test

Which causes the Day and Night to occur?

Earth revolves around the sun in 365 days, 5 hours, 59 minutes and 16 seconds. The time a planet takes to revolve around the sun is called a year

The Earth is tilted at _____ on its axis.

Earth's axial tilt is about 23.5 degrees.

If Emigration is greater than immigration then the population will _____.

Emigration decreases the population. In any population that can move, then, natality and immigration increase the population. Mortality and emigration decrease the population. Thus, the size of any population is the result of the relationships among these rates.

What agent of erosion only affects locations along a coastline (at the beach)?

Erosion by Water

Identify the four spheres of the earth and give examples of each

Everything in Earth's system can be placed into one of four major subsystems: land, water, living things, or air. These four subsystems are called "spheres." Specifically, they are the "lithosphere" (land), "hydrosphere" (water), "biosphere" (living things), and "atmosphere" (air).

According to the Demographic Transition Model, what will cause the death rate to drop?

First, birth and death rates are both high, so little growth occurs. Second, death rates fall due to improved living conditions, while birth rates remain high. During this period the population grows rapidly.

What are the 5 Major World Religions?

Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism

Water heats up and cools off ______ that land does.

Land has lower heat capacity and requires less heat to increase its temperature and water has higher heat capacity and requires more heat to increase its temperature. Hence land heats up and cools down faster than water.

_________ scale maps show small areas in great detail.

scale map is one in which a given part of the Earth is represented by a small area on the map.

Define Terrorism, Nationalism, United Nations,

A UN panel, on March 17, 2005, described terrorism as any act "intended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians or non-combatants with the purpose of intimidating a population or compelling a government or an international organization to do or abstain from doing any act."

As population increases, the levels of technology and creativity will also rise is the _____ view of rapid population growth.

A larger population will generate more ideas to feed technological progress. ... When you combine these two concepts, a larger population generates more ideas, which in turn eases the constraint on additional population growth, which further accelerates the production of ideas.

. _______ maps describes a person's perception of physical features on the Earth.

A topographical map is one that shows the physical features of the land.

Define Meteoroid, Comet, Asteroids

An asteroid is a small rocky object that orbits the Sun. ... A meteor is what happens when a meteoroid - a small piece of an asteroid or comet - burns up upon entering Earth's atmosphere

According to the Demographic Transition Model, as a country becomes more industrialized, birth and death rates will _____.

As such, Stage 3 is often viewed as a marker of significant development. Examples of Stage 3 countries are Botswana, Colombia, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Mexico, South Africa, and the United Arab Emirates, just to name a few.

Describe the orographic effect and what is a rainshadow?

As the cool air descends, it warms and expands, reducing its possibility of precipitation. This is known as the rain shadow effect and is the primary cause of leeward deserts of mountain ranges, such as California's Death Valley.

As elevation increases temperature ______.

As you increase in elevation, there is less air above you thus the pressure decreases. As the pressure decreases, air molecules spread out further (i.e. air expands), and the temperature decreases.

The Sun will appear directly over the Tropic of Capricorn on which day?

At the winter solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, around December 21, the Sun is directly over the Tropic of Capricorn and lies within the boundaries of the constellation Sagittarius, having reached its southernmost declination in the ecliptic.

________ and _________ affects the amount of sunlight that reaches different locations on earth at different times of the year which causes the seasons to change.

Axial tilt of Earth's axis and earth's orbital motion around the Sun.

Like fossils found on separate continents support the Theory of _______.

Continental drift

Define Culture, Social Classes, Ethnic Group, Cultural region

Cultural systems appear to respond more slowly to agents of change than do economic or urban systems. Thus the Manufacturing Belt, a core region for many social and economic activities, now spans parts of four traditional culture areas—New England, the Midland, the Midwest, and the northern fringes of the South.

How a culture uses its natural resources to meet human needs (food, Shelter)

Food, clothing, and shelter are often listed as the three basic human needs. Providing these involves using natural resources. Food and water provide needed nutrients. Food is typically obtained from plants and ani- mals produced on farms and ranches.

With this perspective, Geographers try to answer why things are located where they are, and what makes certain areas distinct.

Geographers ask where things are located on the surface of the earth, why they are located where they are, how places differ from one another, and how people interact with the environment.

scale models of the Earth that can accurately display shape, area, distance, and direction

Globe. Earth is best represented by a globe like the one seen in Figure below because Earth is a sphere.

During which season are days in the Northern Hemisphere longer than those in the southern?

In June, when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the sun, the sun's rays hit it for a greater part of the day than in winter. This means it gets more hours of daylight.

What is the only way a country can grow if the population does not grow as a result of natural increase?

In Stage 3 of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM), death rates are low and birth rates decrease, usually as a result of improved economic conditions, an increase in women's status and education, and access to contraception.

