Test MGT-420 Exam 3
A manager who wants to increase voice in his department should increase________ . (a) bureaucracy (b) trust (c) hierarchy (d) the grapevine
B
Another name for integrative negotiation is ____________. (a) arbitration (b) mediation (c) principled negotiation (d) smoothing
B
Legitimate power is a form of _________ power. (a) position (b) personal (c) connection (d) information
B
The three criteria for effective negotiation are ____________. (a) harmony, efficiency, and quality (b) quality, effi ciency, and effectiveness (c) ethical behavior, practicality, and cost-eff ectiveness (d) quality, practicality, and productivity
B
When a manager asks people in confl ict to remember the mission and purpose of the organization and to try to reconcile their diff erences in that context, she is using a confl ict management approach known as ____________. (a) reduced interdependence (b) buff ering (c) resource expansion (d) appeal to common goals
B
__________occurs when words convey one meaning but body posture conveys something else. (a) Ethnocentric message (b) Incongruence (c) Semantic problem (d) Status effect
B
__________ means that one person or group relies on another person or group to get what they want or need.
Dependency
Samantha stated that she does not like her coworker, Mary. Samantha said, "Mary always rubs me the wrong way." Samantha is experiencing __________ conflict with Mary.
Emotional
The negotiating pitfall of __________ occurs when people become committed to their demands and are reluctant to back down once the demands have been stated.
Escalating commitment
The negotiating pitfall of __________ occurs when people become committed to their demands
Escalating commitment and are reluctant to back down once the demands have been stated.
The beliefs followers hold about the way they should engage and interact with leaders to meet the needs of the work unit is/are called ____________ orientation
Follower role
Which of the following is not considered a benefit of functional conflict?
Functional conflict can decrease the amount of information used for decision making
______________ occurs when individuals accept an influence attempt because they want to maintain a positive relationship with the person or group making the influence request.
Identification
• ______________ occurs when individuals accept an influence attempt because they want to maintain a positive relationship with the person or group making the influence request
Identification
Passive management by exception involves which of the following?
Intervening only if standards not met
The study of manager-subordinate relationship quality is known as:
Leader-member exchange
The extent to which individuals choose to assume leadership training, roles and responsibilities refers to:
Motivation to lead
Which of the following means that the individual or the work performed by the subunit cannot be easily replaced?
Non-substitutability
Directives falling within the zone of indifference are __________.
Obeyed
Which of the following are efforts by organizational members to seek resources and achieve desired goals through informal systems and s
Organizational politics
Which of the following are efforts by organizational members to seek resources and achieve desired goals through informal systems and structures?
Organizational politics
As a manager, Joanna engages in democratic form of leadership that focuses on consulting with subordinates and taking their suggestions into account before making decisions. Joanna is said to following which of these?
Participative leadership
The type of leadership that is best used when subordinates need limited direction and support is
Participative leadership
Which of the following describes a form of power arising from alliances with others developed through reciprocity?
Reciprocal alliances
The ability of union members and management representatives to work together effectively after a contract dispute has been settled reflects which of these goals?
Relationship
Relational _________ involves actions to return the relationship to a positive state
Repair
Relational _________ involves actions to return the relationship to a positive state.
Repair
All of the following statements are true with respect to two-way communication EXCEPT:
Research indicates that two-way communication is often less effective than one-way communication
__________ conflicts occur when the communication of task expectations is unclear or upsetting in some way, such as a team member receiving different expectations from the leader and other members
Role ambiguity
Which theory describes how relationships initiate and develop through processes of exchange and reciprocity?
Social exchange theory
__________ differences in organizations create potential communication barriers between persons of higher and lower ranks.
Status
The dollar amount of a wage agreement in a collective bargaining situation is an example of a(n) __________ goal
Substance
The dollar amount of a wage agreement in a collective bargaining situation is an example of a(n) __________ goal.
Substance
Two persons debating each other aggressively on the merits of two different proposed advertising campaigns is an example of __________.
