Test 4: Chapters 10, 11, & 12 - Intro to Business

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Managers at the Allerton Bank get a performance appraisal one time each year. The bank uses a relatively new evaluation process that provides feedback about performance not only from superiors but also from subordinates and other managers at the same level. This type of evaluation is known as a(n):

360- degree review

__________ is the characteristic of work concerned with the degree of freedom, independence and discretion an employee has in scheduling work and determining procedures.

Autonomy

___________ is the characteristic of work concerned with the degree of freedom, independence and discretion an employee has in scheduling work and determining procedures.

Autonomy

______________ is the characteristic of work concerned with the degree of freedom, independence and discretion an employee has in scheduling work and determining procedures.

Autonomy

______________ is the process by which a union becomes recognized by the National Labor Relations Board as the bargaining agent for a group of employees.

Certification

_____________ means acting as a resource to a subordinate by teaching, guiding and making recommendations, without actively doing any of the subordinate's work.

Coaching

________________ is the process by which representatives of a union meet with representatives of management to negotiate a contract for workers.

Collective bargaining

The management at a shoe factory planned to terminate production due to labor issues that were consuming most of the profits. For years, the strong union at this facility did some tough negotiating with the company's corporate headquarters. In a companywide vote, employees agreed to walk away from union membership in order to keep the factory open and save their jobs. The NLRB (National Labor Relations Board) agreed that it was in the best interest of the employees. ___________________ was started to take away the rights of union representation at the the factory.

Decertification

According to business observers, which of the following is a reason for labor's decline?

Decline in part-time work

____________ introduces new employees to the organization, their fellow workers, their supervisors, and to the policies, practices, and objectives of the firm.

Employee orientation

_______________ introduces new employees to the organization, their fellow workers, their supervisors, and to the policies, practices, and objectives of the firm.

Employee orientation

Baby Boomers as managers need to understand that:

Gen X and Gen Y employees will be motivated by flexibility in the workplace.

The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied is known as the:

Hawthorne effect

___________ is the process of evaluating human resource needs and then recruiting, selecting, developing, motivating, evaluating, compensating, and scheduling employees to achieve organizational goals.

Human resource management

________________ is the process of evaluating human resource needs and then recruiting, selecting, developing, motivating, evaluating, compensating, and scheduling employees to achieve organizational goals.

Human resource management

The union movement in the United States was an outgrowth of the economic transition caused by the:

Industrial Revolution

According to Victor Vroom, which of the following questions is an employee likely to ask before deciding to exert his or her maximum effort toward completing a task?

Is the reward for completing the task worth the effort involved?

____________ attempts to increase task efficiency by breaking down jobs into simple steps and assigning people to each of those steps.

Job simplification

______________ attempts to increase task efficiency by breaking down jobs into simple steps and assigning people to each of those steps.

Job simplification

The first national labor organization in the United States was the:

Knights of Labor

___________ is a system of goal setting and implementation that involves a cycle of discussion, review, and evaluation of objectives among top and middle managers, supervisors, and employees.

Management by objectives

____________ is a system of goal setting and implementation that involves a cycle of discussion, review, and evaluation of objectives among top and middle managers, supervisors, and employees.

Management by objectives

Bob believes that management is treating him unfairly because of his efforts to organize a vote for union representation. Which organization should Bob contact to report his concerns?

National Labor Relations Board

____________ is the process of establishing and maintaining contacts with key managers in one's own organization and in other organizations, and using those contacts to establish strong relationships that serve as informal development systems.

Networking

_____________ is the process of establishing and maintaining contacts with key managers in one's own organization and in other organizations, and using those contacts to establish strong relationships that serve as informal development systems.

Networking

________ sexual harassment refers to situations in which an employee's submission to unwanted conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of employment or is used to influence employment decisions affecting the worker's job status.

Quid pro quo

____________ sexual harassment refers to situations in which an employee's submission to unwanted conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of employment or is used to influence employment decisions affecting the worker's job status.

Quid pro quo

__________ is the set of activities for obtaining the right number of people at the right time in order to select those who best meet the needs of the organization.

Recruitment

______________ is the set of activities for obtaining the right number of people at the right time in order to select those who best meet the needs of the organization.

Recruitment

__________ is the degree to which a job requires doing a task with a visible outcome from beginning to end.

Task identity

________________ is the degree to which a job requires doing a task with a visible outcome from beginning to end.

Task identity

_____________ provides unpaid leave of up to 12 weeks for males or females for the birth or adoption of infants, or in the case where it is necessary to care for an immediate family member who may be ill.

