Test Review Part Two

The Supreme court's decision in the Dred Scott case effectively repealed: a. Missouri Compromise b. Fugitive Slave Act c. Ostend Manifesto d. Wilmot Proviso e. Eleventh Amendment to the Constitution

A. Missouri Compromise

The Reconstruction Acts of 1867 provided for : a. temporary Union military supervision of the ex-Confederacy b. federal monetary support of the resettlement of American Blacks in Africa c. denial of Black property-holding and voting rights d. implementation of anti-Black vagrancy laws in the South e. lenient readmission of the ex-Confederate states to the Union

A. Temporary Union military supervision of the ex-confederacy

The Battle of Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862, is considered pivotal to the outcome of the civil war because it: a. represented the Union's deepest thrust into southern territory b. forestalled the possibility of European intervention c. resulted in the border states joining the Confederacy d. marked the first use of Black troops by the Union army e. confirmed George McClellan's status as the leading Union general

B. Forestalled the possibility of European intervention

The hostility of the Know-Nothings was directed primarily against: a. the growth of cities and industrial manufacturing b. Irish and German Catholic immigrants c. Free Masons and members of other fraternal orders d. abolitionists e. slaveholders

B. Irish and German immigrants

Which of the following resulted from the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo in 1848: a. The United States annexed Texas into the Union. b. Mexico paid $15 million to the United States for war reparations. c. The United States pledged to abolish slavery in the Mexican Cession. d. The two countries agreed to restore the prewar status quo. e. The United States achieved uncontested ownership of Texas.

B. Mexican paid 15 million to the US for war reparations

The Ostend Manifesto, written during the Pierce Administration, suggested the United States might be justified in acquiring: a. Texas b. Mexico c. Cuba d. Santo Domingo e. The Virgin Islands

C. Cuba

While different political groups came together to form the republican party in 1854, they were united by their: a. commitment to the immediate abolition of slavery in America b. opposition to the spread of slavery into the territories c. support of the American System of national economic development d. opposition to Irish-Catholic immigrants' influence in society e. support for the Kansas-Nebraska Act

B. Opposition to the spread of slavery into the territories

In adopting the 14th amendment, congress was primarily concerned with: a. protecting the powers of the southern state governments established under Andrew Johnson b. protecting legislation guaranteeing civil rights to former slaves c. ending slavery d. guaranteeing all citizens the right to vote e. establishing the Freedmen's Bureau

B. Protecting legislation guaranteeing civil rights to former slaves

In which year would the population of an Atlantic Seacoast city most likely have appeared as follows: Born in US (white): 70,000 Born in Ireland: 25,000 Born to Irish-born parents: 2,000 a. 1790 b. 1820 c. 1850 d. 1890 e. 1930

C. 1850

A common characteristic of scalawags and carpetbaggers during reconstruction was that they: a. helped organize resistance to the new southern government through the Ku Klux Klan b. formed the core of the teachers in the Freedmen's Bureau schools created in the South c. cooperated with Republicans and blacks in the new southern governments d. came into the South from the North to exploit the region and enrich themselves e. were homeless southerners willing to do anything to survive after the war

C. Cooperated with Republicans and blacks in the new southern government

Which of the following supplied the largest number of immigrants to the US during the first half of the 19th century: a. England b. Africa c. Ireland d. The German states e. The Netherlands

C. Ireland

The first attempt o apply the doctrine of popular sovereignty determining the status of slavery occurred in: a. Texas b. California c. Kansas d. Missouri e. Oregon

C. Kansas

All of the following were true of the Emancipation Proclamation EXCEPT a. it had a very limited impact on the freeing of slaves in the United States b. it was issued by President Lincoln after long hesitation and delay c. the Border States opposed it as an attack on their slaveholding rights d. it transformed the focus and objective of the Civil War in the North e. the president used his military authority to issue the Proclamation

C. The border states opposed it as an attack on their slaveholding rights

How did northerners react to the Dred Scott case in 1857: a. Most northerners applauded the decision as a means to restore peace and tranquility to the country. b. The ruling drove many northerners away from the Republican Party because the Party's ideas were declared illegal. c. The decision confirmed to many northerners that "Slave Power" was gaining control of the government. d. Many northerners agreed with Chief Justice Taney's views of granting citizenship to educated free blacks. e. Northerners feared the ruling because it called for a return of slavery into their state.area. e. He feared slavery would undermine the South's ability to industrialize and stay competitive with the North.

