Test four

A patient presents with dehydration. Following, ACTH administration, plasma cortisol levels cannot be detected. The most likely diagnosis for this patient is a. Addison's disease b. Cushing's disease c. thyroid disease d. rheumatoid arthritis e. excessive cortisol excretion

a. Addison's disease

Water-soluble hormones work by a. binding receptors on the cell membrane b. crossing the plasma membrane c. being second messengers d. stimulating gene transcription e. binding to receptors inside the cell nucleus

a. binding receptors on the cell membrane.

Which of the following is NOT an antiemetic drug? a. cisplatin b. granisetron c. aprepitant (Emend) d. promethazine e. dolasetron (Anzemet)

a. cisplatin

Which is NOT a function of hormones? a. conduct electrical impulses b. regulate growth c. control mechanism d. help in reproduction e. milk letdown

a. conduct electrical impulses

Which of the following hormones disorders causes mental retardation in infancy? a. cretinism; thyroid hormone b. gigantism; growth hormone c. dwarfism; adrenal medulla d. diabetes mellitus; insulin-like factor e. acromegaly; growth hormone

a. cretinism; thyroid hormone

The mechanism of drug action by which erectile dysfunction is treated a. inhibition of phosphodiesterases b. inhibition of GnRH c. vasoconstriction of the blood vessels in the penis d. stimulation of the release of testosterone e. stimulation of estrogen secretion

a. inhibition of phosphodiesterases

Which of the following is true of the hypothalamus? a. it controls the master gland b. it is composed of two main lobes c. it is connected by a portal system in the posterior pituitary gland d. it releases luteinizing hormone e. it is the target organ for growth hormone

a. it controls the master gland

The causes of peptic ulcers include a. not enough mucosal lining in the stomach b. suppressed acid production c. regurgitation of bile acids into the esophagus d. being genetically predisposed e. hypersecretion of mucus in the stomach

a. not enough mucosal lining in the stomach

A patient presents with sever diarrhea. Upon questioning, the patient mentions that he returned from Thailand a week ago. The patient is diagnosed with "traveler's diarrhea". The drug of choice for this patient would include a. rifaximin b. bulk laxatives c. lubiprostone d. methylnaltrexone e. polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution (PEG-ES)

a. rifaximin

All hormones released by the anterior pituitary are regulated by a. the hypothalamus b. the posterior pituitary c. the fat-soluble releasing hormones d. TSH e. a positive feedback resource

a. the hypothalamus

Releasing hormones a. travel along axons to the posterior pituitary b. affect the secretion of hormones in the anterior pituitary c. are released by the target organ to regulate hypothalamus d. produce nerve impulses e. stimulate the release of oxytocin

b. affect the secretion of hormones in the anterior pituitary

Clomiphene produces its effects by a. inhibiting the release of LH b. inhibiting estrogen's negative feedback c. combining estrogen and progesterone d. increasing bone mineral density e. stimulating dysfunctional ovarian tissue directly

b. inhibiting estrogen's negative feedback

Which of the following is not a function of secreted glucocorticoids? a. regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates b. make new protein c. gluconeogenesis d. retention of sodium e. transcription of nucleus DNA

b. make new protein

Which of the following laxatives would be ordered before a colonoscopy? a. docusate sodium b. polyethylene glycol c. psyllium hydrophilic d. mineral oil e. bismuth subsalicylate

b. polyethylene glycol

Select the mechanism of action for 5-HT3 antagonists. a. prevent labyrinthine stimulation of emesis b. prevent serotonin from stimulating the CTZ c. block stimulation of dopamine receptors d. increase secretions from ECL cells e. coat the stomach lining

b. prevent serotonin from stiumulating the CTZ

A patient presents with severe nausea and vomiting after his cisplatin chemotherapy this morning. Which of the following drugs would you prescribe to reduce nausea and vomiting? a. prokinetic drug like bismuth subsalicylate b. serotonin (5-HT3) antagonists c. proton pump inhibitors d. antisecretory drugs e. diphenhydramine

