Tests

cartellino

(Italian for small piece of paper) was a piece of parchment or paper painted illusionistically, often as though attached to a wall or parapet in a painting, commonly with the artist's name or that of a sitter.

Piqué Weave

- Also known as cord weaves - Fabric with ridges, wales or cords held up by floats on back - Stuffer yarns exaggerate wales or cords - The wales vary in width

Bernardo Bellotto

18th century Italian painter who specialized in capriccio paintings

When applying a wet-in-wet wash in watercolor painting the board on which the artist's paper is placed should be at roughly what angle

30 degrees, so that the colors can flow gently down the paper. If the board is laid flat, washes cannot spread and diffuse easily.

pylon entrance

A bar and rod that supports a structure that is Greek for gateway used by Egyptians

CMYK

A color system or model used for printing, that creates colors by blending different levels of cyan, magenta, yellow, and black. subtractive, it is called a "subtractive" model because it works by masking colors on a lighter, usually white background. The ink reduces the light that would otherwise be reflected. Thus it "subtracts" from the brightness of the background.

gargoyle

A grotesque carved human or animal figure, especially one used as a rainspout carrying water clear of a wall

dobby loom

A loom with a punched-tape attachment or microcomputer control used to control warp-yarn position and create dobby-weave fabrics. small, geometric figures can be woven in as a regular pattern. Dobby looms produce patterns which are beyond the range of simple looms, but are somewhat limited compared to a jacquard loom, which has a wider range of pattern capabilities.

capriccio

A painting or print of a fantastic, imaginary landscape, usually with architecture.views of buildings from different places in one composition.

Agora

A public place in Greece

Geometric Style

A style of early Greek ceramics characterized by circles, rectangles, and triangles arranged in parallel bands. 8th-9th cen BCE

How do you speed up the setting of plaster

Add salt

additive color mixing

Additive color mixing is the process of combining different wavelengths of light. When all of the colors of light are combined it results in white light. Ex glazing in the renaissance

Andre Derain

André Derain was a French artist, painter, sculptor and co-founder of Fauvism with Henri Matisse

Principals of Design

Balance, rhythm, pattern, emphasis, contrast, unity, movement, and harmony

Church of San Vitale, Ravenna

Byzantine, with a large octogenarian shape with famous murals of emperor and empress Justin's and Theodora and Christ on a globe

Christopher Hall

Cathartic focus and surrealist investigations king of painting uses humor art books

Polymer clay

Clay that is easily modeled at room temp. and hardened into a plastic when fired and is a sculptable materials (PVC) usually contains no clay minerals, is only called clay because of texture.

Series Number

Denotes the quality and cost of the pigment used. 1 is the cheapest and 5 or 7 is the best quality and most exspensive

Cupola

DescriptionIn architecture, a cupola is a relatively small, most often dome-like, tall structure on top of a building. Often used to provide a lookout or to admit light and air, it usually crowns a larger roof or dome.

Dpi

Dots per inch and is a measure of resolution

Pieter Bruegel The Elder

Dutch painter, painted landscapes, giving us a bird's-eye view of the everyday life of simple country people or stories from the Bible. His entertaining depictions of peasant life earned him a nickname 'peasant Bruegel' but he only left behind about forty pictures overall. Towards the end of his life, Bruegel no longer allowed his figures to disappear in an overwhelming landscape, but moved them more into the foreground of his pictures. Here, they can feast, drink, dance, laugh and celebrate - all things Bruegel liked to share with them. Regardless of whether the painter was a peasant himself or not: no other painter has given us such a vivid and precise image of their life in those days.

De Stijl

Dutch post-WWI movement that believed that their style revealed the underlying structure of existence; art was simplistic and used primary colors and horizontal and vertical lines (invented by Piet Mondrian and Theo van Doesburg).These artists avoided photographic representation of subjects.