Substantive interpersonal conflict
A superficial and often temporary form of conflict resolution that leaves the situation open to future conflict over similar issues is known as ______________.
Suppression
Which Approach to leadership study assumes that leaders are endowed with certain traits or qualities that explain their leadership status and success?
Trait approach
The type of leadership that involves inspirational relationships in which both leaders and followers are positively transformed in the process is known as ____________ leadership.
Transformational
__________ communication is more costly and time consuming than __________ communication.
Two-way; one-way
Which of the following countries is a low-context culture?
United States
__________ leadership occurs when leaders at lower levels within the organization influence those at higher levels in ways that create change.
Upward
Which of the following describes a situation in which one person's gain is equal to another person's loss?
Zero sum game
A focus on power for collective rather than personal benefit is called
socialized charismatic power orientation
A/an ____________ confl ict occurs in the form of a fundamental disagreement over ends or goals and the means for accomplishment
(c) substantive
Which type of negotiation takes place when one party is willing to make concessions to the other to get things over with?
: Soft distributive negotiation
A _________ is when individuals go outside the formal system to accomplish a task or goal. (a) workaround (b) power base (c) network (d) political climate
A
An ____________ confl ict occurs when a person must choose between two equally attractive alternative courses of action. (a) approach-avoidance (b) avoidance-avoidance (c) approach-approach (d) avoidance-approach
A
Conflict that ends up being "functional" for the people and organization involved would most likely be ____________. (a) of high intensity (b) of moderate intensity (c) of low intensity (d) nonexistent
A
Failure to comply because a directive does not fall in the acceptable range of requests is called _________. (a) a zero sum game (b) powerlessness (c) political savvy (d) the zone of indiff erence
A
If two units or teams in an organization are engaged in almost continual confl ict and the higher manager decides it is time to deal with matters through managed interdependence, which is a possible choice of confl ict management approach? (a) compromise (b) buff ering (c) appeal to common goals (d) upward referral
A
Of the following statements, only ____________ is true. (a) Principled negotiation leads to accommodation. (b) Hard distributive negotiation leads to collaboration. (c) Soft distributive negotiation leads to accommodation or compromise. (d) Hard distributive negotiation leads to win-win confl icts
A
Organizational silos ______communication. (a) inhibit (b) enhance (c) do not aff ect (d) promote
A
Personal bias is an example of _________in the communication process. (a) an interpersonal barrier (b) a semantic barrier (c) physical distractions (d) proxemics
A
Th e indirect confl ict management approach that uses the chain of command for confl ict resolution is known as ____________. (a) upward referral (b) avoidance (c) smoothing (d) appeal to common goals
A
The primary focus of supportive communication principles is _______. (a) reducing defensiveness and disconfirmation (b) increasing voice (c) reducing silence (d) increasing feedback orientation
A
What form of power stems from the expectation that a person will be punished if he or she fails to conform to infl uence attempts? (a) reward power (b) legitimate power (c) coercive power (d) referent power
A
When individuals respond to power because they want to obtain a reward or avoid punishment, they are being _________. (a) politically savvy (b) empowered (c) instrumental (d) resistant
A
Which approach to confl ict management can be best described as both highly cooperative and highly assertive? (a) competition (b) compromise (c) accommodation (d) collaboration
A
Which communication is the best choice for sending a complex message? (a) face-to-face (b) written memorandum (c) e-mail (d) telephone call
A
________ says that if you do not use power appropriately others will rise up to take it away. (a) Empowerment (b) Instrumental theory (c) Th e Iron Law of Responsibility (d) Coercive power
A
________cause a relationship to kick back into active testing processes. (a) Relational violations (b) Interpersonal barriers (c) Semantic barriers (d) Supportive communication principles
A
_______shows us why developmental feedback is so important. (a) Th e Johari Window (b) Relational testing (c) Active listening (d) Nonverbal communication
A
A focus on power for collective rather than personal benefit is called
A socialized charismatic power orientation
Relationships develop through a process of ______. (a) feedback seeking (b) feedback giving (c) active listening (d) relational testing
D
Social power diff ers from _________, which is power made operative against another's will. (a) powerlessness (b) force (c) dependence (d) zero sum game
D
Laissez-faire leadership involves:
Abdicating responsibilities and avoiding decisions
When issues are more important to others than to yourself or when you want to build "credits" for use in later disagreements _______ may be used.
