TestOut Introduction to Computers (A+) Chapter 5.5 - 5.9 Review
You have just received a frantic call from a customer. She informs you that after turning her computer on, she received the following error: The SMART hard disk check has detected an imminent failure. Which of the following is the best FIRST step to take? • Run a hard drive test to verify the hard disk's condition. (It may be a false error.) • Correct the bad areas on the drive using chkdsk. • Run a reliable defragmentation tool. • Back up all important data and files.
Back up all important data and files. Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (SMART) is a monitoring system that detects drive errors. If SMART detects enough errors that a complete hard disk failure is imminent, a warning is displayed when the system boots. SMART is designed to warn you of disk failures before they actually happen. If you see a SMART error, you should immediately back up the data on the disk and then, to be safe, replace the drive. Running a hard drive test to verify the hard disk's condition is a good second step to verify that the SMART error is accurate. You could run chkdsk after backing up all important data and files, but it would probably not resolve the SMART warning. A defragmentation tool will not help you troubleshoot or fix disk errors. Its main purpose is to consolidate files to create disk space and improve computer disk reads.
Match each disk type with its corresponding description/features below. Each disk type may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Only support volumes made up of contiguous disk space. Terms: • Dynamic disks • Basic disks • Active disks
Basic Disks Basic disks: • Use primary and extended partitions. • Are supported by all operating systems. • Only support volumes made up of contiguous disk space. Dynamic disks: • Support up to 128 volumes. • Support volumes that use discontiguous disk space. • Store partitioning information in a hidden database on all such disks in the system.
Match each disk type with its corresponding description/features below. Each disk type may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Are supported by all operating systems. Terms: • Dynamic disks • Basic disks • Active disks
Basic disks Basic disks: • Use primary and extended partitions. • Are supported by all operating systems. • Only support volumes made up of contiguous disk space. Dynamic disks: • Support up to 128 volumes. • Support volumes that use discontiguous disk space. • Store partitioning information in a hidden database on all such disks in the system.
Match each disk type with its corresponding description/features below. Each disk type may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Use primary and extended partitions. Terms: • Dynamic disks • Basic disks • Active disks
Basic disks Basic disks: • Use primary and extended partitions. • Are supported by all operating systems. • Only support volumes made up of contiguous disk space. Dynamic disks: • Support up to 128 volumes. • Support volumes that use discontiguous disk space. • Store partitioning information in a hidden database on all such disks in the system.
While trying to start your Windows 11 system, you see the following error message: Could not read from the selected boot disk. Check boot path and disk hardware. Which of the following will MOST likely fix the problem? - Boot into the recovery console and copy the NTLDR file to the boot volume. - Boot into Safe Mode and restore to a restore point. - Boot into the recovery console and run the fixmbr command on the boot volume. - Boot into the recovery console and run the bootcfg /rebuild command. - Boot into the recovery environment and run the bootrec /rebuildbcd command.
Boot into the recovery environment and run the bootrec /rebuildbcd command. This error message is generated when the system cannot find the partition specified in the BCD database where the operating system files are located. For example, the database might be pointing to the C: drive for the operating system files, but that drive does not exist. To fix this problem, boot into the recovery environment and then run the bootrec /rebuildbcd command to rebuild the boot loader database with a list of valid operating system locations. You will not be able to boot into Safe Mode because the operating system files have not yet been loaded. NTLDR (NT loader) is the boot loader for all releases of the Windows NT operating system up to and including Windows XP and Windows Server 2003. NTLDR is not used in Windows 11. The fixmbr and bootcfg commands were used on older versions of Windows.
You are currently running a video editing application on your Windows 11 laptop. The laptop includes both an SSD drive and a traditional hard drive. You run the video application on the hard drive, but you would like to install and run the app from the SSD drive to enhance performance speed. Which of the following should you do to protect the video application and associated data files from drive failure when you move them to the SSD drive? • Defragment the SSD drive on a regular basis. • Enable the TRIM functionality. • Encrypt the data on the SSD drive. • Configure an automatic backup to the hard disk drive.
Configure an automatic backup to the hard disk drive. You should consider configuring an automatic data backup process (such as Windows Backup and Restore or File History) to the hard drive in order to protect the data stored on the SSD drive. TRIM functionality extends the life of the SSD drive by preventing the SSD drive from storing unnecessary data and being overused. TRIM is not designed to protect the data on an SSD drive. When working with SSD drives, you should not defragment them as you do standard hard disk drives. Running defragmentation utilities causes unnecessary write/erase operations to occur and can quickly reduce the drive's lifespan. While encrypting the data on an SSD drive can protect it from security breaches, it also increases the read/write access to the drive (decreasing the drive's lifespan). Also, this does not protect against an SSD drive failure.
Your computer has a single hard disk with a single volume that is used by the C:\ drive. You have previously upgraded the disk to a dynamic disk. The disk has run out of space, so you want to add more space to the C:\ volume. You add a new hard disk to the computer. Which of the following is the BEST step to complete while adding space to the C:\ drive? • Strip the C:\ volume to the second disk. • Span the C:\ volume to the second disk. • Create a mount point using space on the second disk. • Extend the C:\ volume to the second disk.