The Family and Medical Leave Act:

Kendra believes that if she leaves her employees unsupervised for a few minutes they will do nothing but slack off. She is known as the "Dragon Lady" (at least behind her back) for the harsh criticism and punishment she disburses whenever an employee makes an error. Kendra is a _______ manager.

Theory X

At High Stakes International, employees tend to work with little direct supervision since employees are considered trustworthy and committed. Management's expectation for employee creativity is high. The management at High Stakes reflects ____________ attitudes about employees.

Theory Y

______________ blends Japanese and American management practices into a hybrid approach which calls for long-term employment, collective decision making, and individual responsibility for the outcome of decisions.

Theory Z

_______________ blends Japanese and American management practices into a hybrid approach which calls for long-term employment, collective decision making, and individual responsibility for the outcome of decisions.

Theory Z

Theory ___ managers see employees as having a general dislike for work and an unwillingness to accept responsibility.

Theory ____ assumes that the average person likes work, and has a relatively high degree of imagination and creativity.

Today, human resource management has become so important that in many firms it has become:

a function performed by managers in all areas of the organization

A strength of Generation X managers is likely to be their:

ability to provide feedback to employees.

Probably the most controversial program enforced by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission concerns:

affirmative action

Ben, a 44-year-old middle manager at a well-known advertising firm, just lost his job. The company downsized due to a significant loss of clients during the last recession. Although Ben's work was considered exemplary in many ways, and his staff had won awards with their creative work, the company decided to let Ben go instead of another middle manager who was a minority. In a business setting, we call this occurrence _________________.

affirmative control

Under _______, workers are not required to join the union, but those who do not join are still required to pay a union fee or regular dues to the union.

agency shop agreements

A key difference between a mediator and an arbitrator is that:

an arbitrator can settle a labor-management dispute by rendering a binding decision, while a mediator can only make suggestions and encourage the two sides in a dispute to continue negotiating.

A grievance is:

an employee's perception that management has not in some way fulfilled a labor contract agreement.

Abraham Maslow thought once needs at one level of his hierarchy were met:

another, higher-order need would emerge to motivate that person

Abraham Maslow thought that once needs at one level of his hierarchy were met:

another, higher-order need would emerge to motivate that person.

Sexual harassment laws:

apply to the conduct of women as well as men.

Julie Daniels recently became a member of the Plumbers Union. She has been told she will work with John Weimeister, a skilled and experienced plumber, for at least three years in order to learn all of the skills and techniques of her craft. This type of training is referred to as:

apprenticeship training

After preparing a job analysis, the next step in the human resource planning process is to:

asses future human resource demand.

After preparing a job analysis, the next step in the human resource planning process is to:

assess future human resource demand

The first step in establishing training and development programs is to:

assess the needs of the organization and the skills of the employees.

Generation X employees are likely to:

be more concerned with career security than with job security.

According to Maslow, a higher-order need:

becomes a source of motivation after lower order needs are satisfied

Equity theory states that employees will perform well if they:

believe the reward they receive fairly compensates them for their efforts when compared to others in similar positions.

The _________ is a tactic police, firefighters, and other workers who are not legally allowed to strike sometimes use to express their frustration and displeasure with working conditions or pay.

blue flu

A fringe benefit plan where employees choose the package of benefits they want up to a certain dollar amount is called a __________ plan.

cafeteria-style

A fringe benefit plan where employees choose the package of benefits they want up to a certain dollar amount is called a ___________ plan.

cafeteria-style

Becca is a manager in the credit department for 3STAR Motors. Joe Greene is a new employee in her department. While Joe has been learning his job, Becca has provided him with guidance by offering advice, encouragement, and instructions. However, she is careful to let Joe do the actual work, even if he struggles a bit. Becca's approach to getting Joe up to speed indicates that she is:

coaching Joe rather than helping him.