Linen is the best to paint on because

Fine even grain, free of knots, Tight weave, and retains it shape when stretched, and is durable through several layers of primer and paint, but is expensive

jasper johns

For Jasper Johns, as for Duchamp, art was an intellectual exercise. During the '50s and '60s he chose familiar two-dimensional objects that included flags, targets, and maps as subjects, "things the mind already knows," he said, which "gave me room to work on other levels." In "Three Flags," each successive, stacked canvas of decreasing size realistically portrays a familiar object. At the same time, with its richly textured surface of encaustic (pigment mixed with wax), it is also patently artificial. By contrasting the flag's impersonal structure to his personal artistic handwriting, Johns gave a new identity to an object which, as with O'Keefe's flowers, is routinely seen but "not look at, not examined."

an invitation to the side show

George Seurat

Hans Holbein the Younger

German Painter noted for his portraits and religious paintings.

Baptistery Doors

Ghiberti old testiment scenes relief

Social Realism

Highlighting injustice during the Great Depression Ben Shawn and Reginald marsh

columna cochlis.

Large monumental triumphal column such as the Antonine or Trajanic column with an internal spiral staircase and an external.

Robert Motherwell

Motherwell's own words, the reason he went to Harvard was that he wanted to be a painter, while his father urged him to pursue a more secure career: "And finally after months of really a cold war he made a very generous agreement with me that if I would get a Ph.D. so that I would be equipped to teach in a college as an economic insurance, he would give me fifty dollars a week for the rest of my life to do whatever I wanted to do on the assumption that with fifty dollars I could not starve but it would be no inducement to last. So with that agreed on Harvard then—it was actually the last year—Harvard still had the best philosophy school in the world. And since I had taken my degree at Stanford in philosophy, and since he didn't care what the Ph.D. was in, I went on to Harvard.

Naive Art

Naïve art is a classification of art that is often characterized by a childlike simplicity in its subject matter and technique. While many naïve artists appear, from their works, to have little or no formal art training, this is often not true. The words "naïve" and "primitive" are regarded as pejoratives and are, therefore, avoided by many.

Lucas Cranach the Elder

Nymph of the Spring

Essential items for oil painting

Palette knives, painting knives, dippers

New kingdom columns

Papyrus and lotus Upper and lower Egypt

Atrium

Roman house with an open-roofed entrance hall or central court in an ancient Roman house.

panning

Rotating the lens around the vertical axis moving it horizontally

Mannerism

Sistine Chapel shows somewhat harsh tones of fuchsia and puce with lemon-yellow and crackling blue. To some this is an indication of the birth of the style called

Most widely used pastels

Soft pastel because they produce a wonderfully velvety bloom

Baptistery

The Florence Baptistery, also known as the Baptistery of Saint John, is a religious building in Florence, Italy

figure-ground relationship

The principle by which we organize the perceptual field into stimuli that stand out (figure) and those that are left over (ground). tricky in op art, abstract art

Imprimatura

Transparent ground, the paint is heavily diluted with a thin wash, so light reflects up and colors retain their luminosity if you use semi or transparent colors

Opaque toned grounds

Used with opaque paint when light reflection and luminosity is not an issue

"You learn by working...you become a painter by painting."

Vincent Van Gogh

equipoise

Weight, relationship, and forces in 2 d and 3 d work

Willem de Kooning

Willem De Kooning was called the Old Master of Abstract Expressionism, and came to the U.S. from Holland as a stowaway. With his solid background in academic painting and an ability to draw like Ingres, he worked in a realistic style until 1948, when he developed his mature style of slashing brushstrokes. Unlike his colleagues, de Kooning kept his interest in the human figure and is known for a series of "Woman" paintings (which he compared to the Venus of Willendorf).

white-line engraving

Wood engraving, as practiced by Bewick . Essentially, this is a dark-to-light technique whereby the white areas are cut away. Any black line on the print is essentially the impression the raised line in between two incised lines.

Gustav Kahn

a French Symbolist poet and art critic. He was also active, via publishing and essay-writing, in defining Symbolism and distinguishing it from the Decadent Movement

Trajan's Column

a Roman triumphal column in Rome, Italy, that commemorates Roman emperor Trajan's victory in the Dacian Wars.