Create a mount point using space on the second disk. A mount point is an empty folder on the existing volume that points to another partition. Data saved to the folder is physically saved on the referenced partition. Extending a volume adds space to the volume. Extending a volume using space on a different disk creates a spanned volume. You cannot extend the system volume using space on a second disk. A striped volume uses two equal portions on two disks. You can create a new striped volume, but you cannot stripe an existing volume.
You have a computer with a single hard disk, which is configured as a basic disk with an NTFS-formatted single partition. The computer runs Windows 11. The disk has run out of space, and you want to add more space to the disk. You install a new hard drive and start Disk Management. Which of the following is a required task to add space to the existing volume? • Create a new partition without a drive letter on the new hard disk. • Create an empty folder on the new hard disk. • Upgrade both disks to dynamic. • Extend the C:\ volume.
Create a new partition without a drive letter on the new hard disk. Because this is the system volume, the only way to add space on the new disk is to create a mount point. A mount point is an empty folder on the existing volume that points to another partition. Data saved to the folder is physically saved on the referenced partition. To create a mount point, you: • Create an empty folder on the existing volume. • Create a partition on the new disk without a drive letter. • Mount the partition to the empty folder on the existing volume. You cannot extend the volume to another disk because the volume is the system volume. You cannot extend the system volume even if it is on a dynamic disk. You can create mount points on basic or dynamic volumes.
Match each file system component with the description below: A container in a file system used to logically sort and organize data. Terms: • File • Directory • Volume • Partition
Directory A directory (also called a folder) is a container in a volume that holds files or other directories. A directory is used to logically sort and organize data to keep related files grouped together. There are four main components to a file system: • Partition - a logical division of a storage device associated with a hard disk drive. • Volume - a single accessible storage area within a file system that can encompass a single partition or span across multiple partitions. • Directory - a container (also called a folder) in a volume that holds files or other directories. It is used to logically sort and organize data to keep related files grouped together. • File - a one-dimensional stream of bits treated as a logical unit. Files are the most basic component that a file system uses to organize raw bits of data on the storage device itself.
Which of the following disk maintenance utilities locates and disposes of files that can be safely removed from a disk? • Check Disk • Disk Management • Disk Defragmenter • Disk Cleanup
Disk Cleanup Disk Cleanup helps manage disks by locating and disposing of files that can be safely removed from the disk. Disk Defragmenter optimizes the performance of your hard drive by joining fragments of files that are in different locations into a single location. Check Disk is a utility that verifies a hard disk's file system integrity. Disk Management is a tool for viewing, modifying, and creating partitions.
Which of the following disk maintenance utilities optimizes the performance of your hard drive by joining parts of files that are in different locations into a single location? • Check Disk • Disk Management • Disk Cleanup • Disk Defragmenter
Disk Defragmenter Disk Defragmenter optimizes the performance of your hard drive by joining fragments of files that are in different locations into a single location. The more information is on the drive, the more time it will take to defragment. Disk Cleanup helps manage disks by locating and disposing of files that can be safely removed from the disk. Check Disk is a utility that verifies a hard disk's file system integrity. Disk Management is a tool for viewing, modifying, and creating partitions.
Which Windows tool do you use to create and delete partitions on hard drives? • Device Manager • Disk Management • Services • Explorer
Disk Management
Which Windows tool can you use to determine the amount of space available to shrink a volume? • Disk Management • chkdsk /r • Computer Management • chkdsk /f
Disk Management When you right-click a volume, Disk Management decides how much you can shrink the volume. In other words, Disk Management tells you the amount of free space that you can shrink the volume by. The chkdsk command checks a volume's file system for logical and physical errors. The chkdsk /r command does the same thing as chkdsk /f, but also checks for bad sectors and recovers any readable information. You can access Disk Management through Computer Management, but Disk Management is the tool that gives you information about the amount of space available to shrink a volume.
Match each disk type with its corresponding description/features below. Each disk type may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Store partitioning information in a hidden database on all such disks in the system. Terms: • Dynamic disks • Basic disks • Active disks
Dynamic disks Basic disks: • Use primary and extended partitions. • Are supported by all operating systems. • Only support volumes made up of contiguous disk space. Dynamic disks: • Support up to 128 volumes. • Support volumes that use discontiguous disk space. • Store partitioning information in a hidden database on all such disks in the system.
Match each disk type with its corresponding description/features below. Each disk type may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Support up to 128 volumes. Terms: • Dynamic disks • Basic disks • Active disks
Dynamic disks Basic disks: • Use primary and extended partitions. • Are supported by all operating systems. • Only support volumes made up of contiguous disk space. Dynamic disks: • Support up to 128 volumes. • Support volumes that use discontiguous disk space. • Store partitioning information in a hidden database on all such disks in the system.