When does the Fall Equinox occur in the Northern Hemisphere?

In the Northern Hemisphere the autumnal equinox falls about September 22 or 23, as the Sun crosses the celestial equator going south. In the Southern Hemisphere the equinox occurs on March 20 or 21, when the Sun moves north across the celestial equator.

In which direction does Earth rotate?

Its rotation direction is prograde, or west to east, which appears counterclockwise when viewed from above the North Pole, and it is common to all the planets in our solar system except Venus and Uranus, according to NASA.

Identify the parts of a map and what do they show?

Map Elements

The ______ of a map determines the level of detail that can be presented.

Map scale

What do Political, Physical, Thematic, Climate, contour, vegetation, Economic activity maps each show.

Maps present information about the world in a simple, visual way. They teach about the world by showing sizes and shapes of countries, locations of features, and distances between places. Maps can show distributions of things over Earth, such as settlement patterns.

What are Natural, Cultural, Geometric boundaries?

Natural boundaries are based on physical features, like rivers, mountains, and coastlines. For example, the border of Arkansas is formed along the Mississippi River. Geometric boundaries are straight lines drawn by people. ... Cultural boundaries are based on human traits or behaviors and don't have to be official borders.

A city with the coordinates 32°N and 15°E would be located in the ________ Hemisphere.

Northern and Eastern

A cool water current will have a ______ effect on nearby land.

Ocean currents act as conveyor belts of warm and cold water, sending heat toward the polar regions and helping tropical areas cool off, thus influencing both weather and climate. ... Land areas also absorb some sunlight, and the atmosphere helps to retain heat that would otherwise quickly radiate into space after sunset.

This Revolution lead to urbanization where people moved to the city to find jobs,

One important result of industrialization and immigration was the growth of cities, a process known as urbanization. Commonly, factories were located near urban areas. These businesses attracted immigrants and people moving from rural areas who were looking for employment. Cities grew at a rapid rate as a result.

________ is one of the strongest unifying forces of a culture.

People in an ethnic group share a language, history, religion, and some physical traits. 3. One of the strongest unifying forces for a culture is religion.

Most migrate for better ______.

People may choose to immigrate for a variety of reasons, such as employment opportunities, to escape a violent conflict, environmental factors, educational purposes, or to reunite with family.

Analyzes the diverse interaction of the human and physical worlds to learn more about how Earth's systems are connected

Physical geography looks at the natural processes of the Earth, such as climate and plate tectonics. Human geography looks at the impact and behavior of people and how they relate to the physical world

Plants help protect the land from wind and water erosion by _______.

Plants prevent wind and water erosion by covering the soil and binding the soil with their roots.

__________ states that the Earth's crust is divided into sections called plates

Plate tectonics

A more developed country will double its population _______ than a less developed country.

Population growth in developing countries will be greater due to lack of education for girls and women, and the lack of information and access to birth control.

What are internal and external forces of change in culture?

Pressures for change are created from both inside and outside the organization. Organization must forge ahead on these forces to survive. Some of these are external, arising from outside the company, whereas others are internal arising from sources within the organization.

What are push/pull factors?

Push factors "push" people away from their home and include things like war. Pull factors "pull" people to a new home and include things like better opportunities. The reasons people migrate are usually economic, political, cultural, or environmental.

Define remote sensing, GPS, and GIS

Remote sensing is a GIS data collection and processing technique. GPS (global positioning system) is a way to assign a location to a point on the Earth.

When the North Pole tilts away from the Sun, the most direct rays strike the ___ Hemisphere.

Solstice: Twice during the year is the time when the Earth's poles point at their greatest angle toward or away from the Sun. December 21st: The sun's most direct rays strike along a parallel 23 1/2 degrees south of the equator: Tropic of Capricorn.

On which day will there be 24 hours of daylight above the Arctic Circle?

Summer Solstice, which occurs on June 21/22, is the date at which the Arctic Circle experiences 24 hours of daylight. South of the Arctic Circle (Fairbanks, for example, the sun briefly dips below the horizon, but it is still light enough to read a newspaper.

What are the differences between terrestrial and gas giant planets and what planets are identified in each.

Terrestrial Planets: Coming from the Latin word "terra", meaning "land," the terrestrial planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars

The Andes and the Mariana Trench was created by which Tectonic process?

The Andes were formed by tectonic activity whereby Earth is uplifted as one plate (oceanic crust) subducts under another plate (continental crust).

The relationship between the Earth and the sun directly affects ______.

The Earth revolves (orbits) around the Sun in one year. The Earth's rotation axis is tilted relative to the plane of its orbit around the Sun. This tilt of the Earth is responsible for the seasons as the Earth orbits the Sun. The Sun provides energy that sustains all life on Earth.

The Hawaiian Island chain was created as the plate moved over a _____.