b. serotonin (5-HT3) antagonists

The advantage of a repository preparation of a glucocorticoid is a. rapid response b. slow release from the muscle c. oral administration d. prevention of edema in the joint e. to reduce itching from poison ivy

b. slow release from the muscle

The primary therapeutic goal in treatment of GERD and peptic ulcer is to a. increase mucosal production b. suppress acid production and relieve symptoms c. prevent erosion on ileum d. maintain levels of magnesium and calcium with antacids e. get patient on prostaglandins

b. suppress acid production and relieve symptoms

A patient diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis is in remission, and the physician tells the patient to discontinue her prednisone. Which important advice would the physician give to his patient? a. discontinuing the prednisone will lower your potassium b. taper the medication dosage down over the next few months c. your immune function will decrease after discontinuing the medication d. your skin may bruise more easily e. discontinue the dosage over the next 48 hours to none taken on the third day

b. taper the medication dosage down over the next few months

Which of the following is true of the negative feedback system? a. levels of circulating hormone always change suddenly and severity b. the target organ turns off pituitary secretion c. a body suckling is an example of negative feedback d. hormones are NOT controlled

b. the target organ turns off pituitary secretion

Which of the following are true about oral contraceptives? a. the hormone is delivered via a vaginal ring b. they can be monophasic, biphasic, or triphasic c. they can be administered as a spray d. the doses of estrogen are at the highest effective coverage dose e. they are used for hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

b. they can be monophasic, biphasic or triphasic

In both males and females the hypothalamus secretes this hormone to stimulate the release of LH and FSH. a. testosterone b. estrogen c.. GnRH d. DHEA e. TRH

c. GnRH

Choose the hormones whose target organs are the gonads of males and females. a. TSH b. ACTH c. LH, FSH d. GH e. somatostain

c. LH, FSH

Which of the following drugs are used to stimulate defecation? a. a. 5-HT3 antagonists b. adsorbents c. antimotility drugs d. cathartics e. cholestyramine resin

c. antimotility drugs

A hormone a. rapidly responds to a stimulus b. is a neurotransmitter c. binds to a specific receptors to produce its effects d. produces nerve impulses e. is secreted into a specialized duct system

c. binds to specific receptors to produce its effects

Dwarfism is caused by a. elevated thyroid hormone production b. decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) c. decreased growth hormone d. high plasma glucose concentration e. an overactive negative feedback response

c. decreased growth hormone

Which of the following is NOT part of the ovarian cycle? a. ovulation b. luteal c. developing corpus luteum d. follicular e. endometrial

c. developing corpus luteum

Choose the mechanism of action of adsorbents antidarrheal drugs. a. kill bacteria b. decrease serotonin release c. form a complex with irritating substance d. absorbed into blood circulation to work on the system e. complex with glucose in the intestinal lumen

c. form a complex with irritating substance

Which of the three phases of gastric acid secretion is stimulated by the distention of the stomach? a. cephalic b. colonic c. gastric d. intestinal e. activation of the CTZ

c. gastric

A mechanism by which oral contraceptives prevent ovulation includes a. inhibiting the corpus luteum's production of progesterone b. facilitating implantation to occur c. increasing the levels of estrogen and progesterone d. stimulating the release of LH and FSH e. stimulating the release of follitropin

c. increasing the levels of estrogen and progesterone

Select the mechanisms by which swelling agents increase defecation. a. soak up water and distend the rectum b. irritate the mucosal lining of the intestine c. inhibit stool formation in the large intestine d. coat the fecal matter e. complex with bile salts to produce diarrhea

c. inhibit stool formation in the large intestine

The defecation reflex a. is a voluntary process b. contracts the external anal sphincter c. is initiated by distension of the colon d. propels feces into the small intestine e. polyethulene glycol-electrolyte solution

c. is initiated by distension of the colon

A patient is newly diagnosed with mild GERD. Which of the following medications might be prescribed first? a. barbiturates b. H2 receptor antagonists c. metoclopramide d. dronabinol (Marinol) e. OTC Emetrol

c. metoclopramide

Metocloprimide (Reglan) is used to treat which ailments of the GI tract? a. GI hypermotility b. irritab le bowel syndrome c. newly diagnosed peptic ulcers d. neurologenic colon e. GERD and chemotherapy induced vomiting