Match each disk type with its corresponding description/features below. Each disk type may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Support volumes that use discontiguous disk space. Terms: • Dynamic disks • Basic disks • Active disks
Dynamic disks Basic disks: • Use primary and extended partitions. • Are supported by all operating systems. • Only support volumes made up of contiguous disk space. Dynamic disks: • Support up to 128 volumes. • Support volumes that use discontiguous disk space. • Store partitioning information in a hidden database on all such disks in the system.
You have a single hard drive on your laptop with a basic system volume. The volume is running out of space, and you would like to extend the space on the volume. Which of the following would work BEST to resolve the issue? • Extend the system volume by adding a second hard drive and using contiguous space on the new drive. • Extend the system volume on the existing hard drive by using non-contiguous unallocated space. • Extend the system volume on the existing hard drive by using contiguous unallocated space. • Extend the system volume by adding a second hard drive and using non-contiguous space on the new drive.
Extend the system volume on the existing hard drive by using contiguous unallocated space. For basic or dynamic hard drives, you can only extend a system volume onto the same hard drive using contiguous unallocated space. You cannot extend the volume to a second hard drive.
You have just purchased a new USB drive that you want to use to troubleshoot the computers in your company as well as other network devices, such as printers and projectors. You need to format this new drive with a file system that will be recognized and used on all devices. Which of the following file system types would meet MOST, if not all, of your needs when formatting your USB drive? • CDFS • FAT32 • NTFS • NFS
FAT32 FAT32 is your best choice. Many of the older operating systems (and non-PC systems like printers, projectors, and TV sets) were initially installed or designed to use FAT32. Formatting your USB drive with any of the other file systems would make it incompatible with many of the devices you need to maintain.
Lately, you hear a clicking noise when reading or writing data from the hard disk. What is the MOST likely cause of the clicking? • Failing hard drive • Overheated CPU • Failed UPS • Bad memory
Failing hard drive A clicking noise when reading or writing data from the hard disk is an early sign of a failing drive. As a precaution, you should move data from the drive to a secure location as soon as possible. Bad memory would result in memory errors, not a clicking noise. An overheated CPU or bad power supply will cause a spontaneous reboot, not a clicking. A system notification would indicate whether there is a failed drive, as it would not allow reading or writing. A failed UPS (or failed battery in the UPS) would result in a complete loss of power to the computer if the outlet (or wall) power was lost.
Match each file system component with the description below: A one-dimensional stream of bits treated as a logical unit.Terms: • File • Directory • Volume • Partition
File A directory (also called a folder) is a container in a volume that holds files or other directories. A directory is used to logically sort and organize data to keep related files grouped together. There are four main components to a file system: • Partition - a logical division of a storage device associated with a hard disk drive. • Volume - a single accessible storage area within a file system that can encompass a single partition or span across multiple partitions. • Directory - a container (also called a folder) in a volume that holds files or other directories. It is used to logically sort and organize data to keep related files grouped together. • File - a one-dimensional stream of bits treated as a logical unit. Files are the most basic component that a file system uses to organize raw bits of data on the storage device itself.
What is the minimum number of storage devices you need in order to implement three-way mirroring for a storage space? • Two • Five • Seven • Three
Five Three-way mirroring on a storage space requires at least five storage devices.
You have four volumes on a basic hard disk. You convert the disk to dynamic. After the conversion, which of the following are you MOST likely to see as the status of the fourth volume if it is valid and has no errors? • Healthy • Healthy (Logical Drive) • Healthy (Primary Partition) • Healthy (Basic) • Healthy (Dynamic)
Healthy If a basic disk is converted to dynamic, the status of all partitions on that disk would be changed to show a status of Healthy. There are no primary or logical partitions on a dynamic disk. A basic hard disk can have only have four primary partitions. To get around this limitation on basic disks, the fourth partition is automatically configured as an extended partition that can hold logical drives, so the fourth partition would show a status of Healthy (Logical Drive).
Match each disk status with the description below. Each status may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Indicates that the disk is turned on, can be accessed, and that the volume on the disk is valid and has no errors. • Initializing • Healthy • Unavailable • Missing • Formatting • Unallocated
Healthy The Healthy or Online status indicates that the disk is turned on, it can be accessed, and the volume on the disk is valid and has no errors. The Initializing process is displayed while a disk is being converted from a basic disk to a dynamic disk. After the conversion, the status for the volume changes to Healthy. The Unavailable status indicates that errors have occurred on physical or dynamic disks. The Missing status shows when a dynamic disk has been removed or turned off.
You have four volumes on a basic hard disk. Which of the following are you MOST likely to see as the status of the fourth volume if it is valid and has no errors? • Healthy (Logical Drive) • Healthy (Primary Partition) • Healthy • Healthy (Basic) • Healthy (Dynamic)
Healthy (Logical Drive) A basic hard disk can have only have four primary partitions. To get around this limitation on basic disks, the fourth partition is automatically configured as an extended partition that can hold logical drives, so the fourth partition would show a status of Healthy (Logical Drive). The first three partitions would show a status of Healthy (Primary Partition). If the disk had been a dynamic disk, the status would just be Healthy. If the disk is converted from basic to dynamic, the status would be changed to show just Healthy.