C. The decision confirmed to many northerners that "slave power" was gaining control of the government

In 1840 the American Antislavery Society split into factions because: a. its goals had been accomplished b. most Americans rejected the goal of colonizing Black people c. William Lloyd Garrison's advocacy of women's rights and pacifism alienated some members d. a new sentiment in Congress favoring abolitionism led to disagreement over the rights of former slaves e. the death of Elijah P. Lovejoy created a struggle for power within the organization

C. William Lloyd Garrison's advocacy of women's rights and pacifism alienated some members

All of the following statements about the pre-Civil War American slavery are true EXCEPT: a. Although experience varied from one plantation to another, investments in slaves generally yielded rates of return equal to or better than other forms of investments of comparable risk in the pre-Civil War American economy. b. Although Southern legal codes did not uniformly provide for the legislation and stability of slave marriage, slaves were generally able to marry, and the institution of marriage was common on Southern plantations. c. Although slaves were mainly employed in agriculture, by the 1850's they also were employed as construction workers and industrial laborers. d. Because of the relative ease with which slaves could gain their freedom by manumission or by purchase, the proportion of freedmen to slaves was almost equal in many areas of the South. e. Despite the geographical diffusion of slavery throughout the South, at no time did the majority of White families in the South own slaves.

D. Because of the relative ease with which slaves could gain their freedom, the proportion of freedmen was equivalent to that of slaves.

"...the descendants of Africans who were imported into this country, and sold as slaves...are not included...under the word 'citizens'": a. Marbury v. Madison b. The liberty party platform c. McCulloch v. Maryland d. Dred Scott v. Sanford e. The Freedmen's Bureau act of 1865

D. Dred Scott Decision

Early in the Civil War, President Lincoln hoped to end slavery by: a. immediately emancipating all slaves with no compensation to their owners b. emancipating the slaves in the border states and later freeing those in the rest of the South c. gradually emancipating slaves in the South, but allowing the owners to move west to reestablish slavery on their farms and plantations there d. gradually emancipating slaves, paying the owners, and colonizing the freed slaves e. gradually emancipating the slaves, paying the owners and establishing a bi-racial society in America

D. Gradually emancipate the slaves, paying the owners and colonizing the free slaves

In the 1840s, many people supported popular sovereignty because: a. it called for one slave state to be added for every free state, thus maintaining sectional harmony and balance b. it denied that African Americans were citizens and stripped them of all rights c. it called for a national referendum on the extension of slavery, which put slavery's future into the hands of the voters d. it called for the residents of a territory to decide the question of slavery e. it counted slaves as three-fifths of a person in the territories, which was very popular in both the North and the South

D. It called for the residents of a territory to decide the question of slavery

During Reconstruction, Southern Blacks typically did which of the following: a. Worked as day laborers in towns and cities. b. Migrated northward, exercising their new freedom. c. Owned and worked small farms. d. Worked in mines and factories. e. Tilled farms as renters and sharecroppers.

E. Tilled farms as renters and sharecroppers

In the antebellum period, free African Americans were: a. given the right of suffrage in most states b. protected from kidnapping under stringent provisions of the Fugitive Slave Act c. educated in integrated schools in most northern states d. able to settle in states in the Middle West without legal restriction e. able to accumulate some property in spite of discrimination

E. Able to accumulate some property in spite of discrimination

In the Pre-Civil War era, the Railroad's most important impact on the economy was that: a. creation of a huge new market for railway equipment b. creation of the basis for greater cooperation between Southern planters and Northern textile manufacturers c. generation of new employment opportunities for unskilled urban workers d. participation of the federal government in the financing of a nationwide transportation network e. accessibility to Eastern urban markets provided to Midwestern farmers

E. Accessibility to eastern urban markets provided to Midwestern farmers

The majority of white families in the antebellum south owned: a. more than 100 slaves b. 50 to 100 slaves c. 10 to 50 slaves d. 5 to 10 slave e. no slaves

E. No slaves

During reconstruction the main goal of the ku klux klan was to: a. work with former slaves and defend their new political rights b. rekindle a full-scale war against northern aggression c. legalize slavery once again and reestablish the antebellum South d. prevent the changes in southern society envisioned by the Radical Republicans e. cooperate with the new southern governments to end military occupation of the South

d. Prevent changes in southern society envisioned by the radical republicans

According to Alexis de Tocqueville in "Democracy in America," American individualism arose as a result of: a. the absence of an aristocracy b. limited geographic mobility c. the uneven distribution of wealth d. urbanization e. the Enlightenment