c. newly diagnosed peptic ulcers

What is the most common etiology of peptic ulcer disease? a. alcohol b. GERD (gastroeshophageal reflux disease) c. NSAIDs (nonsteroidal antiinglammatory drugs) d. Helicobacter pylori e. hypersecretory conditions

d. Helicobacter pylori

In the menstrual cycle which of the following hormones is responsible for ovulation? a. progesterone b. FSH c. hCG d. LH e. oxymetholone

d. LH

Which of the following treatments for simple diarrhea works by forming a complex with the irritant? a. antibiotics b. opioid derivatives c. anticholinergics d. adsorbents e. lacutlose

d. absorbents

Which of the following is not true of mineralocorticoids like fludrocortisone? a. cause an increase in reabsorption of sodium b. cause K+ iion transport to urine c. regulate fluid balance d. decrease inflammation e. are administered with a glucocorticoid in Addison's disease

d. decrease inflammation

Which of these effects is not associated with long term steroid therapy? a. obesity b. thinning of skin c. glaucoma d. increased muscle strength e. steroid addiction

d. increased muscle strength

Which is not correct about how clomiphene works? a. stimulates the release of FSH and LH b. can cause more than one egg to be released c. acts as a follicular development stimulant d. increases estrogen receptors e. binds to estrogen receptors as a receptor antagonist

d. increases estrogen receptors

Which of the following drugs has been approved for treatment of patients with constipation caused by opioid analgesics? a. emollients b. lubiprostone c. stimulants d. methylnatltrexone e. magnesium citrate

d. methylnaltrexone

What is NOT an adverse effect of osmotic laxatives? a. depressed CNS b. decreased muscle function c. dehydration d. respiratory depression e. flatulence and cramps

d. respiratory depression

Which of the following drugs blocks the release of HCI from the parietal gland? a. antacids b. H2 receptor antagonists c. proton pump inhibitors d. sucralfate e. misoprostil

d. sucralfate

A patient newly diagnosed with hyperthyroidism has blood drawn for labs. The physician tells the patient that his TRH function is normal as is the TSH level. Using negative feedback, which location is most likely secreting excess hormone? a. CNS b. anterior pituitary c. hypothalamus d. target organ (thyroid gland) e. adrenal cortex

d. target organ (thyroid gland)

Which of the following is true of monophasic oral contraceptives? a. pill color varies over the cycle b. estrogen to progestin ratio changes over the cycle c. the first 10 pills of the cycle may be iron supplements d. there is a fixed ratio of hormones for days 0 to 21 e. Ortho-Novum 7/7/7 and Orto tri-cyclen are incuded in this group

d. there is fixed ratio of hormones for days 0 to 21

Which of the following is correct about mineralocorticoids? a. they are secreted by the adrenal medulla b. the target organ is the pancreas c. they cause excess excretion of sodium ions d. their principle action is to reduce inflammation e. aldosterone is the primary hormone

e. aldosterone is the primary hormone

The regulation of cortisol secretions involves which of the following? a. diurnal rhythm b. negative feedback triggered by elevated circulated cortisol levels c. stress d. circadian rhythm e. all of these

e. all of these

Which is not an action of androgens? a. stimulation of protein synthesis b. increase in appetite c. erythropoiesis d. weight gain e. dyspareunia

e. dyspareunia

Which of the following is NOT a primary cause of diarrhea? a. increased intestinal motility b. inflammation c. osmotic imbalance d. drug therapy e. hydration from daily water intake

e. hydration from daily water intake

Select the true statement about dexamethasone. a. it is a naturally occurring steroid b. it is transported to the target cell and stimulates protein production in the nucleus c. it is a short-acting, low potency steroid d. it has high potency for a sodium retention e. it is used only to diagnose adrenal insufficiency

e. it is used only to diagnose adrenal insufficiency

A patient taking prednisone long term (chronically) might develop which of the following adverse effects? a. dehydration b. hypotension c. bronchial asthma d. weight loss e. moon face or buffalo hump

e. moon face or buffalo hump