Match each disk status with the description below. Each status may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Shows while a disk is being converted from a basic disk to a dynamic disk. • Initializing • Healthy • Unavailable • Missing • Formatting • Unallocated
Initializing The Healthy or Online status indicates that the disk is turned on, it can be accessed, and the volume on the disk is valid and has no errors. The Initializing process is displayed while a disk is being converted from a basic disk to a dynamic disk. After the conversion, the status for the volume changes to Healthy. The Unavailable status indicates that errors have occurred on physical or dynamic disks. The Missing status shows when a dynamic disk has been removed or turned off.
You have just finished upgrading the 250-watt power supply in your desktop computer to a 450-watt power supply. Now the BIOS does not recognize one of the hard disk drives in the system during POST. Which of the following troubleshooting steps is the BEST to try first? • Reconfigure the hard disk to utilize the higher-wattage power supply with drive jumpers. • Manually enter the hard disk geometry parameters in the BIOS. • Replace the power supply. • Make sure that the hard disk is connected to the power supply. • Use the voltage switch on the power supply to go from 110 volts to 220 volts.
Make sure that the hard disk is connected to the power supply. Because you have just made a system change, you should check items related to the change you have made. In this case, check to make sure that the power connectors are plugged in. Jumpers are switches on older hard drives that help you enable specific hard drive settings. If the settings worked before upgrading the power supply, they should continue to work. Replacing the power supply is one of the last troubleshooting steps you should perform. Switching to a higher voltage on the power supply is unlikely to resolve the issue. In older systems, you had to manually enter the hard disk geometry, and it was very common for a wrong value to be entered. In this scenario, even if you had to enter the hard disk geometry parameters initially, the hard drive was working prior to upgrading the power supply, and the parameters should still be correct.
You have just installed an SSD drive in your older Windows workstation. However, after you start Windows, you do not see the SSD drive listed in Windows Explorer. What should you do FIRST? • Replace the power supply. • Make sure the power connectors on the SSD drive are plugged in all the way. • Use the voltage switch on the power supply to switch from 110 to 220 volts. • Configure the jumpers on the SSD drive.
Make sure the power connectors on the SSD drive are plugged in all the way. Because you have just made a system change, you should check items related to the change you have made. In this case, check to make sure that the power connectors are plugged in to the SSD drive. Jumpers are pins on the back of some older hard drives and are used to enable specific types of settings. These do not apply to an SSD drive. Replacing the power supply is one of the last steps you should take, especially if the power supply is new and seems to be working. Using the voltage switch to go from 110 to 220 volts does not normally impact whether or not an SSD drive is working.
Match each disk status with the description below. Each status may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Shows when a dynamic disk has been removed or turned off. • Initializing • Healthy • Unavailable • Missing • Formatting • Unallocated
Missing The Healthy or Online status indicates that the disk is turned on, it can be accessed, and the volume on the disk is valid and has no errors. The Initializing process is displayed while a disk is being converted from a basic disk to a dynamic disk. After the conversion, the status for the volume changes to Healthy. The Unavailable status indicates that errors have occurred on physical or dynamic disks. The Missing status shows when a dynamic disk has been removed or turned off.
Match each file system component with the description below: A logical division of a storage device associated with a hard drive. Terms: • File • Directory • Volume • Partition
Partition A directory (also called a folder) is a container in a volume that holds files or other directories. A directory is used to logically sort and organize data to keep related files grouped together. There are four main components to a file system: • Partition - a logical division of a storage device associated with a hard disk drive. • Volume - a single accessible storage area within a file system that can encompass a single partition or span across multiple partitions. • Directory - a container (also called a folder) in a volume that holds files or other directories. It is used to logically sort and organize data to keep related files grouped together. • File - a one-dimensional stream of bits treated as a logical unit. Files are the most basic component that a file system uses to organize raw bits of data on the storage device itself.
Windows features a storage solution called Storage Spaces. What is the name of the Storage Spaces feature that allows you to allocate space for redundant information using options that include two-way mirroring, three-way mirroring, and parity? (Write-In Answer)
Resiliency The Storage Spaces feature can include data resiliency. Choosing an option that provides resiliency requires you to allocate space for redundant information. The options for storage spaces data resiliency include: - Simple, which does not provide redundancy. This option simply adds space from the storage pool to the storage space. When you select the Simple option, all of the data in the storage space is lost if one of the drives fails. - Two-way mirror, which requires at least two storage devices. The data is written to two devices. Two-way mirroring requires twice as much device space as the amount of storage allocated to the storage space. This option protects you from a single storage device failure. - Three-way mirror, which requires at least five storage devices. The data is written to three storage devices. This option provides redundancy for the data if two storage devices fail at one time. - Parity, which requires that you have at least three storage devices. This option uses parity information to reconstruct data if one of the storage devices fails. Parity uses less space for redundancy than the mirroring options, but performance is not as good if a device failure does occur. Parity requires only 50 percent more redundant space than a storage space.