The Hawaiian Islands were formed by such a hot spot occurring in the middle of the Pacific Plate. While the hot spot itself is fixed, the plate is moving. So, as the plate moved over the hot spot,

The San Andreas Fault is the result of this type of boundary.

The San Andreas Fault and Queen Charlotte Fault are transform plate boundaries developing where the Pacific Plate moves northward past the North American Plate.

What ocean extends from coast of Antarctica north to 60 degrees S latitude

The Southern Ocean extends from the coast of Antarctica north to 60 degrees south latitude, which coincides with the Antarctic Treaty region and which approximates the extent of the Antarctic Convergen

Which area of Earth receives varying amounts of direct sunlight during the year and weather changes dramatically with seasons? (4 seasons)

The Sun's rays strike Earth's surface most directly at the equator.

Give examples of absolute and relative location

The absolute location of the U.S. Capitol in latitude/longitude is 38° 53′ 35″ N, 77° 00′ 32″ W. An example of the relative location of the U.S. Capitol is that it is located about 38 miles southwest of Baltimore.

Define Autocracy, Oligarchy, Democracy

The autocracy form of government is characterized by the presence of a single leader who rules the people. It is akin to the dictatorship form of government. ... On the other hand, oligarchy is a form of government in which the power rests with a small group of people.

As Rural populations grow, the amount of farmland does not increase. As a result, _____.

The coefficient for population growth is positive and significant at the p<0.001 level. The results indicate that population growth will increase agriculture production growth by 61.1%. Model 2 also shows that an increase in agricultural land will increase agriculture production growth by 20.9% (p<0.01).

What are the characteristics reflective of where people tend to settle

The cost of housing was the most commonly selected reason for why residents chose to live in their neighbourhood in the national poll (28 per cent of respondents). Being close to friends and family was second (28 per cent), and the size and type of housing available was third (22 per cent).

This Revolution brought about more complex governments and writing systems.

The emergence of a civilized or complex society is derived from agricultural developments, necessary division of labor, a hierarchical political structure, and the development of institutions as tools for control.

Element of culture that provides a sense of identity, influences daily life - morals, values, holidays, festivals, shapes cultural expressions such as literature, painting, sculpture, architecture, music and dance, and can be a source of conflict

The major elements of culture are symbols, language, norms, values, and artifacts.

Element of culture that maintains the order within a society, provides protection from outside dangers, supplies other services to its People.

The major elements of culture are symbols, language, norms, values, and artifacts. Language makes effective social interaction possible and influences how people conceive of concepts and objects. Major values that distinguish the United States include individualism, competition, and a commitment to the work ethic.

The amount of water vapor held in the air depends on _____.

The maximum amount of water vapor that can be in the air depends on the air temperature. Warmer air can hold more water vapor within it.

Define Demography, Natural Increase,

The natural balance (or natural increase) is the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths recorded over a period.

What are the differences between Cylindrical, planar, and conic map projections

The only factor that distinguishes different cylindrical map projections from one another is the scale used when spacing the parallel lines on the map.

What is the difference between physical and human characteristics?

The physical characteristics of a place make up its natural environment . Human characteristics of a place also include land use, density of population, language patterns, religion, architecture, and political systems.

What is an economic consequence of Negative Population Growth?

The possible impacts of a declining population that leads to permanent recession are: Decline in basic services and infrastructure. If the GDP of a community declines, there is less demand for basic services such as hotels, restaurants and shops. The employment in these sectors then suffers.

Earth is divided into the Eastern and Western Hemispheres by the _______ and the ____.

The prime meridian and the International Date Line,

The _______ is an imaginary line that marks the 0 point for lines of longitude.

The prime meridian is the line of 0° longitude, the starting point for measuring distance both east and west around the Earth.

Cultural Hearths were farming settlements located in areas ____.

The seven original cultural hearths are located in: Mesopotamia, Nile Valley and the Indus Valley, Wei-Huang Valley, Ganges Valley, Mesoamerica, West Africa, Andean America.

Which area of Earth receives the most direct sunlight in a year, and has very warm/hot climates?

The tropics are warm all year, averaging 25 to 28 degrees Celsius (77 to 82 degrees Fahrenheit). This is because the tropics get more exposure to the sun. Because of all that sun, the tropics don't experience the kind of seasons the rest of the Earth does.

What factors influence population growth?

The two main factors affecting population growth are the birth rate (b) and death rate (d). Population growth may also be affected by people coming into the population from somewhere else (immigration, i) or leaving the population for another area (emigration, )

The hydrologic cycle is driven by _____.

The water cycle is driven primarily by the energy from the sun

What is a highland climate?

There are no seasons in the Highland climate. Any seasonal differences would only be felt at low elevations, near the bottom of a mountain. What are the Temperatures like? The reason mountains need their own climate type is because the "climate" changes as you move up the mountain.