Decadent art movement

a late-19th-century artistic and literary movement, centered in Western Europe, that followed an aesthetic ideology of excess and artificiality.

anatomy figure

a muscled manikin

subtractive color mixing

a process of color mixing that occurs within the stimulus itself; a physical, not psychological, process what happens when we mix paints, dyes, and pigments Ex: mixing paint on a pallet

Underwrap

a protective foam material applied to the skin prior to adhesive tape

Understitching

a row of stitching used to keep the facing or bottom layer of fabric rolled out of sight

Symbolist Art

a subjective style from 1880 to 1900 in which artists, according to Symbolist theorist Gustav Kahn, "objectified the subjective," that is, they gave concrete visual form to personal, interior ideas. Kahn contrasts this procedure to the slightly earlier Impressionists, who had "subjectified the objective," that is, they interpreted the natural world, the objective, through the mind, the individual temperament.

Amphora

a tall ancient Greek or Roman jar with two handles and a narrow neck.

lay figure

a well-proportioned pose that can be slid under a page and used as a template to help control proportions and the location of garment details

Throughout Polynesia women make decorated barkcloth using the inner bark of the paper mulberry tree. The finished product is called

ahu, autea, and kapa

Art of Rajasthan

also called Maru Gurjara Art is an ancient Rajasthani art that developed during the early.sixth century period

Seraphim and Cherubim

angels both seraphim and cherubim are endowed with the lowest reach

hard pastels

are made from the same ingredients as soft pastels, except they contain more binder and less pigment. This means that their colors are not as intense but they don't crumble or break as easily. Because they're more stable, hard pastels are especially suited to drawing techniques and working on location. more suitable to drawing

Hamo Thornycroft

as an English sculptor, responsible for some of London's best-known statues. He was a keen student of classical sculpture and became one of the youngest members of the Royal Academy. He was the leading figure in the movement known as the New Sculpture, which provided a transition between the neoclassical styles of the 19th century and its later fin-de-siècle and modernist departures

Fluxus

as an international, interdisciplinary community of artists, composers, designers and poets during the 1960s and 1970s who engaged in experimental art performances which emphasized the artistic process over the finished product

Henry Moore

based his work on natural forms like shells, pebbles, and bones, Subjects that preoccupied him throughout his career were the reclining figure, mother and child, and family. He aimed not for beauty, but for power of expression.

Handmade Indian papers are more robust than Japanese papers, with a surface similar to rough watercolor paper. They are inexpensive and come in a range of tints, as well as white and cream. They make an excellent support for soft drawing media, such as _________________, and for _____________________.

charcoal; wash drawings. Handmade Indian papers are more robust than Japanese papers, with a surface similar to rough watercolor paper. They are inexpensive and come in a range of tints, as well as white and cream. They make an excellent support for soft drawing media, such as charcoal, and for wash drawings.

colored inks

consist of soluble dyes rather than pigments and are not lightfast

appliquéd

decorated by cutting pieces of one material and applying them to the surface of another

embroidery

decorative needlework

Henry Moore

famous sculptor who built on the biomorphic shapes of the Surrealists like Arp and Miró. His large, open shapes are semi-naturalistic, perforated by holes that are as important as the solid parts of his work.

crewel

fine worsted yarn used in tapestry

Cliché verre

is a combination of painting with photography. In brief, it is a method of either etching, painting or drawing on a transparent surface, such as glass, thin paper or film and printing the resulting image on a light sensitive paper in a photographic darkroom.

An academy figure

is a drawn study of the human figure of which the proportions are about half life-size and whose pose is taken from classical sculpture. Such works are merely exercises in depicting the human form, sometimes restricted to specific muscles, and are not considered works of art by the artist.

lierne

is a rib that connects one vault to another, and that is typically shorter than main ribs.

The Pietà

is a work of Renaissance sculpture by Michelangelo Buonarroti, housed in St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City. It is the first of a number of works of the same theme by the artist.

Clifford Still

is considered one of the foremost Color Field painters - his non-figurative paintings are non-objective, and largely concerned with juxtaposing different colors and surfaces in a variety of formations. Unlike Mark Rothko or Barnett Newman, who organized their colors in a relatively simple way (Rothko in the form of nebulous rectangles, Newman in thin lines on vast fields of color), Still's arrangements are less regular. His jagged flashes of color give the impression that one layer of color has been "torn" off the painting, revealing the colors underneath. Another point of departure with Newman and Rothko is the way the paint is laid on the canvas; while Rothko and Newman used fairly flat colors and relatively thin paint, Still uses a thick impasto, causing subtle variety and shades that shimmer across the painting surfaces.