You notice that the hard drive on your iMac Pro is running slower than before. You decide to run the First Aid utility to optimize the drive. Which of the following is recommended to make sure that the First Aid utility is 100% effective? • Check Disk Usage in the Storage tab. • Run First Aid by booting into Recovery Mode. • Make sure that the hard drive is at 80% or less capacity. • Defragment the hard drive first.
Run First Aid by booting into Recovery Mode. To be 100% effective, always run the First Aid utility by booting into Recovery Mode. By running First Aid in Recovery Mode, you can make sure that the entire disk has been verified and checked by the utility and that all files can be repaired. A good rule of thumb is that when a hard drive gets to about 80% capacity, it's time to delete files. But you can still run First Aid effectively when a hard drive is at 80% or more capacity. On a macOS system, you do not need to defragment your hard drive, as the Mac file system does a very efficient job of storing and retrieving data. While the Disk Usage window provides you with a lot of different information about the installed storage disks on your system, you do not need to check this information before using First Aid.
Which of the following can you do to disable defragmentation in Windows? • Open Device Manager and right-click the SSD drive. Then select the Defragment drive option. • Select Change Settings from the Optimize Drive dialog. Then clear the Run on a schedule option. • Select Optimize from the Optimize Drive dialog. Then clear the Defragment drives option. • Open Device Manager, right-click the SSD drive, and select Properties. Then select the Defragment drive option.
Select Change Settings from the Optimize Drive dialog. Then clear the Run on a schedule option. To disable defragmentation in Windows, you select Change Settings from the Optimize Drive dialog and then clear (deselect) the Run on a schedule option. There is no Defragment drives option when selecting the Optimize button. Selecting the Optimize button simply starts the optimization process. Device Manager does not provide any options for defragmenting an SSD or traditional hard drive.
You want to combine storage space from two different hard disks into a single logical storage unit on your Windows computer. Which of the following is the BEST step to perform? • Use basic disks and an extended partition. • Use dynamic disks and a simple volume. • Use basic disks and a primary partition. • Use dynamic disks and a spanned volume.
Use dynamic disks and a spanned volume. To use multiple disks on a single logical storage unit, upgrade all the disks to dynamic disks and then create a spanned volume. A simple volume contains storage space from a single disk. Use basic disks to create primary and extended partitions. Partitions cannot include storage space from multiple disks.
You want to set up a Windows system to also be able to boot to Linux. To be able to dual boot, the system needs a partition on which to install Linux. However, you don't have an extra hard disk that can be used for the Linux partition. The existing disk has no unpartitioned space available, but it has about 300 GB of free space. Which of the following disk management operations will BEST prepare your hard disk for dual boot in this scenario? • Convert the disk from physical to logical • partitions. • Reformat the disk with the partitions needed for a dual boot system. • Shrink the primary partition. Convert the disk from basic to dynamic.
Shrink the primary partition. You can decrease the space used by primary partitions and logical drives by shrinking them into adjacent, contiguous space on the same disk. For example, if you discover that you need an additional partition, but do not have additional disks, you can shrink the existing partition from the end of the volume to create new unallocated space that can then be used for a new partition. Reformatting the disk, converting it from basic to dynamic, or converting it from physical to logical partitions are not the best solutions for this scenario.
List the steps you need to follow to add more disk space to a storage space in Windows. List the correct steps in order. (Not all steps on the left will be used.) Possible Steps: • Install a new storage device on the system. • Add free space on a new storage device to a storage pool. • Allocate space from the storage pool to an existing storage space. • Mirror the storage space to at least one other storage device. • Unmount the storage space that needs more disk space.
Step 1: Install a new storage device on the system. Step 2: Add free space on a new storage device to a storage pool. Step 3: Allocate space from the storage pool to an existing storage space.
Your company's graphic designers were given laptop computers several months ago. The laptops have a 500-GB SSD drive for the operating system and applications and a 1-TB hard drive for storing media files. Now, a few of the graphic designers are complaining about slow performance on their SSD drives. What is the MOST likely cause of the slow performance? • The SSD's firmware needs to be updated. • The file system is not optimized for SSD. • The SATA connection is older and has a slower transfer speed. • The designers are storing media files on the SSD drive.
The designers are storing media files on the SSD drive. The most likely cause of the slow performance is that the graphic designers are storing all their media files on the SSD drive (instead of the hard drive) for faster access to the files. When an SSD is too full (90% or more), performance decreases significantly. It is likely that the SSD drives are at least 90% full. Because these are newer laptops, the file systems are most likely optimized for SSD, and the firmware probably does not need to be updated yet. Also, the SATA connection is newer, which means that the transfer speed is working properly.
