfs pay rent to their lord? By crafting the furnishings of the lord's manor By giving the lord money coined by the local monastery By giving the lord a share of every product they raised

By giving the lord a share of every product they raised

How were the Byzantine Empire's neighbors affected by Byzantine religion? Byzantine political commentaries founded many schools of thought in eastern Europe and Eurasia. Byzantine missionaries convinced many in eastern Europe and Eurasia to convert to Byzantine orthodoxy Most eastern European and Eurasian kingdoms grew to be dependent on Byzantine trade.

Byzantine missionaries convinced many in eastern Europe and Eurasia to convert to Byzantine orthodoxy

Beginning in the late tenth century, many new cities and towns were founded near which of the following? Mountains Forests Castles

Castles

Which area hosted six annual fairs that served as the largest commercial marketplace in western Europe? Champagne Flanders Venice

Champagne

Which of the following helped make more arable land available to medieval farmers? Clearing of forests Wildfires and floods Building new cities

Clearing of forests

What was the relationship between the Ostrogothic kingdom under Theodoric and traditional Roman government? Grudging accommodation Deliberate destruction Eager acceptance

Eager acceptance

What term described the land or other income granted a vassal in return for military service? Fief Castellan Vassalage

Fief

What policy eventually showed success in stemming Viking raids in Europe? Giving the Vikings land and converting them to Christianity Swearing allegiance to Viking lords and agreeing to worship the Norse god Odin Hiring Magyar mercenaries to fight the Vikings

Giving the Vikings land and converting them to Christianity

Muslim scholars preserved key philosophical works from which ancient civilization? Spain Greece Rome

Greece

Which action counseled in Pope Gregory's letter to his agents in England illustrated his philosophy of conversion? Gregory's insistence that pagan temples would not be destroyed Gregory's willingness to offer bribes in exchange for conversions Gregory's maintenance of a rigid separation between Christian holidays and pagan feasts

Gregory's insistence that pagan temples would not be destroyed

What distinguished Clovis's conversion from that of other Germanic kings? He converted to Catholic, rather than Arian, Christianity. He used his conversion to establish a hereditary monarchy, rather than allowing combat to determine his successor. He used conversion to weaken the traditional power and privileges of the bishops, rather than strengthening them.

He converted to Catholic, rather than Arian, Christianity.

Which great teacher of Roman law in Bologna attracted students from across Europe? Irnerius Justinian Philip Augustus

Irnerius

What significance did the completion of the Corpus Juris Civilis have for the Byzantine Empire? It allowed for the establishment of the Byzantine Church. It gave Justinian the right to retake Rome. It became the basis for Byzantine law.

It became the basis for Byzantine law.

What was the impact of the 843 C.E. Treaty of Verdun on the Carolingian Empire? It abolished the position of emperor that Charlemagne had held. It divided the empire into three parts. It brought peace with Viking raiders.

It divided the empire into three parts.

What is the best description of the Byzantine Empire by 750 C.E.? It had been reduced to only the city of Constantinople. It had lost the majority of its territory. It was the largest it would ever be.

It had lost the majority of its territory.

What was the signifigance of the Edict of Milan? It officially tolerated the existence of Christianity in the Roman Empire. It allowed Roman army units to be composed entirely of Germanic tribes. It made Constantinople the new capital of the Roman Empire.

It officially tolerated the existence of Christianity in the Roman Empire.

Which Jewish scholar living in the Muslim world attempted to harmonize Aristotle's philosophy with the central tenets of Judaism? Adelard Maimonides Ibn-Rushd

Maimonides

An advancement in ironmaking gave what benefit to European ploughs in the medieval period? More weight, making it easier to break up heavy clay soils More safety, making it easier to use without injury Less expense, making it easier to make than wooden ploughs

More weight, making it easier to break up heavy clay soils

Which of the following statements accurately describes the medieval three-field system? One field grew wheat and rye to make bread, one field grew hay for animals, and one field was set aside to accommodate those animals (who were fed with the hay). There was a field for spring, one for summer, and one for fall, each with their own specific crops. One field was planted in the fall with grains like rye or wheat, one field was planted in the spring with crops like legumes, and one field laid fallow.

One field was planted in the fall with grains like rye or wheat, one field was planted in the spring with crops like legumes, and one field laid fallow.

Which of the following describes one major effect poor agricultural yields had on European society? Poor yields led to widespread malnutrition and, ultimately, shorter life spans. Poor yields led to less environmental damage from farming. Poor yields led knights to try to acquire as much land as possible, increasing conflicts.

