Test chapters 9-11

What is the primary distinction between bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder?

Bulimia nervosa involves inappropriate purging behaviors while binge eating disorder does not.

Jules is participating in the Strange Situation experiment. When his mother returns, he freezes, and then behaves erratically. In fact, he runs away from his mother. What kind of attachment is this?

Disorganized

A(n) ________ is a subjective, affective state of being that we often describe as our feelings. A(n) ________ refers to a prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not occur in response to something we experience

Emotion , mood

According to ________, lifespan development encompasses eight stages and at each stage we encounter a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved.

Erik Erikson

During adolescence there is a tendency to see people engage in higher levels of risk-taking behavior. Emotional outbursts are also quite common. This is explained by the relative underdevelopment of the ________ lobe of the cerebral cortex.

Frontal

What does set point theory suggest about the probable results of bariatric surgery?

It will not result in long term weight loss because the body will resist change and seek its initial set point.

________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information.

Schemata

Which of the following illustrates conservation?

Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices.

Which theorist promoted the idea that development is fundamentally affected by one's culture as well as their interactions with their own environment?

Vygotsky

Which of the following is something an advocate for arousal theory might observe?

When we are bored we look for excitement; when we are overexcited we wish for more peace.

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees cars driving on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________.

assimilation

Early maturing girls are ________.

at a higher risk of depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders

Which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America?

authoritative

During Piaget's proposed ________ stage of development, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations. At the same time they lack the ability to think abstractly.

concrete operational

What is the main idea of drive theory?

deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs that then push us to behave

Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify?

egocentrism

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

environment and culture

If you suggest that smiling can make someone feel happier, then you believe in the ________.

facial feedback hypothesis

Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of ________ motor skills.

fine

According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use abstract thinking processes?

formal operational

Empty stomachs contract, causing both hunger pangs and the secretion of chemical messages that travel to the brain to serve as a signal to initiate feeding behavior. This is an example of ________.

how physiological mechanisms serve as the basis for hunger

Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. Erik Erikson would argue that during this period adolescents face the________ task of development.

identity vs. confusion

Which of the following is an example of an instinctive behavior?

infant rooting for a nipple

The notion that the manner in which one's brain develops can have a significant impact on a person's cognitive functioning is central to the ________ perspective in developmental psychology.

neuroconstructivist

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify?

object permanence

Food, water, shelter, and warmth represent ________ needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

physiological

According to the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion, emotions consist of two factors: ________.

physiological and cognitive

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through what we can take in through our perceptual systems and how we can move our bodies.

sensorimotor

________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.

Cognitive

Sweating and shivering are responses created due to internal temperature fluctuations, and they are designed to bring the body back into ________.

Homeostasis

According to the ________ theory of emotions, one's physiological arousal precedes the cognitive experience of a feeling.

James-Lange

Which individual produced volumes that discussed sexual behavior among Americans in a way that had never before been made public, research that was not happily received by all who read it?

Kinsey

Which of the following is an example of self-efficacy?

Naomi believes that she can successfully complete law school.

Tesla crafts imitation dream catchers in her spare time. Her father constantly encourages her to sell them on eBay. When she finally agrees to sell them, she notices that while she still enjoys making the dream catchers, she no longer does it for fun—she does it to make money. This is an example of the ________ effect.

Overjustification

When one considers the majority of the scientific data that are available, what can be said about sexual orientation?

Sexual orientation is something with which we are born.

Which of the following describes the Yerkes-Dodson law?

Simple tasks are performed best when arousal levels are relatively high, yet complex tasks are performed best when arousal levels are low.

Which of the following exemplifies extrinsically motivated behavior?

babysitting your younger brother in order to receive an hourly fee

Which option is best described as a hormone that induces feelings of satiety, or fullness when eating?

leptin

Research has found that the nucleus accumbens and the amygdala, both of which are part of the ________, are brain areas that are particularly important in sexual motivation.

limbic system

Age-specific approximations of when a certain skill or ability should first occur in normal development are called developmental ________.

milestones