You have a thin-provisioned storage space that suddenly unmounts. What is the MOST likely cause of this problem? • The storage space has run out of disk space. • The storage space has become corrupted. • A new storage device has been added to the pool. • One of the disks in the storage space pool has crashed.
The storage space has run out of disk space. If a storage space runs out of disk space, that storage space will immediately unmount, leaving any I/O processes vulnerable to data corruption. Corruption in the storage space may cause issues with I/O processes, but this is not likely to unmount the storage space. While a disk device can cause problems in a storage pool if the device crashes, the issues will have more to do with data availability than an unmounted storage space. You can add a new storage device to a pool without interrupting any storage processes. This is one of the benefits of using virtual storage pools.
You are using an older utility to manage a GPT-partitioned drive on a Windows 10 system. You only see a single partition. However, you know you have multiple partitions across the hard drive. What is the MOST likely reason that you only see one partition? • The utility is displaying the drive's unprotected MBR. • The utility can only manage MBR partitions and is displaying the drive's protected MBR. • The utility is only designed to work with Windows 7 or 8. • The utility can only display dynamic partitions.
The utility can only manage MBR partitions and is displaying the drive's protected MBR. GPT includes a protective MBR, which sees the GPT drive as a single partition that extends across the entire drive. If you try to manage a GPT disk with an old tool that can only read MBRs, it will see the GPT disk as a single partition that extends across the entire drive. Even though a utility may only be designed to work with Windows 7 or 8, the utility should still be able to see GPT multiple partitions. Dynamic partitions let you extend partitions, but this would not be a likely reason for a utility being able to only see one partition. There is no unprotected MBR on a GPT-partitioned drive.
Which of the following is a characteristic of extended partitions? • There can be multiple extended partitions per drive. • They are subdivided into logical drives. • They are bootable. • They can be set to active.
They are subdivided into logical drives. An extended partition is subdivided into logical drives. You cannot format an extended partition. You can only format the logical drives within the partition. You can have only a single extended partition per disk. An extended partition cannot be set as active and cannot be used to boot the computer. Use a primary partition to set the partition as active, boot the computer, or create multiple partitions per disk.
You want to set up storage spaces for several employees in your company with a maximum allocation of 100 gigabytes per drive. However, you only have 500 gigabytes of available space left in the pool where you want to create the storage spaces. Which Storage Spaces feature can you use to allocate more space than what is actually available? • Partition shrinking • Thin provisioning • Data resiliency • Pools
Thin provisioning Thin provisioning (also called overbooking) allows you to allocate larger storage spaces than the disk space available in the pool. Data resiliency is the ability to allocate space for redundant information (such as two-way mirroring). A pool is a logically configured free space that is available on specified storage devices. Partition shrinking is done through Disk Management. Partition shrinking is not a feature of Storage Spaces.
You have just finished installing Windows on a system that contains four physical hard disks. The installation process has created a system volume and a C: volume on the first disk (Disk 0). The installation process also initialized the second disk (Disk 1) and the third disk (Disk 2), but did not create any volumes on these disks. Which of the following would you expect to see as the status of Disk 1 and Disk 2? • Unreadable • Formatting • Unavailable • Healthy • Unallocated • Initializing
Unallocated A disk that has been initialized will show as Unallocated if no volumes have been created. The Healthy or Online status indicates that the disk is turned on and can be accessed. In other words, the volume on the disk is valid and has no errors. The Formatting status is shown for volumes during the formatting process. After formatting, the status for the volume changes to Healthy. The Initializing process shows while a disk is being converted from a basic disk to a dynamic disk. After the conversion, the status for the volume changes to Healthy. The Unavailable status indicates that errors have occurred on physical or dynamic disks. The Unreadable status indicates a hardware failure, I/O error, or other corruption. This status might also indicate a reading delay from the Disk Management utility.
Match each disk status with the description below. Each status may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Indicates that errors have occurred on physical or dynamic disks. • Initializing • Healthy • Unavailable • Missing • Formatting • Unallocated
Unavailable The Healthy or Online status indicates that the disk is turned on, it can be accessed, and the volume on the disk is valid and has no errors. The Initializing process is displayed while a disk is being converted from a basic disk to a dynamic disk. After the conversion, the status for the volume changes to Healthy. The Unavailable status indicates that errors have occurred on physical or dynamic disks. The Missing status shows when a dynamic disk has been removed or turned off.
Which of the following Windows command line utilities would you use to realign the file structure on a disk to optimize performance? • chkdsk • defrag • fdisk • Disk Management
defrag Use the defrag command to place files in contiguous order on a disk, realigning the file structure to optimize performance. Use chkdsk to search the system for lost allocation units and corrupted files. Use fdisk on older versions of Windows to create and delete partitions. Use Disk Management to access the properties of a volume and then run the Defragmentation graphical utility from there.