Accommodation
_________ involves listening to another person with the purpose of helping him or her think through a problem they are having.
Active listening
__________ involves listening to another person with the purpose of helping him or her think through a problem they are having.
Active listening
The mum effect can occur for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
An employee's desire to speak out at meetings
The mum effect can occur for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
An employee's desire to speak out at meetings
Developing political savvy involves a combination of skills, including all of the following EXCEPT:
Approaching conflict in ways that negate others
All of the following are effective ways to give developmental feedback EXCEPT:
Be general so as not to hurt the person's feelings
Grapevines have the advantage of __________.
Being able to transmit information quickly and efficiently
A lose-lose confl ict is likely when the confl ict management approach is one of ____________. (a) collaborator (b) altering scripts (c) accommodation (d) problem solving
C
Both ____________ goals should be considered in any negotiation. (a) performance and evaluation (b) task and substance (c) substance and relationship (d) task and performance
C
If someone is confused because they don't understand the word that the other is using the communication is suff ering from a_____ barrier. (a) listening (b) interpersonal (c) semantic (d) cultural
C
In today's interdependent society and knowledge-based organizations, _________ is becoming increasingly important. (a) connection power (b) coercive power (c) referent power (d) control
C
Individuals who have _________ know how to read political situations and respond eff ectively. (a) perceptions of organizational politics (b) networks (c) political savvy (d) power bases
C
One of the problems with the suppression of confl icts is that it ____________.
C
Th e idea that social power can be an expanding pie is the basis for the trend toward _________. (a) hierarchical thinking (b) political climate (c) personal power (d) empowerment
C
When a person approaches a negotiation with the assumption that in order for him to gain his way, the other party must lose or give up something, the ____________ negotiation pitfall is being exhibited. (a) myth of the fi xed pie (b) escalating commitment (c) overconfi dence (d) hearing problem
C
When you give constructive criticism to someone, the communication will be most eff ective when the criticism is ______. (a) general and nonspecifi c (b) given when the sender feels the need (c) tied to things the recipient can do something about (d) given all at once to get everything over with
C
________is an example of an informal channel through which information fl ows in an organization. (a) Top-down communication (b) Th e mum eff ect (c) Th e grapevine (d) Transparency
C
_________ is a passive form of resistance that involves noncompliance. (a) Constructive resistance (b) Dysfunctional resistance (c) Controlled resistance (d) Conscientious resistance
D
Which of these indicates the capacity of a channel to convey information?
Channel richness
Followers contribute to the leadership process by 1) granting claims to leaders and 2)
Claiming their own roles as followers Claiming their own roles as followers
Among the rules for active listening is ._______ (a) remain silent and communicate only nonverbally (b) use primarily advising and defl ecting (c) don't let feelings become part of the process (d) refl ect back what you think you are hearing
D
In ________ communication the sender is likely to be most comfortable, whereas in __________communication the receiver is likely to feel most informed. (a) two-way; one-way (b) top-down; bottom-up (c) bottom-up; top-down (d) one-way; two-way
D
In communication, _______is anything that interferes with the transference of the message. (a) channel (b) sender (c) receiver (d) noise
D
In the process of alternative dispute resolution known as ____________, a neutral third party acts as a judge to determine how a confl ict will be resolved. (a) mediation (b) arbitration (c) conciliation (d) collaboration
D
Networking builds _________ in organizations. (a) human capital (b) social capital (c) informal systems (d) political savvy
D
Organizational politics occur in the _________ of an organization. (a) hierarchical structures (b) boundaries (c) formal systems (d) informal systems
D
Power that comes from who you know is called _________. (a) human capital (b) association power (c) referent power (d) interpersonal power
D