A. Absence of an aristocracy

A central theme of Alexander Tocqueville's "Democracy in America" was that: a. American equality is a product of the nation's social mobility and geographic restlessness b. American democracy cannot be maintained because the masses are turbulent and unreliable c. Americans are not ambitious enough to make the capitalist system work d. Americans measure social class by inherited wealth and family background e. American society is superior to all European cultures

A. America's equality is a product of the nation's social mobility and geographic restlessness.

The North's advantage over the south at the outbreak of the Civil War included all of the following Except: a. greater agreement over war aims b. more substantial industrial resources c. a more extensive railroad network d. dominance in foreign trade e. naval supremacy

A. Greater agreement over war aims

Based on the Senatorial debates with Abraham Lincoln, how did Stephen Douglas view slavery: a. He did not take a moral position on slavery and mainly considered its impact on his political prospects. b. He believed slavery was an affront to the Declaration of Independence and must be ended immediately. c. He favored creating a southern Confederacy based on slave labor even at the expense of national unity. d. He supported local police regulations to protect and maintain slavery in an area. e. He feared slavery would undermine the South's ability to industrialize and stay competitive with the North.

A. He did not take a moral position on slavery and mainly considered its impact on his political prospects

In part, Abraham Lincoln refrained from taking action to emancipate slaves until the Civil War had been in progress for almost two years because: a. he sought to retain the loyalty of the border states b. slavery still existed in most Northern states c. Congress had not granted him the authority d. he was preparing to plan to send all of the slaves to Liberia e. he feared a hostile reaction on the part of the British and French

A. He sought to retain the loyalty of the border states

Which of the following statements is true of the Compromise of 1850: a. It delayed the Civil War but did little to settle slavery's future. b. It provided the South with ten years to prepare for secession. c. It gained support in California with its provision to allow slavery there. d. It decreased sectional tensions by strengthening the Fugitive Slave Law. e. It enjoyed widespread support in the North because it added Maine to the Union as a free states.

A. It delayed the civil war but did little to settle slavery's future

During the Civil War, a copperhead was someone who: a. lived in the North, but supported the South's effort to establish an independent nation b. was a Democrat, yet voted for Abraham Lincoln in 1860 and 1864 c. favored ending slavery even if such action destroyed the Union d. helped England smuggle contraband into the South e. supported Lincoln's suppression of civil rights

A. Lived in the north but supported the South's effort to establish an independent nation.

Support for slavery in the southern states was based on all of the following reasons EXCEPT a. Most White families owned slaves. b. Slaveholders believed that slaves were inferior and required White guardianship. c. Slavery was condoned in the Bible. d. White plantation owners feared abolition would destroy the South's economy. e. Poor White farmers feared the economic competition of four million freed persons.

A. Most white families owned slaves

Which of the following achievements of the "carpetbag" governments survived the "redeemer" administrations: a. Participation by both Whites and African Americans in local government b. Establishment of a public school system c. Election of African American majorities state legislatures d. Establishment of a vigorous Republican Party in the South e. Opening of public facilities to African Americans

A. Participation by both whites and African-Americans in local government

All of the following elements of the Radical Republican program were implemented during reconstruction EXCEPT: a. provision of 40 acres to each freedman b. enactment of the Fourteenth Amendment c. military occupation of the South d. punishment of the Confederate leaders e. restrictions on the power of the President

A. Provision of 40 acres to every freedman

With the publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe: a. reached millions of people who had previously given little thought to slavery b. raised fears in the South that slave rebellions were imminent throughout the region c. condemned southern slaveholders for their brutal and unchristian behavior d. supported the southern view that slaves were better off than northern factory workers e. used her personal experiences to show the suffering of slaves in the South

A. Reached million of people who had previously given little thought to slavery

Which of the following best summarizes the impact of reconstruction on the South: a. Reconstruction failed to make lasting changes in the political and social power structure in the South. b. Reconstruction left many problems unresolved, but it did promote racial understanding in the South. c. Reconstruction reformed public education in the South and made it equal to public education in the North. d. Reconstruction made sweeping changes in land ownership in the South. e. Reconstruction strengthened the Republican Party in the South and ended Democratic dominance in the region.