You have an extra disk on your system that has three primary partitions and an extended partition with two logical drives. You want to convert the partitions to simple volumes, preferably without losing any data. Which of the following is the BEST step to perform to accomplish this? • Run the convert command. • Upgrade the disk to a dynamic disk. • Delete the partitions and re-create them assimple volumes. • Run the fixboot command to convert the partition type to GPT.
Upgrade the disk to a dynamic disk. When you upgrade a basic disk to a dynamic disk, existing partitions are converted to simple volumes. You can convert the disk without deleting partitions or losing any data. Use the convert command to change the file system from FAT32 to NTFS. The partition table type (either MBR or GPT) does not affect the partition or volume type.
Match each file system component with the description below: A single accessible storage area within a file system. Terms: • File • Directory • Volume • Partition
Volume A directory (also called a folder) is a container in a volume that holds files or other directories. A directory is used to logically sort and organize data to keep related files grouped together. There are four main components to a file system: • Partition - a logical division of a storage device associated with a hard disk drive. • Volume - a single accessible storage area within a file system that can encompass a single partition or span across multiple partitions. • Directory - a container (also called a folder) in a volume that holds files or other directories. It is used to logically sort and organize data to keep related files grouped together. • File - a one-dimensional stream of bits treated as a logical unit. Files are the most basic component that a file system uses to organize raw bits of data on the storage device itself.
What happens when you connect an external hard drive to a Windows PC? • Windows automatically assigns the new drive to a pool. • Windows automatically initializes (formats) the new hard drive. • Windows automatically partitions the new hard drive. • Windows automatically assigns an available drive letter.
Windows automatically assigns an available drive letter. When you connect an external hard drive to a PC, Windows automatically assigns an available drive letter. Assigning the new drive to a pool, initializing the hard drive, and partitioning the hard drive are all tasks that you need to perform after connecting most new internal hard drives.
Which of the following is a benefit of extending a volume? • You are adding fault tolerance to the volume. • You can add space to the volume from another disk. • You are able to add non-contiguous space to your system volume. • ou are increasing the access speed to files on the extended volume.
You can add space to the volume from another disk. The basic benefit provided by extending a volume is the ability to add space to the volume from another disk. You do not add fault tolerance or increase access speed to files on an extended volume. System volumes can only be extended to contiguous space on the same drive on which the system volume exists.
Which of the following commands would you run on a Linux system to find out how much disk space is being used on each of the file systems? • fsck • umount • df -h • ls -R
df -h To find out how much disk space is being used by each of the file systems on your Linux system (in human-readable format), you would use the df -h command. The fsck command looks for errors in the file system. The umount command unmounts a file system. The ls -R command lists files in a directory, including all subdirectories.
Which of the following utilities would you use to correct cross-linked clusters within the file system on a Windows workstation? • chkdsk • DiskScan • attrib • fdisk
chkdsk Use the chkdsk utility to check the disk for errors and repair them. Use fdisk to create and delete partitions on older versions of Windows. Use attrib to toggle attributes on individual files. DiskScan is used on a Linux system to perform surface analysis on a portion of a hard disk.
You are an IT administrator who is troubleshooting a computer from within Windows Command Prompt. You are trying to execute the chkdsk command line tool, but it keeps failing. Which of the following command switches would give you the BEST information on how to run this command? • chkdsk /info • chkdsk /i • chkdsk /help • chkdsk /?
chkdsk /? Adding the /? switch displays the proper syntax to run the command. All of the other switches will return an error message.
After installing a new SSD drive on your Windows 11 system, you determine that the TRIM functionality has not been automatically enabled on the drive by the Windows operating system. You need to manually turn on TRIM from a Command Prompt. The drive's volume has been assigned a drive letter of E:. Which of the following commands MUST you use to enable this feature? • bootrec /rebuildbcd • chkdsk E: /R • fsutil behavior set DisableDeleteNotify • fsutil behavior set DisableDeleteNotify 0 • fsutil behavior set DisableDeleteNotify 0 E:
fsutil behavior set DisableDeleteNotify 0 If it is disabled, you can manually enable TRIM on an SSD drive with the fsutil behavior set DisableDeleteNotify 0 command. The fsutil behavior query DisableDeleteNotify command detects whether TRIM is enabled, but doesn't actually turn it on. The fsutil behavior query DisableDeleteNotify 0 E: command is an invalid command. The chkdsk e: /R command checks the E: drive for bad sectors and tries to recover readable data. The bootrec /rebuildbcd command rebuilds the boot configuration data.
Which of the following indicates that a drive is unavailable when you check the status of a hard drive? (Select two.) • Uncertain • Caution • Down • Failed • Bad
• Down • Bad When a hard drive is unavailable, the status may be labeled Down or Bad. Caution means that you need to keep an eye on the hard drive, as it may fail in the nearfuture. Uncertain means that no hard drive information is available. Failed is not a hard drive status.