Ikebana

is the art of Japanese floral arrangement. Artists working in that medium pay special attention to balance, harmony, and form; and an equal amount of attention is paid to the container in which the flowers are placed

fat over thin

is the recommended means of layering oil color. The artist first applies the colors with the least amount of oil, followed by layers with progressively more fat. That creates a work less likely to crack with age

wax resist

is the use of a waxy drawing medium for making a design over which a colored wash is spread. The wash will be absorbed only where the surface is not coated with wax. also used in glazing

hatching or rocking instrument

is used in mezzotint

an accelerator

is used to reduce the drying time of oil paints.

John McKenna

large sculpture of sport figures and ACDC rockstar

mezzotint

literally means "middle tint") is a type of intaglio printing that is difficult to master. It was popular in 18th century England for reproducing portraits, because of its ability to capture subtle lights and darks. In mezzotint, the artist pockmarks the inked surface of the metal plateA technique developed in Germany that involves engraving directly on a metal plate but which involves a planar relief-printing process rather than linear intaglio printing

types of clasps

lobster, box, toggle, hook and eye

oil pastels

make thick buttery strokes and produce a more intense color than the other types of pastels. Oil pastels are also stronger, harder, and less crumbly than soft pastels. pastel painting

Franz Kline

most recognizable style derived from a suggestion made to him by his friend and creative influence, Willem de Kooning. De Kooning's wife Elaine gave a romanticized account of the event, claiming that, in 1948, de Kooning advised an artistically frustrated Kline to project a sketch onto the wall of his studio, using a Bell-Opticon projector. Kline described the projection as such: "A four by five inch black drawing of a rocking chair...loomed in gigantic black strokes which eradicated any image, the strokes expanding as entities in themselves, unrelated to any entity but that of their own existence."

Piet Mondrain

paintings are grid patterns with blocks of white and colors separated by black lines. Mondrian believed that the patterns he created in his paintings represented "general" beauty. Although he said his paintings were inspired by nature, he made no attempt to represent the natural world. two types of beauty: subjective and objective.

archaic

period of artistic development in Greece from about 650 to 480 bc egyptian style greek art

weilding

process of using direct heat on two (2) pieces of metal to join them. Equipment that is necessary for welding includes an oxyacetylene torch, a metal rod, and protective gloves.

makara

sea monster with the features of a crocodile or elephant seal belonging to the sculptural repertory of Indonesian or Indo-Chinese architecture. It is an emblem of water.

servere style

style during the classical period stoic and ideal 490 to 450 BCE

Hellinistic Period

that culture associated with the spread of greek influence as a result of macedonian conquests often seen as the combo of greek culture with eastern political forms he death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and end with the conquest of the Greek world by the Romans, in 31 BCE intense movement

abbozzo

the first sketching done on the canvas, and also the first underpainting. It is a rapidly executed freehand drawing that is not intended as a finished work.

Philip IV

the planet king: after the sun, which was fourth in the planet hierarchy, Philip commissioned many portraits of the royal family, its courtiers, dwarfs, and dogs, as well as political paintings.

underlay

to raise or support; to put something under

Caspar David Friedrich

was a 19th-century German Romantic landscape painter, generally considered the most important German artist of his generation

La Plume

was a French bi-monthly literary and artistic review. The magazine was set up in 1889 by Léon Deschamps, its most famous issues is that devoted to le Chat noir. The magazine supported the symbolist art movement.

Georges Henri Rouault

was a French painter, draughtsman, and printer, whose work is often associated with Fauvism and Expressionism. best known for the old king

Reginald Marsh

was an American painter, born in Paris, most notable for his depictions of life in New York City in the 1920s and 1930s. Crowded Coney Island beach scenes, popular entertainments such as vaudeville and burlesque, women, and jobless men on the Bowery are subjects that reappear throughout his work. Very crowded scenes Highlighted injustice and social reform

Stick Charcoal made from

willow most common but vine and beech are more expensive and make a richer mark and 6 inches