. Twice a year the sun directly hits the equator. These days are called equal night, because daytime and nighttime are each 12 hours Long.

These events are referred to as Equinoxes.

When geographers acquire geographic information by direct observation, they

They conduct interviews and surveys.

Most of World's population live in ________ areas

Today, 55% of the world's population lives in urban areas, a proportion that is expected to increase to 68% by 2050.

Difference between Tropical wet and tropical wet and dry climates

Tropical climates are found at or near the equator. ... Tropical wet climates get rain year round. Tropical rainforests grow in this climate zone. Tropical wet and dry climates have a rainy season and a dry season.

In all cultures, the _______ form is the most important group.

Values and Beliefs. The first, and perhaps most crucial, elements of culture we will discuss are its values and beliefs. Values are a culture's standard for discerning what is good and just in society. Values are deeply embedded and critical for transmitting and teaching a culture's beliefs.

Areas located by oceans have more ____ temperatures than areas that are deep in the interior of a continent.

Water has a higher heat capacity than soil and rock, so the ocean takes much longer to heat and to cool than the land. Coastal areas will generally have more moderate temperatures than inland areas because of the heat capacity of the ocean.

The condition of the atmosphere at a given time and place is called _____.

Weather is the condition of the climate in a particular place at a particular time. ... The state of the atmosphere at a particular time and place. Weather is described in terms of variable conditions such as temperature, humidity, wind velocity, precipitation, and barometric pressure.

Developed to help the members of a culture work together to meet basic needs

What do we call groups of languages that have similar roots? They develop to help the members of a culture work together to meet basic needs. Why do social systems develop? They share common language, history, place of origin or a combination of these elements.

This has been a major factor in cultural development since the dawn of human history. As early hunter and gatherers migrated from place to place, they helped spread cultural traits from one group to another.

When early humans began farming, they were able to produce enough food that they no longer had to migrate to their food source. This meant they could build permanent structures, and develop villages, towns, and eventually even cities. Closely connected to the rise of settled societies was an increase in population.

Most Volcanism and tectonic processes occur on or around _______.

When the lava cools and hardens, it forms into the cone-shaped mountain we think of as a volcano. Most of the world's volcanoes are found around the edges of tectonic plates, both on land and in the ocean

When two plates collide and form trenches, folds, and faults. The Himalayan Mountains were created by this tectonic process.

When two continental plates converge, they smash together and create mountains. The amazing Himalaya Mountains are the result of this type of convergent plate boundary.

Wind always flows from _____ pressure to ____ pressure.

Wind blows from areas of high pressure toward areas of low pressure. If the high pressure area is very close to the low pressure area, or if the pressure difference is very great, the wind can blow very fast.

When does the Winter Solstice occur in the Southern Hemisphere?

Winter solstice, also called hibernal solstice, is the two moments during the year when the path of the Sun in the sky is farthest south in the Northern Hemisphere (December 21 or 22) and farthest north in the Southern Hemisphere (June 20 or 21).

People live on a little less than _____ of Earth's total land area.

World population distribution is uneven. Places which are sparsely populated contain few people. Places which are densely populated contain many people. Sparsely populated places tend to be difficult places to live. ... Population density is a measurement of the number of people in an area.

When the death rate falls and the birth rate remains high, the total population ________.

You can predict the growth rate by using this simple equation: growth rate = birth rate - death rate. If the birth rate is larger than the death rate, then the population grows. ... The population size will decrease. If the birth and death rates are equal, then the population size will not change.

Map projection that shows true size and shape but distorts direction and distance. Valuable for showing landmasses

conformal maps show true shapes of small areas but distort size. Equal area maps distort shape and direction but display the true relative sizes of all areas.

The Great Rift Valley in Africa and the Mid Atlantic Ridge was created by this type of boundary.

divergent plate boundary

Difference between the 4 temperate climates

humid subtropical climate, Mediterranean climate, oceanic, and continental climate.

What are the differences in the Agricultural, Industrial, and Information Revolutions?

industrial Revolution: The transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to between 1820 and 1840. ... Agricultural Revolution: The unprecedented increase in agricultural production in Britain due to increases in labor and land productivity between the mid-17th and late 19th centuries.

Difference between subarctic and tundra climates

is that tundra is a flat and treeless arctic biome while subarctic is region immediately outside of the arctic circle or regions similar to these in climate or conditions of life.

Describe the 5 themes of geography and give examples of each.

location, place, human-environment interaction, movement, and region.

Another word for longitude?

meridians

what allows for the movement of ideas faster than ever before.

migration

. When lines on a globe become straight or slightly curved, distortion ________ occurs in shape, distance, area, and direction.

of size, shape, distance, or area

Lines of latitude measure the distance north and south of the

of the Equator.

The Ring of Fire encircles which tectonic plate?

the large Pacific Plate.