Public employees and their union representatives were prohibited by a vote in the state senate from negotiating with government officials on issues which affected their labor contracts. The new law directly affected their _________ rights.

collective bargaining

Salespeople often are paid a __________ based on a percentage of their sales.

commission

Salespeople often are paid a ___________ based on a percentage of their sales.

commission

A ___________ allows workers to work the full number of hours per week in fewer days.

compressed workweek

A ______________ allows workers to work the full number of hours per week in fewer days.

compressed workweek

The time when all employees must be present in a flextime plan is referred to as:

core time

Antonio received specific training to become an electrician. He belongs to a union with other skilled electricians. Antonio belongs to a(n):

craft union

In a(n) ______________, all of the members are skilled specialists in a particular trade.

craft union

The first step toward establishing open communication within an organization is to:

create an organizational culture that rewards listening

A major advantage of a piecework pay system is that it:

creates a powerful incentive to work efficiently

A job ___________ is a statement that identifies the objectives of a job, the type of work to be done, the responsibilities and duties that are associated with the job, the working conditions, and the relationship of the job to other functions.

description

A job ______________ is a statement that identifies the objectives of a job, the type of work to be done, the responsibilities and duties that are associated with the job, the working conditions, and the relationship of the job to other functions.

description

Betty Roosevelt is a human resource manager with Avondale Industries. Her current assignment is to revise and update Avondale's employment testing procedures. Betty should:

design tests that are directly related to an applicant's ability to perform the job.

Researchers David Nadler and Edward Lawler suggest that in order to use expectancy theory to improve worker motivation, the first thing managers should do is:

determine what rewards are valued by employees

Lynn is in charge of a nursing shift at a hospital. She wants to improve the motivation and performance level of the nurses under her direction. According to expectancy theory, one element of an effective motivational strategy is to:

determine what types of rewards are valued by the nurses.

Online training courses are sometimes also called:

distance training

The ultimate resource of a firm is its:

employees

The ______________ doctrine states that employers have as much right to fire workers as the workers have to leave the company voluntarily.

employment at will

The _________________ doctrine states that employers have as much right to fire workers as the workers have to leave the company voluntarily.

employment at will

Theory Y managers prefer:

empowerment and letting employees design solutions.

Job ___________ combines a series of tasks into one assignment that is more challenging, interesting, and motivating.

enlargement

The last step in the human resource planning system is to:

establish a strategic plan for recruiting, selecting, training, appraising and scheduling the labor force.

The first step in the performance appraisal process is to:

establish performance standards

Maslow would classify the need for recognition from others and for self respect as _________ needs.

esteem

A comparison of compensation of CEOs in the U.S. with compensation of top executives in Canada and Europe indicates that:

executives in the U.S. are compensated at a much higher rate.

According to expectancy theory, the amount of effort employees exert on a specific task depends on their:

expectations of the outcome

Advertisements, public and private employment agencies, and college placement bureaus are all _________ sources that human resource managers can use in the recruiting efforts.

external

Advertisements, public and private employment agencies, and college placement bureaus are all _____________ sources that human resource managers can use in the recruiting efforts.

external

Rewards that come from someone else in recognition of good work are _________ rewards.

extrinsic

The characteristic of work that is concerned with the amount of direct and clear information employees receive about performance is called:

feedback

At Friendly Financial Consulting, employees are allowed to choose what time they start each work day, as long as they arrive between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 10:00 a.m. They must be on the job from 10:00 a.m. until noon and from 1:00 p.m. until 3:00 p.m. They are required to work a total of 8 hours each day, so the earlier they arrive, the earlier they can leave. This is a ________ system.

flextime

Ben is an HR manager at Claymont Communications. Which of the following tasks would he perform as a part of the human resource planning process?

forecast future human resource requirements for his company

Sick-leave pay, vacation pay, pension plans, and health plans that provide additional compensation to employees are called:

fringe benefits

The main goal of the Knights of Labor was to:

gain political power and restructure the U.S. economy.

A common way of compensating teams is a ___________ system, in which bonuses are based on improvements over a previous performance baseline.

gain-sharing

In recent years some unions have granted concessions and given up benefits secured in earlier contract negotiations in an attempt to save jobs. These concessions are called:

givebacks

Theory Y managers would:

have confidence in the ability of employees to solve problems that arise during work.

The purpose of management by objectives is to:

help employees motivate themselves with a goal-setting model that involves discussion, review, and evaluation by management and employees.