Poor yields led to widespread malnutrition and, ultimately, shorter life spans.

Over what issue did the conflict over iconoclasm erupt? Allowing Christians to be soldiers Teachings about salvation Representations of god

Representations of god

Besides converting the Southern Slavs to Christianity, for what other accomplishment were the missionary brothers Cyril and Methodius known? Advances in military tactics Innovations in city planning The creation of an alphabet

The creation of an alphabet

What was the impact of Viking raids on royal authority? Royal authority gave way to ecclesiastical control of Europe, since only religious leaders had success in negotiating with the Vikings. Royal authority was weakened by the raids, and local aristocrats gained power. Royal authority was enhanced by these raids, since only kings could stop them.

Royal authority was weakened by the raids, and local aristocrats gained power.

The Varangians were involved in the establishment of what state? Russia Bulgaria Byzantium

Russia

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the relationship between the Western Slavs and Christianity? The Western Slavs accepted Eastern Orthodox Christianity. The Western Slavs were evenly split in their acceptance of Catholic and Orthodox Christianity. The Western Slavs accepted Catholic or Western Christianity.

The Western Slavs accepted Catholic or Western Christianity.

Which of the following best demonstrates Byzantine religious commitment? The construction of St. Peter's Basilica The construction of San Vitale The construction of Hagia Sophia

The construction of Hagia Sophia

What change in European warfare did the stirrup help produce? The new use of heavily armored cavalry wielding long lances that they used as battering rams The new ability of lightly armored cavalry to hurl heavier, more devastating spears from horseback The new use of lightly armored cavalry as reconnaissance forces

The new use of heavily armored cavalry wielding long lances that they used as battering rams

What was the practical impact of Diocletian and Constantine's economic reforms on positions ranging from curiales to shippers and bakers? The positions became bound to specific parcels of land. The positions became virtually hereditary. The positions grew in influence and prestige.

The positions became virtually hereditary.

Which of these statements describes a major problem for Farmers in early medieval Europe? The soils in northern Europe, although easily plowed, contained too much clay. They allowed land to lie fallow every other year. Although they possessed advanced tools, the resources to make them were scarce.

They allowed land to lie fallow every other year.

What role was played by Charlemagne's missi dominici? They led his military campaigns. They ensured that Carolingian counts executed the king's wishes. They secured the Pope's endorsement of Charlemagne's monarchy.

They ensured that Carolingian counts executed the king's wishes.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the significance of the city of Medina in terms of early Islamic history? This city welcomed Muhammad and his early followers in 622, when he was distrusted in the city of his birth. This journey to this city, known as the Hegira (departure), is so important that it marks the first year of the Islamic calendar. One of the Five Pillars of Islam requires that Muslims make a hajj (pilgrimage) to this city at least once in their life, reminding people of the importance of this city in Islamic religious practice. The citizens of this city converted to Islam after Muhammad conquered the city with his army of Bedouin tribes in 630. This event signifies the beginning of the Islamic faith.

This city welcomed Muhammad and his early followers in 622, when he was distrusted in the city of his birth. This journey to this city, known as the Hegira (departure), is so important that it marks the first year of the Islamic calendar.

What was the purpose of Diocletian's tetrarchy? To fight inflation through wage and price controls To make the Roman empire easier to administer To subvert Christianity's growing influence in the empire

To make the Roman empire easier to administer

What was the basic question that concerned medieval theologians in ''the problem of the universals''? How does one reconcile faith and reason? Are there certain universal human rights? What constitutes what is real?

What constitutes what is real?

How did the growing emphasis on the nuclear family at the expense of the extended one impact the rights of women? Women had greater rights in a nuclear family. Women's rights were more impacted by the emphasis on indissoluble marriage than on the nuclear family. Women had fewer rights in a nuclear family.

Women had greater rights in a nuclear family.

Which of the following statements is true? Poor women in the Byzantine Empire were revered as religious leaders. Women in the Byzantine Empire never ascended to political leadership. Men and women in the Byzantine Empire were effectively social equals.

Women in the Byzantine Empire never ascended to political leadership.

What did Charlemagne establish to personally promote learning? A palace school A scriptoria A public university

a palace school

Benedict's rules promoted what ideal for Christian monks? Asceticism Moderation Materialism

moderation

Which of the following methods was used in the Germanic system to determine whether an accused party was guilty and would therefore have to pay a fine? Ordeal Wergeld Lawsuit

ordeal