Testing, Intelligence, and Individual Differences

standardized test require clearly specified procedures for their administration scoring. list the reasons why.

- allow comparisons among scores of various test takers - reduce the possible effects of extraneous variables on scores - to increase the reliability and validity of test scores - to increase the objectivity of the scoring procedures used

the ratio of mental age to chronological age for a child of average intelligence is

1:1

In psychometrics, ________ validity is the extent to which a score on a scale or test predicts scores on some criterion measure. general intelligence test scores obtained during adolescence should predict grades in school.

predictive

________ validity is established by demonstrating that there is a correlation between scores on the test and later academic performance?

predictive

on individual intelligence tests such as Stanford-Binet and Wechsler scales, and IQ of _______ indicates that the test taker scored at the average level for test takers of the same age

100

________'s efforts to measure intelligence were directed at predicting children's success in school.

Alfred Binet

Charles spearman's concept of _________ is most accurately defined as a single, underlying intellectual capacity measured by intelligence tests.

G

which of the multiple intelligences posited by Howard Gardner is most closely related to the concept of emotional intelligence?

Intrapersonal intelligence

_______ refers to intelligence scores increase from generation to generation

The Flynn effect

A test that measures a student's potential ability is an _______

aptitude test

_______ refers to the potential of an individual to perform an as-yet-unlearned task

aptitude test

standardized tests are supposed to be administered and scored in a _______ manner

consistent

_______ validity is a psychometric property used to assess the extent to which the items on a test measure what they are supposed to measure.

construct

A teacher creates a test that will predict how well a student will do as a commercial airline pilot. the test is taken before the training, and then the teacher correlates the test score to the number of safe flying hours. the teacher is trying to determine whether the test has ______ validity

criterion

In psychometrics, _________ validity is the extent to which a measure is related to an outcome criterion validity is often known as predictive validity.

criterion

The component of intelligence described by Raymond Cattell as involving the ability to understand logical relationships, reason abstractly, and learn quickly is related to __________

fluid intelligence

example of ________ : using cubes to figure out a solution to a previously unseen puzzle

fluid intelligence

research findings on ______reared apart indicate that they have similar levels of intelligence and support strong biological basis for behavior?

identical twins

The Psychology Aptitude Test (PAT) was administered to incoming college psychology majors. Their scores were later compared to their performance in the introductory psychology course, and high scores on the PAT were related to high grades in the course. Therefore the PAT has

predictive validity

a test is administered it to 1,000 4th graders across the country, and then it is re-administer to the same children 90 days later. the test-retest results will yield and evaluation of the test's _______

reliability

Michael, who has an IQ of 60, is able to do complex calculations in his head, regardless of the size of the numbers. When he is with his family and friends, he does not engage socially; he focuses on his numerical calculations. Michael has

savant syndrome

Barbara is a talented architect. On which type of intelligence will she most heavily rely to complete her next building design?

spatial intelligence

on an intelligence test, the number of questions and individual answers correctly is meaningless without _____ because extraneous variables could have impacted scores

standardization

A _______ must have uniform criteria for scoring, norms, uniform instructions, and reliability.

standardized test

A researcher interested in finding a simple way to estimate intelligence decides to evaluate skull circumference as a possible indicator of intelligence. He finds that the size and adults skull remains the same from one measurement to the next, but he finds that skull circumference is not a very good predictor of intelligence. In this example, skull circumference as a measure of intelligence as reliable but not__________

valid

A female student was rejected by a college because of her score on a test used by the college to predict performance there was below the colleges cut off score. a influential alumnus of the college intervened on the students behalf and the student was admitted. four years later the student graduated with honors the most likely explanation of this outcome is that the test had less than perfect _____

validity