When workers go on strike, management is often compelled to keep the business operation running. If it is unable to achieve this on its own, management may

hire strikebreakers

Janelle spends three hours each day working as an online customer service representative for an online retailer. She can choose her own hours, with reason. The job works out well for her since she has a new baby that she cares for much of the day. The retailer does not provide her or the other 200 customer service reps with workspace, which constitutes a sizeable cost savings for the company. Janelle participates in a popular work strategy known as ____________.

home-based work

Harassment that creates an intimidating or offensive work environment falls under the type of sexual harassment known as a(n)

hostile work environment

Blue-collar and clerical workers who punch a time clock typically are paid a(n)

hourly wage

Maslow was mainly concerned with explaining how:

human motivation was related to a hierarchy of needs

Hillary is a human resource manager with Golden Years Elder Care Services. The company is considering offering some new services, and she wants to know how many current employees have certain types of skills and training to adequately perform the new services. A document that would help Hillary answer this question is the firm's:

human resource inventory

Herberg's research identified several ____________ factors that did not necessarily motivate employees if they were increased, but could cause employees to become dissatisfied if they were missing or inadequate.

hygiene

Geraldo works on the assembly line for a major automobile manufacturer. He was hired for the job without any specific training or skill. Geraldo joined a union with other assembly-line workers who perform a variety of jobs that do not require a highly specialized skill. Geraldo belongs to a(n):

industrial union

A large number of striking workers are currently picketing at the plant entrance to a Memphis Tire and Rubber plant. Because the pickets have threatened people entering the plan and have vandalized some company property, Memphis's city management believes it has just cause to ask the courts for a(n) _________________ placing limits on the number of pickets and their actions while picketing.

injunction

Promotions and transfers are __________ sources available to human resource managers in their recruiting efforts.

internal

The personal satisfaction people feel when they have done a job well is a(n) ______________ reward.

intrinsic

The personal satisfaction people feel when they have done a job well is a(n) ________________ reward.

intrinsic

The Equal Employment Opportunity Act gave the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission the authority to:

issue guidelines for employer conduct in administering equal employment opportunity programs.

The Equal Employment Opportunity Act gave the Equal Employment Opportunity commission the authority to:

issue guidelines for employer conduct in administering equal employment opportunity programs.

A __________ is a two-part process. One part explains what an employee would actually do at various jobs.

job analysis

A _____________ is a two-part process. One part explains what an employee would actually do at various jobs.

job analysis

The practice of moving employees from one job to another to make work more interesting is called:

job rotation

At a large firm, Gina works daily as a secretary from 9:00 a.m. until 1:00 p.m., when she is replaced by Cassie who works from 1:00 until 5:00 p.m. The arrangement Gina and Cassie have at the law firm is known as:

job sharing

At a large law firm, Gina works daily as a secretary from 9:00 a.m. until 1:00 p.m., when she is replaced by Cassie who works from 1:00 until 5:00 p.m. The arrangement Gina and Cassie have at the law firm is known as:

job sharing

Greg, a control room engineer at Tri-State Power, Inc.'s nuclear power plant regularly practices handling emergency situations in a computerized mockup that duplicates the sights, sounds, and experiences of a real control room under emergency conditions. Tri-State uses __________ to train its engineers.

job simulation

A ____________ is a statement that identifies the minimum qualifications required of a worker in order to perform a specific job.

job specification

A _____________ is a statement that identifies the minimum qualifications required of a worker in order to perform a specific job.

job specification

The presence of formal labor organizations in the United States dates back to the:

late 1700s.

Pre-employment physical examinations are:

legal in some states, but only if given to everyone applying for the position.

A(n) ____________ occurs when management temporarily closes a business to deny employment to workers.

lockout

Dane works as a sales representative for the Better Butter Company. He is about to meet with his manager to review his progress toward meeting the sales objectives they agreed to at the beginning of the year. Dane likes the fact that managers at Better Butter listen to their subordinates' ideas and get everyone involved in setting goals and objectives. Dane's experience suggests that Better Butter is utilizing:

management by objectives (MBO).

As a management executive left the meeting between his team and the company's union representatives and headed straight for the CEO's office, he reviewed where things seemed to break down. Union reps came to the table with three different offers to resolve the insurance and vacation benefits problems laborers were experiencing. Management offered is own resolutions -- two different ones, to be exact. The problem was that a bargaining zone did not emerge. Neither side was willing to consider each other's alternatives. As he reached the CEO's door , he was ready to concede that the negotiations were probably headed to ______________.

mediation

Corporate managers who supervise, coach, and guide lower-level employees and serve as their organizational sponsors are called:

mentors

Labor unions were largely responsible for:

minimum wage laws and laws against child labor.