A. Reconstruction failed to make lasting changes in the political and social power structure in the south

The Kansas-Nebraska Act heightened the sectional crisis because it: a. repealed the Missouri Compromise b. repealed the Fugitive Slave Act c. made Kansas and Nebraska free states d. stimulated Southern emigration to the territories taken from Mexico e. signaled acceptance of the principle of the Wilmot Proviso

A. Repealed the Missouri Compromise

Which of the following best explains why the US denied Texas admission to the Unions between 1836 and 1845: a. The presidents in these years opposed annexation because it would weaken national security. b. Economic depression distracted the nation from expanding westward. c. Mexico's alliance with Great Britain discouraged Congress from bold action d. Northerners were reluctant to add new territories that would strengthen the South e. The acquisition of Oregon was the main objective of Manifest Destiny during these years.

A. The Presidents in these years opposed annexation because it would weaken national security.

Which of the following best characterizes the response of Great Britain and France to the American Civil War: a. They saw advantages in a divided Union, but pursued cautious policies toward both sides. b. They favored restoration of the Union and actively worked to arbitrate the conflict. c. They favored permanent separation of the Union and openly supported the South. d. They favored restoration of the Union and openly supported the North. e. They had no interest in the conflict and remained aloof from it.

A. They saw advantages in a divided Union, but pursued cautious policies toward both sides.

Which of the following best describes the position on slavery the majority of northerners during the sectional crises of the 1850s: a. They were willing to accept slavery where it existed but opposed further expansion to the territories. b. They were active supporters of complete abolition. c. They favored continued importation of slaves from Africa. d. They advocated expansion of the slave system to provide cheap labor for northern factories. e. They advocated complete social and political equality for all races in the United States.

A. They were William to accept slavery where it existed but opposed further expansion into the territories.

Which of the following correctly summarizes the beliefs of Tecumseh before the War of 1812: a. White and Native Americans could coexist together as long as the United States honored its treaties. b. Native-American culture could be maintained only through the reservation system proposed by the United States government. c. Only the Shawnee could defeat the United States because they had experienced a spiritual rebirth. d. United by common spiritual beliefs, Native Americans should come together and fight to protect their lands. e. Only a leader such as the Prophet was qualified to lead resistance against the United States.

D. United by common spiritual beliefs, Native Americans should come together and fight to protect their land.

African American soldiers who served in the Union army during the Civil War were likely to: a. receive hazardous duty pay whenever they went into combat b. serve as spies in the South because they knew the terrain so well c. serve in the front lines where they experienced mortality rates higher than white soldiers d. experience acceptance and support from their fellow white soldiers e. be assigned menial tasks doing physical labor behind the lines

E. Be assigned menial tasks doing physical labor behind the lines

The rise of the Know-nothing party during the 1850s demonstrated that some Americans were: a. opposed to the economic policies of both the Whigs and Democrats b. supportive of Clay's American System of protectionism and internal improvements c. fearful the two parties intended to end slavery d. favorable to popular sovereignty as a means of deciding the future of slavery e. fearful of increased immigration

E. Fearful of increased immigration

Which of the following most likely increased Mexican suspicion of US territorial objectives in the 1830s-40s: a. Abolitionist agitation in the North b. Jackson's policy toward the annexation of Texas (1836-37) c. The Webster-Ashburton Treaty d. Clay's speeches in the campaign of 1844 e. Rhetoric on "manifest destiny" in the American press

E. Rhetoric on Manifest Destiny in the American Press

Which of the following had the greatest impact on the institution of the slavery in the US in the 1st quarter of the 19th century: a. Demands of Southern textile manufacturers for cotton b. Introduction of crop rotation and fertilizers c. Use of more stringent techniques of slave control d. Invention of the cotton gin e. The "three-fifths" compromise

E. The 3/5ths Compromise

In the presidential campaign of 1860, which of the following positions was asserted by the Republican party platform with respect to slavery: a. Slavery should be abolished immediately by the federal government. b. The extension of slavery to other countries should be prohibited. c. The Missouri Compromise line (36º 30') should be extended to the Pacific Ocean, and slavery should be prohibited in territories above that line. d. The gradual emancipation of the slaves should begin, and the federal government should compensate slave owners for the loss of slave property. e. The extension of slavery to United States territories should be prohibited by the federal government, but slavery should be protected in the states where it already existed.

E. The extension of slavery in the US territories should be prohibited by the Federal Government.

In his speeches during the 1850s, Abraham Lincoln took the position that slavery? a. should co-exist with non-slave territories for years into the future b. was not a moral issue but instead should be addressed in the political process c. violated the Declaration of Independence and must be ended immediately d. should be ended through a Constitutional amendment providing compensation to slave owners e. threatened the political and economic rights of white settlers in the western territorie

E. Threatened the political and economic rights of white settlers in western territories