You have decided to optimize the hard drive on your Windows laptop by running the Error Checking utility. What are the things that you can expect the Error Checking utility to perform? (Select two.) • Delete temporary files • Fix lost clusters • Compress old files • Defragmentation • Fix cross-linked files
• Fix lost clusters • Fix cross-linked files The Error Checking utility finds and fixes lost clusters as well as cross-linked files. The Optimize Drives app performs several tasks, including hard drive defragmentation. The Disk Cleanup app performs several tasks, including deleting temporary files and compressing old files.
On a Windows workstation, you want to use the Storage Spaces feature to create a logical drive. Which of the following components are used to configure Storage Spaces? (Select three.) • Storage devices, which are physical drives such as SATA drives or external drives. • Thin provisioning, which allows you to allocate more space than is available. • Storage pools, which are logically created from free space on storage devices. • Mirrored data resiliency, which provides storage redundancy. • Storage space, which is a logically defined unit created from a storage pool. Parity, which allows you to reconstruct data if device failure occurs.
• Storage devices, which are physical drives such as SATA drives or external drives. • Storage pools, which are logically created from free space on storage devices. • Storage space, which is a logically defined unit created from a storage pool. Devices - hard disks or other types of storage from which storage pools are created. You can use a variety of devices, such as SATA drives and external drives. - Storage pools - a logical concept composed of the free space available on the specified storage devices. Storage pools are created from available disk space. - Storage space - a logical unit of space created from a pool. One or more storage spaces can be created from a given pool. To the Windows system and the user, storage spaces appear as disks with typical drive letters (such as the E: drive or F: drive). Parity, thin provisioning, and data resiliency are specific benefits of the Storage Spaces feature.
You want to create a high-performance Windows laptop with both a 2-TB hard drive and a 1-TB SSD drive. Which of the following are data storage recommendations for your high performance system? (Select two.) • Automatically back up important data on the hard drive to the SSD drive. • Store data that requires high performance on the SSD drive. • Store data that requires high performance on the hard drive. • Store heavily used information on the SSD drive. • Store heavily used information on the hard drive.
• Store data that requires high performance on the SSD drive. • Store heavily used information on the hard drive.
Your system volume is running out of disk space. You need to extend the system volume to give it more space. Which of the following conditions MUST be met to extend the system volume? (Select two.) • The system volume must be on a basic disk. • The disk must have contiguous free space on the same disk. • The system volume must be on a dynamic disk. • The system volume must formatted with NTFS. • The volume must be spanned to use disk space on a different disk.
• The disk must have contiguous free space on the same disk. • The system volume must formatted with NTFS. The system volume can only be extended using contiguous free space on the same disk. This is the same for both basic and dynamic disks. Any volume can only be extended if it is unformatted or formatted with NTFS. The system volume can be on either a basic or dynamic disk. The system volume cannot be extended or spanned to non-contiguous space or to space on another disk.
Which of the following requirements must be met in order to extend a volume? (Select two. Each correct answer is a complete solution.) • The volume must be spanned. • The target partition must not have a drive letter. • The volume must be formatted with NTFS. • The volume must have an empty folder. • The volume must be unformatted.
• The volume must be formatted with NTFS. • he volume must be unformatted. In order to extend a volume, the volume must be unformatted or formatted with NTFS. Spanning involves extending a volume to use disk space on another disk. While another disk is required (and the disk must be dynamic), spanning is not a basic requirement for extending a volume. Having an empty folder on the volume and making sure that the target partition does not have a drive letter are requirements for configuring a mount point.
Your computer currently uses a 5,400 RPM hard disk. You want to improve your computer's overall performance by optimizing your hard disk performance. Which of the following would be the MOST effective means to optimize your hard disk performance? (Select two.) • Upgrade your hard disk interface to SATA 2. • Upgrade your hard disk interface to eSATAp. • Upgrade your hard disk interface to SATA 3. • Upgrade to a 10,000 RPM hard disk. • Implement RAID 0 on the current hard disk. • Upgrade to a 7,200 RPM hard disk.
• Upgrade your hard disk interface to SATA 3. • Upgrade to a 10,000 RPM hard disk. Upgrading to a 10,000 RPM hard disk and upgrading to a SATA 3 disk interface are the two most effective steps you can take to improve your computer's overall performance. The 7,200 RPM hard disk is not the fastest hard disk option. At 600 Mbps, the SATA 3 disk interface is twice as fast as the SATA 2 interface. Although hard disk drives are not capable of sending data at the full 600 Mbps, they can go faster than the SATA 2 interface allows. Implementing RAID 0 does improve hard disk performance, but it requires a minimum of two disks. Adding another hard disk while keeping your current 5,400 RPM disk would not improve your hard disk performance as much as upgrading to a 10,000 RPM hard disk with a SATA 3 disk interface.
Which of the following tasks does Windows Storage Spaces eliminate the need for? (Select two.) • Disk cleanup • RAID array creation • Hard drive formatting • Volume resizing • Drive repartitioning • Defragmentation
• Volume resizing • Drive repartitioning Hard drive formatting, RAID array creation, defragmentation, and disk cleanup are all tasks that need to be done independently of the Storage Spaces feature.