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth developed the principle of ____________, which said that every job could be broken down into a series of elementary motions.

motion economy

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth developed the principle of ________________, which said that every job could be broken down into a series of elementary motions.

motion economy

Reprimands, pay reductions, and suspensions are all examples of:

negative reinforcement

The ___________ sets the tone and clarifies the terms and conditions under which labor and management agree to function over a specific period of time.

negotiated labor-management agreement

Tyrone recently earned his license to sell real estate in Indiana, and has interviewed with several agencies in an attempt to find a job. All have told him that his income will be based on a percentage of his real estate sales for the month. Tyrone will be paid:

on a commission basis

At Washington Seat Belt Industries, new workers are immediately assigned to jobs. They learn by doing the actual work and by watching longer-term employees. This company uses a policy of:

on-the-job training

Membership in the Knights of Labor was:

open to all working people, including employers

A problem with equity judgments is that employees often ________ their own contributions to the success of a business.

overestimate

Equity judgments are based on:

people's perceptions

The __________ is an evaluation of the performance level of employees against established standards to make decisions about promotions, compensation, additional training, or firing.

performance appraisal

The ___________ is an evaluation of the performance level of employees against established standards to make decisions about promotions, compensation, additional training, or firing.

performance appraisal

Maslow classified the needs for basic items such as food, water, and shelter as:

physiological needs

John dropped out of school after the ninth grade and now must support himself though he has few skills. He is a part-time employee at a small retailer earning the minimum wage. John would like to earn more, but hasn't been able to find a better job. He is having a hard time paying his rent and utility bills and has quit eating breakfast to try to save on his food bills. John is having trouble meeting his:

physiological needs.

When union members who have a dispute with a company walk around outside the firm's place of business carrying signs and talking to the media and public about their concerns, they are using a tactic known as:

picketing

The first step in the human resources planning process is to:

prepare a human resource inventory.

A labor dispute between the AFL-CIO and Gainesville Brewery is into its eighth month. The AFL-CIO has called on its membership and the general public to refuse to purchase Gainesville products. The AFL-CIO is calling for a:

primary boycott

The selection process may include a(n) ____________, where employment is only guaranteed for a specified period of time, until either a permanent offer is extended or the employee is discharged.

probationary period

The selection process may include a(n) ______________, where employment is only guaranteed for a specified period of time, until either a permanent offer is extended or the employee is discharged.

probationary period

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

prohibits discrimination based on race, religion, sex, creed, or national origin in matters such as hiring, firing, training, and compensation.

Two advantages of using _________ to fill open positions are: (1) it improves the morale of current employees, and (2) the person filling the position is already familiar with the organization's culture and procedures.

promotions from within

Two advantages of using _____________ to fill open positions are: (1) it improves the morale of current employees, and (2) the person filling the position is already familiar with the organization's culture and procedures.

promotions from within

The Family and Medical Leave Act:

provides unpaid leave of up to 12 weeks for males or females for the birth or adoption of infants, or in the case where it is necessary to care for an immediate family member who may be ill.

According to U.S. business law, accommodation means:

providing services for employees according to their specific needs.

As a human resources professional for a large company, David is involved with the __________ process. His goal is to find the right number of qualified people at the right time. He will screen a qualified pool of candidates and send these individuals forward to others in the firm who will make the final selection decision.

recruiting

As a human resources professional for a large company, David is involved with the _____________ process. His goal is to find the right number of qualified people at the right time. He will screen a qualified pool of candidates and send these individuals forward to others in the firm who will make the final selection decision.

recruiting

One of the key functions of human resource management is:

recruiting

Recently, businesses have experienced debate over _____________, the practice of discriminating against a dominant or majority group of persons. This situation occurs when businesses must adhere to employment laws that were designed to correct previous discrimination against minority groups.

reverse discrimination

Jackie had been very pleased with her part-time job at a local convenience store until a recent incident occurred. During Jackie's shift, the store was burglarized. Although no one was hurt, Jackie now feels uneasy and fearful during her late night shift. She is so nervous and worried that she is having a hard time concentrating on her work and is thinking about quitting. Management needs to be aware of Jackie's unmet _______ needs.

safety needs

Maslow called the needs people have for security at work and at home:

safety needs

Workers who are paid a ___________ receive a fixed compensation weekly, biweekly, or monthly.

salary

Workers who are paid a _____________ receive a fixed compensation weekly, biweekly, or monthly.

salary

A basic idea of _____________ was to conduct time-motion studies to find the best way to perform each task, then teach people to use these methods.

scientific management

A basic idea of ______________ was to conduct time-motion studies to find the best way to perform each task, then teach people to use these methods.

scientific management

The Food Source Grocery chain stocks the products of Vegi-Delite Food Company at all of their supermarkets. The Teamsters Union is currently involved in a labor dispute with Vegi-Delite. The union has already encouraged its members and the general public not to buy Vegi-Delite products. Now it is threatening Food Source with the possibility of a boycott if it continues to carry the Vegi-Delite line. The union is threatening Food Source with a(n):

secondary boycott

When managing your human resources, _____________ is the process of deciding who should be hired, under legal guidelines, to serve the best interests of the individual and the organization.

selection

In Maslow's hierarchy, _____________ needs refer to the desire to reach one's fullest potential.

self-actualization

Jorge hates to do performance appraisals of his subordinates because he always struggles when he has to evaluate their performance. In order to make the actual performance evaluations a better experience for all, Jorge should:

set performance standards that are reasonable, understandable, and measurable, then clearly communicate these standards to his subordinates.

One implication of goal-setting theory is that goals should be:

set through a process that involves all persons responsible for formulating and implementing the goals.

A(n) ___________ is a union official who works permanently in an organization and represents employee interests on a daily basis.

shop steward

You've been on your lunch break for less than 45 minutes when your boss orders you to return to work immediately or be docked an hour's pay. You complain that the current labor contract specifies a full hour for your lunch break and you still have over 15 minutes left. Your boss stands firm on his order for you to return to work. Under protest, you return to work, but plan to file a grievance. The first step you should take is to contact a(n):

shop steward

In coming years, high-tech growth areas such as computers, biotechnology, and robots are likely to experience a:

shortage of skilled labor

Employment testing:

should be directly related to the job.

Managers who advocate job enrichment focus on creating jobs with

skill variety and autonomy

When Elain accepted a position with Cannon Corporation in Dallas, Texas, she felt uneasy. She was new to the area and new to this company. However, she was pleased that her new job offered her the opportunity to play on the company volleyball team. She quickly made new friends and, through her new friends, learned about the city. Apparently, her new job satisfies Elaine's ______________ needs.

social

When Elaine accepted a position with Cannon Corporation in Dallas, Texas, she felt uneasy. She was new to the area and new to this company. However, she was pleased that her new job offered her the opportunity to play on the company volleyball team. She quickly made new friends and, through her new friends, learned about the city. Apparently, her new job satisfies Elaine's ________ needs.

social

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the desire for love and acceptance would fall into the category of:

social needs

Many firms now offer their employees ________ benefits, such as on-site haircuts and free breakfasts, which help employees maintain a balance between work and family life.

soft

Historically, the most potent union tactic when collective bargaining efforts break down has been the:

strike

When AT&T anticipated that 20,000 mobility workers were planning to strike to show their concern about unfair compensation, management was already calling staffing agents to temporarily employ persons to cover for striking employees. Traditionally, these workers are called________________.

strikebreakers.

The degree to which a job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of others in the organization is referred to as:

task significance

An important U.S. government organization charged with setting human resource management guidelines is:

the EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission).

Theory X managers are likely to believe that:

the average person dislikes work and will seek to avoid it when possible.

A job analysis results in two written statements. They are:

the job description and the job specification.

Markus believes that due to changing technology the minimum skill level that his company is requiring for computer-intensive jobs should be increased to include knowledge and experience in higher-level programming applications. These new requirements would be reflected in _______________ for various jobs at his company

the job specification

The changes in the American business system that have had the most dramatic impact on the workings of the free enterprise system are the changes in:

the labor force

The tragedy at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company caused:

the number of union members to increase

The purpose of the earliest recognized labor unions in the U.S. was:

to achieve some short-range goals and then disband.

Unions were originally formed __________________.

to seek protection against unfair treatment

When John lost his job as a highly skilled craftsman at a metal working shop, he searched for a good job for several months before finally accepting a position as a maintenance worker at a local community college. He is happy to have a job, but frustrated by the fact that he had to settle for a job that did not take full advantage of his skills. John is a(n):

underemployed worker

A(n) ________________ is an employee organization that represents workers in employee-management bargaining over job-related issues.

union

Before American Road Builders, Inc., permits its new employees to operate the heavy equipment it uses to build roads, it sends them to a nearby classroom where they learn the safe and proper way to work with all of the tools and equipment they will use when they perform their jobs. American Road Builders is using a training technique known as:

vestibule training

In a union shop:

workers must join the union within a specific time after being hired (usually 30, 60, or 90 days) in order to keep their jobs.

At one time, as a condition of employment, the employer could make the employee sign a statement prohibiting the worker from joining a union. This was called a(n):

Test 4: Chapters 10, 11, & 12 - Intro to Business

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